خر
| Marten | |
|---|---|
| European Pine Marten | |
| التصنيف الفهمي | |
| مملكة: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | ثدييات |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Suborder: | Caniformia |
| Family: | Mustelidae |
| Subfamily: | Mustelinae |
| Genus: |
''Martes'' Pinel, 1792 |
Marten ranges:
| |
الـخر martens هوجنس Martes within the subfamily Mustelinae, in the family Mustelidae. Martens are slender, agile animals, adapted to living in taigas, and are found in coniferous and northern deciduous forests across the northern hemisphere. They have bushy tails, and large paws with partially retractible claws. The fur varies from yellowish to dark brown, depending on the species, and, in many cases, is valued by fur trappers.
غذاؤه
Martens are omnivorous animals related to wolverines, minks, badgers, ferrets, and weasels. Their diet consists of squirrels, mice, rabbits, birds, fish, insects, and eggs, and they will also eat fruit and nuts when these are available.
السلوك
Martens are solitary animals, meeting only to breed in late spring or early summer. Litters of up to five blind and nearly hairless kits are born in early spring. They are weaned after around two months, and leave the mother to fend for themselves at about three to four months of age. Due to their habit of seeking warm and dry places, and to gnaw on soft materials, martens cause damage to soft plastic and rubber parts in cars costing many tens of millions Euro in central Europe, thus leading to the offering of marten damage insurance, marten-proofing, and electronic repellent devices.
الأنواع
Recent DNA research has shown that the genus Martes is in fact polyphyletic, placing Martes pennanti and Martes americana outside the genus and allying it with Eira and Gulo, to form a new New World clade. The genus first evolved up to seven million years ago during the Pliocene era.
- American Marten (Martes americana)
- Newfoundland Pine Marten (Martes americana atrata)
- Yellow-throated Marten (Martes flavigula)
- Beech Marten (Martes foina)
- Nilgiri Marten (Martes gwatkinsii)
- Pine Marten (Martes martes)
- Japanese Marten (Martes melampus)
- Fisher (Martes pennanti)
- Sable (Martes zibellina)
اشارات ثقافية
كرواتيا
In the Middle Ages, marten pelts were highly valued goods used as a form of payment in Slavonia, the Croatian Littoral, and Dalmatia. Coin struck Banovac included the image of marten. The Croatian word for marten, kuna, is the name of the modern Croatian currency. A marten is depicted on the obverse of the 1, 2, andخمسة kuna coins, minted since 1993, and on the reverse of the 25 kuna commemorative coins.
A running marten is shown on the coat of arms of Slavonia and subsequently on modern design of the Coat of arms of Croatia. Official seal of Croatian Sabor from 1497 until the late 18th century had similar design.
فنلندا
The Finnish communications company Nokia derives its name, via the river Nokianvirta, from a type of marten locally known as the nokia.
معرض صور
Martes flavigula, yellow-throated marten, تايلند
الهامش
- ^ Powell, Roger (1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 118–119. ISBN .
- ^ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/43330041/ns/us_news-weird_news/
- ^ http://www.mardersicher.de/marderinfo.html
- ^ http://www.dreyer-kfz.de/?page_id=444
- ^ http://www.adac.de/infotestrat/unfall-schaeden-und-panne/schaeden-durch-tiere/default.aspx
- ^ http://www.svv.ch/de/konsumenten/fragen-an-die-versicherungen/die-haeufigsten-fragen/marderschaeden-am-auto-wie-ist-das-v
- ^ Flynn JJ, Finarelli JA, Zehr S, Hsu J, Nedbal MA (April 2005). "Molecular phylogeny of the carnivora (mammalia): assessing the impact of increased sampling on resolving enigmatic relationships". Syst. Biol. 54 (2): 317–37. doi:10.1080/10635150590923326. JSTOR 20061233. PMID 16012099.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ Croatian National Bank. First Money — History of the Croatian Currency: Kuna and lipa — the Croatian Currency. – Retrieved on 31 March 2009.
- ^ Croatian National Bank. Kuna and Lipa, Coins of Croatia: 1 Kuna Coin, 2 Kuna Coin,خمسة Kuna Coin, & Commemorative 25 Kuna Coins in Circulation. – Retrieved on 31 March 2009.
- ^ Mario Jareb (2010). Hrvatski nacionalni simboli (Eng.: Croatian National Symbols). ISBN .
- ^ Story of Nokia, retrieved on the 17 July 2013
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