القاصد الرسولي
نطقب:Catholic Church hierarchy sidebar A papal legate or Apostolic legate (from the Ancient Roman title legatus) is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic Church. He is empowered on matters of Catholic Faith and for the settlement of ecclesiastical matters.
The legate is appointed directly by the pope (the bishop of Rome, head of the Catholic Church and (historically) head of state of the papal states). Hence a legate is usually sent to a government, a sovereign or to a large body of believers (such as a national church) or to take charge of a major religious effort, such as an (ecumenical) council, a crusade to the Holy Land, or even against a heresy such as the Cathars.
The term legation is applied both to a legate's mandate and to the territory concerned (such as a state, or an ecclesiastical province). The relevant adjective is legatine.
History
This section requires expansion with: history in early Church to 1300, and material other than English and Wolsey. (April 2016)
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Diplomatic Ranks
There are several ranks of papal legates in diplomacy, some of which are no longer used.
Apostolic nuncio
Pro-nuncio
Apostolic delegate
For countries with which the Holy See has no diplomatic relations, an apostolic delegate is sent to serve as a liaison with the Catholic Church in that country, though not accredited to its government.
Legati
Legatus a latere
This highest rank (literally "from the (Pope's) side", i.e. "intimately" trusted) is normally awarded to a priest of cardinal rank.
Legatus natus
Literally "born legate", i.e. not nominated individually but ex officio, namely a bishop holding this rank as a privilege of his see, e.g. archbishops of Canterbury (pre-Reformation), Prague, Esztergom, Udine, Salzburg, Gniezno and Cologne.
Legatus missus
Literally "sent legate"
Gubernatorial legates
Some administrative (temporal) provinces of the Papal states in (mostly central) Italy were governed by a Papal Legate. This has been the case in Benevento, in Pontecorvo (of Campagna e Marittima/ of Frosinone) and in Viterbo. In four cases, including Bologna, this post was awarded exclusively to Cardinals; the Velletri post was created for Bartolommeo Pacca.
The title could be changed to Apostolic Delegate, as happened in Frosinone (for Pontecorvo) in 1827.
Citations
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^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
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^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
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انظر أيضاً
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Papal legations. |
- Papal diplomacy
- Nuncio – an envoy whose diplomatic status is recognized by the receiving state – usually a titular archbishop.
- Internuncio – a lower rank than Nuncio for a papal diplomatic representative, a title historically used at a time when states sent to some less important countries diplomatic representatives, called Envoys or Ministers, lower in rank than Ambassadors.
- Papal apocrisiarius
- List of papal legates to England
- Other
- Pontifical legate
References
- Catholic Encyclopedia: Legate
- WorldStatesmen - Italy to 1860 - Papal State
- Maseri, Pellegrino (1709). (in Latin). Rome: Plachus.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Langhaider, Konstantin (1785). (in Latin). None given: None given.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Schott, Johann (1778). (in Latin). Bamberg: Klietsch.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Heidemann, Josef (1904). (in German). Munster: Westfalische Vereinsdruckerei.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Wynen, Arthur (1922). . Das Völkerrecht, Heftعشرة (in German). Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Paro, Gino (1947). . Washington DC USA: Catholic University of America Press.
- Wasner, Franz (1958). "Fifteenth-century texts on the Ceremonial of the papal 'Legatus a latere'". Traditio. 14: 295–358. JSTOR 27830370. (Registration required (help)).
- Wasner, Franz (1960). "'Legatus a latere': addenda varia". Traditio. 16: 405–416. JSTOR 27830415. (Registration required (help)).
- Harvey, Margaret M. (1993). . Manchester UK: Manchester University Press. ISBN .
- Gillett, Andrew (2003). . Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN .
- Melnyk, Roman A. (2009). . Lewiston NY USA: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN .
- Rennie, Kriston R. (2013). . Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire UK: Palgrave Macmillan UK. ISBN .
