| ملكية المالديڤ
|
|---|
|
الراية الملكية
(1965–68)
|
| التفاصيل |
|---|
| الأسلوب |
His Highness
His Majesty (after 1965)
|
| أول عاهل |
Soorudasaruna-Adeettiya |
| آخر عاهل |
محمد فريد الديدي |
| التشكيل |
Unknown |
| الإلغاء |
1968 |
| المعيـِّن |
وراثية |
| المُطالب |
إبراهيم فريد الديدي |
This article lists the monarchs of the Maldives. All the rulers before King Koimala only ruled over parts of the Maldives or Deeva Maari (and Dheeva Mahal) as it was known then. Koimala was the first king to rule over all the islands of the Maldives as we know today and the island of Maliku. The Maldives was turned into a Sultanate in 1153 when the Buddhist King Dhovemi converted to Islam. Prior to that the Maldives was a Buddhist Kingdom, a Hindu Kingdom and before that a matriarchal society with each atoll ruled by a chief queen according to some accounts or by others, several theocratic societies ruled by priests known as Sawamias of heliolatric, selenolatric and astrolatric religions. The formal title of the Sultan up to 1965 was, Sultan of Land and Sea, Lord of the twelve-thousand islands and Sultan of the Maldives which came with the style Highness. After independence in 1965 the Sultan assumed the title King with the style Majesty.
الأسرة الشمسية أومملكة أديتا ڤانسا
| الاسم
|
Monarch From
|
Monarch Until
|
Notes
|
| King Soorudasaruna-Adeettiya |
unknown |
unknown |
Exiled prince and son of King Sri Brahamaadittiya of the Kalinga Kingdom of India.
|
| Queen Damahaar |
unknown |
unknown |
Last ruler of the Solar Dynasty. It is unclear from the records how many other rulers ruled between the reigns of King Adeettiya and Queen Damahaar. The Maapanansa, the copper plates on which the history of the Kings of Solar Dynasty was written were lost quite early on. Married Prince Sri Balaadeettiya from the Kalinga Kingdom who later became the first king of the Lunar Dynasty.
|
Early Lunar Dynasty or the Kingdom of Soma Vansa
| Name
|
Monarch From
|
Monarch Until
|
Notes
|
| King Balaadeettiya |
around 990 |
unknown |
Prince from Kalinga Kingdom of India. Married Queen Damahaar of the Solar Dynasty to become the ruler of Deeva Mahal. Early during his reign King Raja Dada invaded the northern atolls of the Maldives. Although some sources indicate the start of the reign as 900AD, a Chinese document from the Tang Dynasty, records the visit of Maldivians to China bringing with them gifts from their king, Balaadeettiya in 658 AD and also in 662 AD.
|
| King Loakaabarana |
unknown |
unknown |
King of the Lunar Dynasty.
|
| King Maha Sandura |
unknown |
unknown |
Son of King Loakaabarana. He had a daughter Princess Kamanhaar (also known as Kamanaar or Rehendihaar) who was banished to the island then called Is-Midu (Addu Meedhoo today). With her she took the Maapanansa, the copper plates in which the history of the Kings of Solar Dynasty was written. The Maapanasa were later buried by Al-Muhaddith Hasan and this is why such little information survived about the Solar Dynasty.
|
| King Bovana Aananda |
unknown |
unknown |
Son of King Loakaabarana and brother of King Maha Sandura. He was the father of King Koimala.
|
الأسرة القمرية (لاحقاً أسرة ثيموگى)
| Name
|
Monarch From
|
Monarch Until
|
Notes
|
| King Mahaabarana Adeettiya (Koimala) |
1117 |
1141 |
He became the first king to rule over the whole of Maldives after reclaiming the northern atolls from the Indian invaders.
|
| King (later Sultan) Dhovemi
|
1141 |
1166/1176 |
Reigned as a Buddhist until 1153. Son of Henevi Maava Kilege, sister of Koimala. A member of the Soma or Homa (Lunar) Dynasty. Converted to Islam in 1153, assumed the title Sultan and founded the Theemuge Dynasty. He was the famous Dharumavantha Rasgefaanu or the Benevolent King.
|
| السلطان Muthey
|
1166/1176 |
1185 |
Mother’s sister’s son of Dhovemi
|
| السلطان Ali I
|
1185 |
1193 |
|
| السلطان Dhinei
|
1193 |
1199 |
|
| السلطان Dhihei
|
1199 |
1214 |
Brother of Sultan Dhinei I.
|
| السلطان Wadi
|
1214 |
1233 |
Brother of Sultans Dhinei I and Dhinei II.
|
| السلطان Valla Dio
|
1233 |
1258 |
Brother of Sultans Dhinei I, Dhinei II and Wadi.
|
| السلطان Hudhei
|
1258 |
1264 |
|
| السلطان Aima
|
1264 |
1266 |
|
| السلطان Hali I
|
1266 |
1268 |
|
| السلطان Keimi
|
1268 |
1269 |
|
| السلطان Audha
|
1269 |
1278 |
Son of Sultan Wadi
|
| السلطان Hali II
|
1278 |
1288 |
Son of Sultan Audha
|
| السلطان Yoosuf I
|
1288 |
1294 |
Brother of Sultan Hali II
|
| السلطان Salis
|
1294 |
1302 |
Son of Sultan Yoosuf I
|
| السلطان Davud
|
1302 |
1307 |
Son of Sultan Yoosuf I
|
| السلطان Omar I
|
1307 |
1341 |
Son of Sultan Salis
|
| السلطان Ahmed Shihabuddine
|
1341 |
1347 |
Son of Sultan Omar I, deposed and banished by sister Khadijah
|
| Sultana Khadijah
|
1347 |
1363 |
Deposed her brother Sultan Ahmed Shihabuddine. Deposed herself by her first husband Mohamed el-Jameel
|
| السلطان Mohamed el-Jameel
|
1363 |
1364 |
First Husband of Sultana Khadijah. Assassinated by estranged wife Khadijah. He was nicknamed Handsome Mohamed.
|
| Sultana Khadijah
|
1364 |
1374 |
Second reign on assassination of first husband Sultan Mohamed el-Jameel. Deposed for a second time by her second husband Abdullah.
|
| السلطان Abdullah I
|
1374 |
1376 |
Second husband of Sultana Khadijah. Assassinated by wife Khadijah
|
| Sultana Khadijah
|
1376 |
1380 |
Third reign
|
| Sultana Raadhafathi
|
1380 |
1380 |
Daughter of Sultan Omar I, half sister of Sultana Khadijah. Deposed by husband Mohamed.
|
| السلطان Mohamed I
|
1380 |
1385 |
Husband of Sultana Raadhafathi.
|
| Sultana Dhaain
|
1385 |
1388 |
Daughter of Sultan Mohamed I. Deposed by husband Abdullah.
|
| السلطان Abdullah II
|
1388 |
1388 |
Husband of Sultana Dhaain. Some records call him a Regent (Henevi-rasge).
|
| السلطان Osman I
|
1388 |
1388 |
Former prime minister to Raadhafathi and Dhaain. Last of the Lunar Dynasty.
|
Hilaalee dynasty
| Name
|
Monarch From
|
Monarch Until
|
Notes
|
| السلطان Hassan I
|
1388 |
1398 |
First of the Hilaaly Dynasty.Son of Golhaavahi Kambulo (probably a Lunar dynasty lady) and Kulhiveri Hilaalu Kaeulhanna Kaloge son of Muslim Abbas of Hulhule
|
| السلطان Ibrahim I
|
1398 |
1398 |
Son of Sultan Hassan I. Deposed by his uncle Hussain.
|
| السلطان Hussain I
|
1398 |
1409 |
Brother of Sultan Hassan I. Assumed the throne after deposing his nephew Sultan Ibrahim I.
|
| السلطان Nasiruddine
|
1409 |
1411 |
Introduced the Islamic penal code. Possibly a member of the Lunar Dynasty
|
| السلطان Hassan II
|
1411 |
1411 |
Drowned in a tank.
|
| السلطان Isa
|
1411 |
1411 |
Brother of Sultan Hassan II.
|
| السلطان Ibrahim I
|
1411 |
1421 |
Second reign, first reigned in 1398.
|
| السلطان Osman II
|
1421 |
1421 |
Son of Sultan Osman I.
|
| السلطان Danna Mohamed
|
1421 |
1421 |
Uncle of Sultan's Hassan I and Hussain I. Prime Minister to Osman I
|
| السلطان Yoosuf II
|
1421 |
1443 |
Son of Sultan Hassan I
|
| السلطان Aboobakuru I
|
1443 |
1443 |
Son of Sultan Hassan I half brother of Sultan Yoosuf II. Killed in battle with the Portuguese who came to summon the Council of Ministers of the Maldives to Cochin.
|
| السلطان Hasan III
|
1443 |
1467 |
Son of Sultan Aboobakuru I. Deposed by Sayyid Mohamed while abroad.
|
| Sultan Sayyid Mohamed |
1467 |
1467 |
Possible descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. Deposed by Sultan Hassan III upon returning to Maldives.
|
| السلطان Hasan III
|
1467 |
1468 |
Second reign.
|
| السلطان Mohamed II
|
1468 |
1480 |
Son of Sultan Hasan III.
|
| السلطان Hassan IV
|
1480 |
1480 |
Son of Sultan Mohamed II. Deposed by Omar II.
|
| السلطان Omar II
|
1480 |
1484 |
Son of Sultan Yoosuf II.
|
| السلطان Hassan V
|
1484 |
1485 |
Son of Sultan Omar II.
|
| السلطان Hassan IV
|
1485 |
1491 |
Second reign.
|
| Sultan Hassan VI |
1491 |
1492 |
Grandson of Sultan Aboobakuru I.
|
| Sultan Ibrahim II |
1492 |
1492 |
Son of Omar II.
|
| Sultan Kalu Mohamed |
1492 |
1492 |
Son of Sultan Omar II. Deposed by his brother Yoosuf.
|
| Sultan Yoosuf III |
1492 |
1493 |
Son of Sultan Omar II.
|
| Sultan Ali II |
1493 |
1495 |
Grandson of Sultan Hassan I.
|
| Sultan Kalu Mohamed |
1495 |
1510 |
Second reign. Son of Sultan Omar II Deposed for a second time, this time by his nephew Hassan.
|
| Sultan Hassan VII |
1510 |
1511 |
Son of Sultan Yoosuf III.
|
| Sultan Sharif Ahmed |
1511 |
1513 |
An Arab from Mecca. Possible descendant of Muhammad.
|
| Sultan Ali III |
1513 |
1513 |
Killed in a duel with his sister Burecca (Buraki Raani). Grandson of Sultan Aboobakuru I.Son of Mohamed Farhana Kalo and Recca daughter of Aboobakuru I
|
| Sultan Kalu Mohamed |
1513 |
1529 |
Third accession assisted by his wife princess (later queen) Burecca who killed her brother Ali III
|
| Sultan Hassan VIII |
1529 |
1549 |
Son of Sultan Kalu Mohamed and Fatuma Dio, a concubine from Shiraz in Persia.
|
| Sultan Mohamed III |
1549 |
1551 |
Assassinated by his brother Hassan succeeded him. Son of Golhavahi Aysha Rani Kilege and Omar Maafaiy Kilege son of Kalu Mohamed and Aysha Rani Kilege daughter of Korari Kilege. Therefore, Grandson of Sultan Kalu Mohamed.
|
| Sultan Hassan IX |
1551 |
1552 |
Brother of Mohamed III. He was the first Maldivian and only member of its royalty to renounce Islam and convert to Christianity. He was deposed upon conversion, and known subsequently by the Lusitanian name of Dom Manoel.
|
| Interregnum |
1552 |
1554 |
Maldives ruled by a Council of Ministers.
|
| Sultan Aboobakuru II |
1554 |
1557 |
Son of Ibrahim Faarhana Kilege and Sanfa Dio. Former Prime Minister to Dom Manoel.
|
| Sultan Ali IV |
1557 |
1558 |
Killed in battle. Son of Prime Minister Abdur Rahman Dorhimeyna Kaloge and Sitti Rani Kilege. He was married to Princess Aysha Rani Kilege, aunt of Dom Manoel and daughter of Kalu Mohamed.
|
| King Dom Manoel |
1558 |
1573 |
Restored as the king. Formerly known as Sultan Hassan IX. A Maldivian Catholic named Andiri Andirin acted as his regent, while Manoel lived in Goa.
|
| Interregnum |
1573 |
1573 |
Maldives ruled by Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan of Utheemu after he assassinated Andiri Andirin, the regent of King Dom Manoel. As per a treaty he got refuge from Ali Raja of Cannanore, Mohamed Thakurufan's base of operation was Minicoy under the sovereignty of Cannanore. Keteeb Mohamed Thakurufan did not honour this promise. The Ali Raja demanded dominion over the Maldives, as promised to him by the Kateeb of Uteem.
The nature of the relationship between Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan and the Ali Raja of Cannanore was outlined in a letter sent by a later Ali Raja, Mariambe Ali-Adi Raja Bibi, to the Sultan Mohamed Mueenuddine I of the Maldives. The letter was dated Friday 17 Jamada-el-oula Anno Hegirae 1243 (7 December AD 1827). According to the letter Mohamed Thakurufan had entered into a treaty ceding sovereignty of the Maldives to the Ali Raja of Cannanore in the event Thakurufan was established in power in Male. (refer page 294 of Divehi Tarikh).
|
| King Dom Manoel |
1573 |
1583 |
Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan concluded a Treaty with King Dom Manoel in order to ward off the Ali Raja of Cannanore with whose help the Kateeb seized power in Male.
Under the treaty, Dom Manoel was restored but remained in Goa. The co-regents were Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan of Utheem and his brother Hassan Thakurufan. The kateeb conferred on himself the title of sultan in 1583 upon Dom Manoel's death. This was in breach of the Treaty and was not legally binding.
|
| King Dom João |
1583 |
1603 |
Son of King Manoel, who remained in Goa. He had two brothers, Dom Francisco and Dom Pedro. Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan and his brother Hassan Thakurufan ruled for King Dom João as co-regents. Kateeb Mohamed Thakurufan assumed the title of Sultan following the death of King Dom Manoel. He married a Portuguese Christian noblewoman, Donna Francisca Vasconelles and had two children, Dom Philippe and Dona Inez.
Ibrahim, also known as Kalaafaan (literally "Lord") was the de facto sultan, but legally the regent of Kings Dom João and Dom Philippe who resided in Goa. He reigned from
1585 to 1609. Son of Mohamed Thakurufan, kateeb of Utheemu and Rehendiye Goyye daughter of Cat Fatima of Boarhi Woods in Baarah.
Ibrahim Kalaafaan was the regent at the time of Pyrard's detainment in the Maldives after the shipwreck.
|
| King Dom Philippe |
1603 |
1632 |
Son of King Dom João and Donna Francisca Vasconelles. Hussain Faamuladeyri Kilege acted as regent from 1609 to 1620. Muhammad Imaduddin I acted as regent from 1620 to 1632. De-recognised in the Maldives after an abortive expedition with Portuguese assistance in order to abolish regency and assume power.
|
Utheemu Dynasty
| Name
|
Monarch From
|
Monarch Until
|
Notes
|
| السلطان Muhammad Imaduddin I
|
1632 |
1648 |
Legally proclaimed sultan in 1632 former regent for King Dom Philippe.
|
| السلطان Ibrahim Iskandar I
|
1648 |
1687 |
Son of Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin I.
|
| Sultan Kuda Muhammad |
1687 |
1691 |
Son of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar I. His mother Princess Maryam acted as regent due to his age. Killed with his mother while at sea in an explosion.
|
| Sultan Muhammad Mohyeddine |
1691 |
1692 |
Re-established the Islamic penal code. Son of Daravandu Kadida Dio and Abu Naibu Hassan Dorhimeyna Kilege son of the Regent Hussain Famuladeyri Kilege.
|
Hamawi Dynasty
| Name
|
Monarch From
|
Monarch Until
|
Notes
|
| Sultan Muhammad Shamsuddeen I |
1692 |
1692 |
Arab mentor of Sultan Muhammad Mohyeddine. He first visited Male during the reign of Ibrahim Iskandar I. He was Probably poisoned to death. He coutuned the re-establishment of the Islamic Penal code held by the previous Sultan Muhammad Mohyeddine and assigned Scholars to teach in Mosques. In his Sultanate Maldives was very peaceful and citizens became educated and religious. (refer page 67 to 69 of Divehi Tarikh)
|
Isdhoo Dynasty
| Name
|
Monarch From
|
Monarch Until
|
Notes
|
| Sultan Mohamed IV |
1692 |
1701 |
First Sultan of the Isdhoo Dynasty. Son of Ali Mafahaiy Kilege of Devvadu and Kakuni Dio. Probably poisoned to death by his successor.
|
| Sultan Ali V |
1701 |
1701 |
Son of Ibrahim Shah Bandar Kilege of Isdu and Aysha Dio.
|
| Sultan Hasan X |
1701 |
1701 |
Son of Sultan Ali V. Deposed by his cousin Ibrahim Mudzhiruddine. He is not listed in Radhavalhi, the official chronicle.
|
| Sultan Ibrahim Mudzhiruddine |
1701 |
1704 |
Cousin of Sultan Hasan X. Deposed by his Prime Minister Muhammad Imaduddin during the regency of his spouse, Fatima Kabafa'anu, while on the Hajj pilgrimage.
|
Dhiyamigili Dynasty
| Name
|
Monarch From
|
Monarch Until
|
Notes
|
| Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin II |
1704 |
1720 |
Prime Minister to Sultan Ibrahim Mudzhiruddine. First of the Dhiyamigili Dynasty.Son of Ibrahim Dorhimeyna Kaloge and Amina Dio.
|
| Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar II |
1720 |
1750 |
Son of Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin II and Amina Dio of Fenfushi.
|
| Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin III |
1750 |
1757 |
Son of Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin II and Amina Dio of Fenfushi. Held captive on Kavaratti island from 1752 until his death in 1757. In 1752 he was seized by the Ali Raja of Cannanore and transported to Kavaratti island in the Laccadives. Male was occupied. The occupation was ended by Muleegey Dom Hassan Maniku, a direct descendant of the penultimate Christian King Joao. The sultan died in captivity. During this time Maldives was ruled by the captive sultan’s niece Amina I of Maldives and his daughter, Amina II. The de facto regent was Muleegey Dom Hassan Maniku.
|
| Sultana Amina I
|
1753 |
1754 |
Daughter of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar II. Amina assumed the role of the ruler (regent) of Maldives in 1753 after Male was recaptured from the Malabars after 17 weeks of occupation. She was the daughter of Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar II and Aisha Manikfan. She abdicated the throne and moved to Addu Atoll in the south. She was later banished to various islands and eventually became the Ruler of Maldives for the second time as the regent during the reign of her younger brother Sultan Mohamed Ghiyasuddin in 1773. Her husband Ali Shahbandar took power during her second regency, and Dhiyamigili Dynasty lost the throne in the cascade of events that followed. Mohamed Manikfaan of Huraa usurped the throne and later abdicated in favour of his nephew who became Sultan Muizzuddin. Amina and her husband were banished to a remote island in Laamu Atoll.
|
| Sultana Amina II
|
1757 |
1759 |
Daughter of Sultan Muhammad Imaduddin III. Amina succeeded her cousin in 1754 as nominal regent for her absent father the age of nine, while Muleegey Hassan Manikfaan managed the political affairs as de facto regent. Her father died in 1757 in Minicoy, after which she formally became monarch and queen regnant. In 1759 Sultan Hassan Izzuddin became monarch because the citizens did not approve of a young female as their head.
|
Huraa dynasty
| Name
|
Monarch From
|
Monarch Until
|
Notes
|
| السلطان Hasan 'Izz ud-din
|
1759 |
1766 |
First Sultan of the Huraa Dynasty. Son of Amina Dio daughter of Mohamed Kateeb of Muli and Huraa Mohamed Faamuladeyri Thakurufan.
|
Dhiyamigili dynasty (restored)
| Name
|
Monarch From
|
Monarch Until
|
Notes
|
| السلطان Muhammed Ghiya'as ud-din
|
1766 |
1774 |
Son of Ibrahim Iskandar II. Deposed while on the Hajj pilgrimage
|
أسرة هورا (الاستعادة الأولى)
| Name
|
Monarch From
|
Monarch Until
|
Notes
|
| السلطان Muhammad Shamsuddeen II
|
1774 |
1774 |
Uncle of Sultan Hasan 'Izz ud-din.
|
| السلطان Muhammad Mu'iz ud-din
|
1774 |
1779 |
Son of Sultan Hasan 'Izz ud-din.
|
| السلطان Hassan Nooraddeen I
|
1779 |
1799 |
Brother of Sultan Muhammad Mu'iz ud-din.
|
| السلطان Muhammad Mueenuddeen I
|
1799 |
1835 |
Son of Sultan Hassan Nooraddeen I.
|
| السلطان Muhammad Imaaduddeen IV
|
1835 |
1882 |
Son of Sultan Muhammad Mueenuddeen I.
|
| السلطان Ibrahim Nooraddeen
|
1882 |
1886 |
Abdicated in favour of his nephew Muhammad Mueenuddeen.
|
| السلطان Muhammad Mueenuddeen II
|
1886 |
1888 |
Abdicated in favour of his uncle the former Sultan Ibrahim Nooraddeen.
|
| السلطان Ibrahim Nooraddeen
|
1888 |
1892 |
Second reign.
|
| السلطان محمد عماد الدين الخامس
|
1892 |
1893 |
His cousin Hassan Nooreddine Maandhoogey Manippulu acted as his regent due to his age. The regent abdicated in his name in favour of his older half brother.
|
| السلطان محمد شمس الدين الثالث
|
1893 |
1893 |
Brother of Sultan Muhammad Imaaduddeen V. His cousin Hassan Nooreddine Maandhoogey Manippulu acted as his regent due to his age. His cousin abdicated in his name and assumed the throne himself.
|
| السلطان محمد عماد الدين السادس
|
1893 |
1902 |
Former regent for Sultans Muhammad Imaaduddeen V and Muhammad Shamsuddeen III. Deposed while in the Ottoman Empire.
|
| السلطان محمد شمس الدين الثالث
|
1902 |
1934 |
Second reign which ended when he was deposed and exiled.
|
| السلطان حسن نور الدين الثاني
|
1935 |
1943 |
أُجبر على التنازل عن العرش.
|
| شغور العرش |
1944 |
1952 |
عبد المجيد الديدي was elected Sultan but was never installed and continued to live in Sri Lanka. Maldives ruled by Council of Regency headed for a time by former Sultan Hassan Nooraddeen II. Following the death of Abdul Majeed, and after a national referendum, the Maldives became a republic.
|
جمهورية المالديڤ الأولى
للمزيد من المعلومات: رئيس المالديڤ
أسرة هورا (الاستعادة الثانية)
| الاسم
|
ملك منذ
|
ملك حتى
|
ملاحظات
|
| السلطان Muhammad Fareed Didi
|
1954 |
1968 |
Grandson of Muhammad Mueenuddeen II. Took the title of King in 1965, when the British protectorate of the Maldives ended. Deposed by a national referendum which decided to replace the sultanate with a republic.
|
جمهورية المالديڤ الثانية
للمزيد من المعلومات: رئيس المالديڤ
انظر أيضاً
- تاريخ المالديڤ
- رئيس المالديڤ
المراجع
- Official website of the Maldives Royal Family
- Royal Ark
- Worldstatesmen
- Allama Ahmed Shihabuddine (original work in Arabic, translated to Dhivehi by Dhoondeyri Don Maniku), Kitab fi Athaari Meedoo el-Qadimiyyeh. Male'
