حملة أطلنطا

حملة أطلنطا; Atlanta Campaign
	جزء من الحرب الأهلية الأمريكية
	; Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman and his staff in the trenches outside of Atlanta
التاريخ	7 مايو– 2 سبتمبر 1864
المسقط	Northwestern Georgia and around Atlanta ; Coordinates:
النتيجة	فوز الاتحاد
الخصوم
الولايات المتحدة	الولايات الكونفدرالية
القادة والزعماء
William T. Sherman	Joseph E. Johnston; replaced in July by John B. Hood
الوحدات المشاركة
Military Division of the Mississippi: Army of the Cumberland; Army of the Ohio; Army of the Tennessee;	Army of Tennessee
القوات
81,758–112,819	Beginning- 60.000 Infantry, 11,000 cavalry, 7,000 Artillery
الخسائر
31,687;; (4,423 killed,; 22,822 wounded,; 4,442 missing/captured)	34,979;; (3,044 killed,; 18,952 wounded,; 12,983 missing/captured)

نطقب:Campaignbox Atlanta Campaign

حملة أطلنطا Atlanta Campaign كانت سلسلة من المعارك التي نشبت في المسرح الغربي للحرب الأهلية الأمريكية في شمال غرب ولاية جورجيا والمنطقة المحيطة بأطلنطا في صيف 1864. ميجر جنرال الجيش الاتحادي وليام تكمسه شرمان غزا جورجيا من جوار تشتانوگا، تنسي، بدءاً من مايو1864، في لقاءة جنرال الجيش الكونفدرالي جوسف جونستون.

جيش تنسي، بقيادة جونستون، انسحب باتجاه أطلنطا في وجه مناورات التفاف متتالية من مجموعة جيوش شرمان. وفي يوليو، قام الرئيس الكونفدرالي جفرسون ديڤس، باستبدال جونستون بالجنرال الأكثر عدائية جون بل هود، الذي بدأ في تحدي الجيش الاتحادي في سلسلة من الهجمات الأمامية الباهظة. وفي النهاية حوصر جيش هود في أطلنطا وسقطت المدينة في 2 سبتمبر، ممهدة الساحة لبدء مسيرة شرمان إلى البحر والتعجيل بنهاية الحرب.

الخلفية

الوضع العسكري

حملة أطلنطا اتىت في أعقاب فوز الاتحاديين في المعارك من أجل تشتانوگا في نوفمبر 1863؛ وكانت تشتانوگا تـُعهد بإسم "بوابة الجنوب"، وقد فتح الاستيلاء عليها تلك البوابة. بعد ترقية يولسيس گرانت إلى القائد العام لكل جيوش الاتحاد، فقد هجر مرؤوسه المفضل منذ أيام قيادته للمسرح الغربي، وليام شرمان، مسئولاً عن الجيوش الغربية. Grant's strategy was to apply pressure against the Confederacy in several coordinated offensives. While he, George G. Meade, Benjamin Butler, Franz Sigel, George Crook, and William W. Averell advanced in Virginia against Robert E. Lee, and Nathaniel Banks attempted to capture Mobile, Alabama, Sherman was assigned the mission of defeating Johnston's army, capturing Atlanta, and striking through Georgia and the Confederate heartland.

القوات المتقابلة

الاتحاد

Principal Union commanders
Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson Maj. Gen. John Schofield Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard

الكونفدراليون

Principal Confederate commanders
Gen. Joseph E. Johnston Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood Lt. Gen. William J. Hardee Lt. Gen. Leonidas Polk Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler

الملخص

May 1 – September 8, 1864.
Date	Event
May 1, 1864	Skirmish at Stone Church.
May 2, 1864	Skirmish at Lee's Cross-Roads, near Tunnel Hill.
May 2, 1864	Skirmish near Ringgold Gap.
May 10, 1864	Skirmish at Catoosa Springs.
	Skirmish at Red Clay.
	Skirmish at Chickamauga Creek.
May 4, 1864	Maj. Gen. Frank P. Blair, Jr., assumes command of the Seventeenth Army Corps.
May 4, 1864	Skirmish on the Varnell's Station Road.
May 5, 1864	Skirmish near Tunnel Hill.
May 6–7, 1864	Skirmishes at Tunnel Hill.
May 7, 1864	Skirmish at Varnell's Station.
May 7, 1864	Skirmish near Nickajack Gap.
May 8–11, 1864	Demonstration against Rocky Face Ridge, with combats at Buzzard Roost or Mill Creek Gap, and Dug Gap.
May 8–13, 1864	Demonstration against Resaca, with combats at Snake Creek Gap, Sugar Valley, and near Resaca.
May 9–13, 1864	Demonstration against Dalton, with combats near Varnell's Station (9th and 12th) and at Dalton (13th).
May 13, 1864	Skirmish at Tilton.
May 14–15, 1864	Battle of Resaca.
May 15, 1864	Skirmish at Armuchee Creek.
May 15, 1864	Skirmish near Rome.
May 16, 1864	Skirmish near Calhoun.
	Action at Rome (or Parker's) Cross-Roads.
	Skirmish at Floyd's Spring.
May 17, 1864	Engagement at Adairsville.
	Action at Rome.
	Affair at Madison Station, Ala.
May 18, 1864	Skirmish at Pine Log Creek.
May 18–19, 1864	Combats near Kingston.
May 18–19, 1864	Combats near Cassville.
May 20, 1864	Skirmish at Etowah River, near Cartersville.
May 23, 1864	Action at Stilesborough.
May 24, 1864	Skirmishes at Cass Station and Cassville. Skirmish at Burnt Hickory (or Huntsville).
May 24, 1864	Skirmish near Dallas.
May 25 – June 5, 1864	Operations on the line of Pumpkin Vine Creek, with combats at New Hope Church, Pickett's Mills, and other points.
May 26 – June 1, 1864	Combats at and about Dallas.
May 27, 1864	Skirmish at Pond Springs, Ala.
May 29, 1864	Action at Moulton, Ala.
June 9, 1864	Skirmishes near Big Shanty and near Stilesborough.
June 10, 1864	Skirmish at Calhoun.
Juneعشرة – July 3, 1864	Operations about Marietta, with combats at Pine Hill, Lost Mountain, Brush Mountain, Gilgal Church, Noonday Creek, McAfee's Cross-Roads, Kennesaw Mountain, Powder Springs, Cheney's Farm, Kolb's Farm,Olley's Creek, Nicka-jack Creek, Noyes' Creek, and other points. Popular general Leonidas Polk killed.
June 24, 1864	Action at La Fayette.
July 4, 1864	Skirmishes at Ruff's Mill, Neal Dow Station, and Rottenwood Creek.
July 5–17, 1864	Operations on the line of the Chattahoochee River, with skirmishes at Howell's, Turner's, and Pace's Ferries, Isham's Ford, and other points.
July 10–22, 1864	Rousseau's raid from Decatur, Ala., to the West Point and Montgomery Railroad, with skirmishes near Coosa River (13th), near Greenpoint and at Ten Island Ford (14th), near Auburn, Ala and near Chehaw, Ala (18th).
July 18, 1864	Skirmish at Buck Head.
July 18, 1864	General John B. Hood, C. S. Army, supersedes General Joseph E. Johnston in command of the Army of Tennessee. Confederate Army Command Changed
July 19, 1864	Skirmishes on Peachtree Creek.
July 20, 1864	Battle of Peachtree Creek.
July 21, 1864	Engagement at Bald (or Leggett's) Hill.
July 22, 1864	Battle of Atlanta.
July 22, 1864	Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, U.S. Army, succeeds Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson in command of the Army of the Tennessee.
July 22–24, 1864	Garrard's raid to Covington.
July 23, 1864	Brig. Gen.Morgan L. Smith, U.S. Army, in temporary command of the Fifteenth Army Corps.
July 23 – August 25, 1864	Operations about Atlanta, including Battle of Ezra Church (July 28), assault at Utoy Creek (August 6), and other combats.
July 24, 1864	Skirmish near Cartersville.
July 27, 1864	Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard, U.S. Army, assumes command of the Army of the Tennessee.
	Maj. Gen. John A. Logan, U.S. Army, resumes command of the Fifteenth Army Corps.
	Maj. Gen. David S. Stanley, U.S. Army, succeeds Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard in command of the Fourth Army Corps.
	Brig. Gen. Alpheus S. Williams, U.S. Army, succeeds Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker in temporary command of the Twentieth Army Corps.
July 27–31, 1864	McCook's raid on the Atlanta and West Point and Macon and Western Railroads, with skirmishes near Campbellton (28th), near Lovejoy's Station (29th), at Clear Creek (30th), and action near Newnan (30th).
July 27–31, 1864	Garrard's raid to South River, with skirmishes at Snapfinger Creek (27th), Flat Rock Bridge and Lithonia (28th).
July 27 – August 6, 1864	Stoneman's raid to Macon, with combats at Macon and Clinton (July 30), Hillsborough (July 30–31), Mulberry Creek and Jug Tavern (August 8).
July 30, 1864	Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum, U.S. Army, assigned to the command of the Twentieth Army Corps.
August 7, 1864	Brig. Gen. Richard W. Johnson, U.S. Army, succeeds Maj. Gen. John M. Palmer in temporary command of the Fourteenth Army Corps.
August 9, 1864	Bvt. Maj. Gen. Jefferson C. Davis, U.S. Army, assigned to the command of the Fourteenth Army Corps.
Augustعشرة – September 9, 1864	Wheeler's raid to North Georgia and East Tennessee, with combats at Dalton (August 14–15) and other points.
August 15, 1864	Skirmishes at Sandtown and Fairburn.
August 18–22, 1864	Kilpatrick's raid from Sandtown to Lovejoy's Station, with combats at Camp Creek (18th), Red Oak (19th), Flint River (19th), Jonesborough (19th), and Lovejoy's Station (20th).
August 22, 1864	Bvt. Maj. Gen. Jefferson C. Davis, U.S. Army, assumes command of the Fourteenth Army Corps.
August 26 – September 1, 1864	Operations at the Chattahoochee railroad bridge and at Pace's and Turner's Ferries, with skirmishes.
August 27, 1864	Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum, U.S. Army, assumes command of the Twentieth Army Corps.
August 29, 1864	Skirmish near Red Oak.
August 30, 1864	Skirmish near East Point.
August 30, 1864	Action at Flint River Bridge.
August 31, 1864	Skirmish near Rough and Ready Station.
August 31 – September 1, 1864	Battle of Jonesborough.
September 2, 1864	Union occupation of Atlanta.
September 2–5, 1864	Actions at Lovejoy's Station.

Battles

Sherman vs. Johnston

Map of the Atlanta Campaign (Mayسبعة – September 2, 1864). ██ Confederate ██ Union

ATLANTA CAMPAIGN, Union advance: Chattanooga to Etowah (May 7–19, 1864).

ATLANTA CAMPAIGN, Union advance: Etowah River to Jonesboro (May 23 – September 2, 1864).

Notes

Notes

Citations

^ Further information: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVIII, Part 1, pages 89–114
^ Further information: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVIII, Part 3, pages 638–675
^ Effective strength of the army under Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman, during the campaign against Atlanta, Ga., 1864: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVIII, Part 1, pages 115–117
^ Strength of the confederate forces: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVIII, Part 3, pages 675–683
^ OR Series 1, Volume 38 (Part I), pp. 52–54

== المراجع ==* Bonds, Russell S. War Like the Thunderbolt: The Battle and Burning of Atlanta. Yardley, PA: Westholme Publishing, 2009. ISBN 978-1-59416-100-1.

Castel, Albert. Decision in the West: The Atlanta Campaign of 1864. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1992. ISBN 0-7006-0748-X.
Eicher, David J. The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. ISBN 0-684-84944-5.
Esposito, Vincent J. West Point Atlas of American Wars. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959. OCLC 5890637. The collection of maps (without explanatory text) is available online at the West Point website^[].
Foote, Shelby. The Civil War: A Narrative. Vol. 3, Red River to Appomattox. New York: Random House, 1974. ISBN 0-394-74913-8.
Kennedy, Frances H., ed. ^[]. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. ISBN 0-395-74012-6.
McDonough, James Lee, and James Pickett Jones. War so Terrible: Sherman and Atlanta. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1987, ISBN 0-393-02497-0.
McKay, John E. "Atlanta Campaign." In Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History, edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. ISBN 0-393-04758-X.
Welcher, Frank J. The Union Army, 1861–1865 Organization and Operations. Vol. 2, The Western Theater. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. ISBN 0-253-36454-X.
National Park Service battle descriptions

Memoirs and primary sources

Sherman, William T., Memoirs of General W.T. Sherman, 2nd ed., D. Appleton & Co., 1913 (1889). Reprinted by the Library of America, 1990, ISBN 978-0-940450-65-3.
U.S. War Department, : a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.

للاستزادة

Bailey, Anne J. The Chessboard of War: Sherman and Hood in the Atlanta Campaign of 1864. (University of Nebraska Press, 2000). ISBN 978-0-8032-1273-2.
Davis, Stephen. A Long and Bloody Task: The Atlanta Campaign from Dalton through Kennesaw Mountain to the Chattahoochee River, Mayخمسة – July 18, 1864. Emerging Civil War Series. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2016. ISBN 978-1-61121-317-1.
Davis, Stephen. All the Fighting They Want: The Atlanta Campaign from Peachtree Creek to the City's Surrender, July 18 – September 2, 1864. Emerging Civil War Series. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2017. ISBN 978-1-61121-319-5.
Evans, David. Sherman's Horsemen: Union Cavalry Operations in the Atlanta Campaign. (Indiana University Press, 1996). ISBN 0-253-32963-9.
Hess, Earl J. Kennesaw Mountain: Sherman, Johnston and the Atlanta Campaign. (University of North Carolina Press, 2013). ISBN 978-1-4696-0211-0.
Hood, Stephen M. John Bell Hood: The Rise, Fall, and Resurrection of a Confederate General. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2013. ISBN 978-1-61121-140-5.
Jenkins Sr., Robert D. To the Gates of Atlanta: From Kennesaw Mountain to Peach Tree Creek, July 1–19, 1864 (Mercer University Press, 2015) xxiv, 378 pp.
Luvaas, Jay, and Harold W. Nelson, eds. Guide to the Atlanta Campaign: Rocky Face Ridge to Kennesaw Mountain. (University Press of Kansas, 2008). ISBN 978-0-7006-1570-4.
Savas, Theodore P., and David A. Woodbury, eds. The Campaign for Atlanta & Sherman's March to the Sea: Essays on the American Civil War in Georgia, 1864. 2 vols. Campbell, CA: Savas Woodbury, 1994. ISBN 978-1-882810-26-0.

وصلات خارجية

Atlanta Campaign maps, May أربعة – July 8
Atlanta Campaign maps, July 20 – September 3
Operation Reports – Series 1, Volume XXXVIII – part 1 – Summary of the Principal Events, pp 52–54
Animated History of the Atlanta Campaign
1st Minnesota Light Artillery in the Atlanta Campaign
The Civil War in Georgia as told by its historic markers – Engagement at Bald (or Leggett's) Hill July 21, 1863
Who Burned Atlanta?
Atlanta as Left by Our Troops
Fort X
82nd Ohio casualties

نطقب:Georgia in the Civil War نطقب:American Civil War campaigns in the Western Theater

نطقب:Atlanta history