هالوألكان
الهالوألكانات haloalkanes، هي مجموعة مركبات كيميائية تحضر من الألكانات وتحتوي على سلسلة أوأكثر من الهالوجين. They are a subset of the general class of halocarbons, although the distinction is not often made. Haloalkanes are widely used commercially and, consequently, are known under many chemical and commercial names. They are used as flame retardants, fire extinguishants, refrigerants, propellants, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. Subsequent to the widespread use in commerce, many halocarbons have also been shown to be serious pollutants and toxins. For example, the chlorofluorocarbons have been shown to lead to ozone depletion. Methyl bromide is a controversial fumigant. Only haloalkanes which contain chlorine, bromine, and iodine are a threat to the ozone layer, but fluorinated volatile haloalkanes in theory may have activity as greenhouse gases. Methyl iodide, a naturally occurring substance, however, does not have ozone-depleting properties and the United States Environmental Protection Agency has designated the compound a non-ozone layer depleter. For more information, see Halon.
أنواع الهالوألكانات
الخصائص
التواجد
Nomenclature
IUPAC
الإنتاج
من الألكانات
From alkenes and alkynes
من الكحولات
من الأحماض الكربوكسيلية
Biosynthesis
التفاعلات
الاستبدال
آلية العمل
Elimination
أخرى
التطبيقات
انظر ايضا
- Halogenation
- Halomethane
- Halogenoarene
