گالڤستون، تكساس
Galveston, Texas | ||
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City | ||
| City of Galveston | ||
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Downtown Galveston in June 2011
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| Nickname(s): The Oleander City
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Location in Galveston County in the state of Texas
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| الإحداثيات: Coordinates: | ||
| Country |  الولايات المتحدة |
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| State |
 تكساس
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| County | Galveston | |
| Incorporated | 1839 | |
| الحكم | ||
| • النوع | Council–manager | |
| • Mayor | James D. Yarbrough | |
| • City Manager | Brian Maxwell | |
| المساحة | ||
| • الإجمالية | 208٫3 ميل² (539٫6 كم²) | |
| • البر | 46٫1 ميل² (119٫5 كم²) | |
| • الماء | 162٫2 ميل² (420٫1 كم²) | |
| الارتفاع | 7 ft (2 m) | |
| التعداد(2010) | ||
| • الإجمالي | 47٬743 | |
| • الكثافة | 1٬240/sq mi (478٫9/km2) | |
| • Demonym | Galvestonian | |
| منطقة التوقيت | CST (التوقيت العالمي المنسق-6) | |
| • الصيفي | CDT (UTC-5) | |
| ZIP codes | 77550-77555 | |
| مفتاح الهاتف | 409 | |
| FIPS code | 48-28068 | |
| GNIS feature ID | 1377745 | |
| المسقط الإلكتروني | cityofgalveston.org | |
گالڤستون Galveston // هي مدينة ساحلية تقع في جزيرة گالڤستون وجزيرة پليكان في ولاية تكساس. The community of 208.3 ميل مربعs (539 kم2), with its population of 47,762 people (2012 Census estimate), is the county seat and second-largest municipality of Galveston County. It is located within Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area.
Named after Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez (born in Málaga, Spain), Galveston's first European settlements on the island were constructed around 1816 by French pirate Louis-Michel Aury to help the fledgling Republic of Mexico fight Spain. The Port of Galveston was established in 1825 by the Congress of Mexico following its successful independence from Spain. The city served as the main port for the Texas Navy during the Texas Revolution, and later served as the capital of the Republic of Texas.
During the 19th century, Galveston became a major U.S. commercial center and one of the largest ports in the الولايات المتحدة. It was devastated by the 1900 Galveston Hurricane, whose effects included flooding and a storm surge. The natural disaster on the exposed barrier island is still ranked as the deadliest in United States history, with an estimated toll of 6,000-8,000 people.
Much of Galveston's modern economy is centered in the tourism, health care, shipping, and financial industries. The 84-أكر (340,000 م2) University of Texas Medical Branch campus with an enrollment of more than 2,500 students is a major economic force of the city. Galveston is home to six historic districts containing one of the largest and historically significant collections of 19th-century buildings with over 60 structures listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
Hurricane of 1900 and recovery
Geography
Climate
| Galveston | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| جدول الطقس (التفسير) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| بيانات مناخ Galveston, Texas (Scholes Int'l), 1981−2010 normals, extremes 1871−present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °ف (°س) | 78 (25.6) |
83 (28.3) |
87 (30.6) |
95 (35) |
94 (34.4) |
100 (37.8) |
101 (38.3) |
100 (37.8) |
104 (40) |
94 (34.4) |
85 (29.4) |
80 (26.7) |
104 (40) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °ف (°س) | 61.8 (16.56) |
64.3 (17.94) |
70.2 (21.22) |
75.9 (24.39) |
83.0 (28.33) |
88.2 (31.22) |
89.6 (32) |
90.3 (32.39) |
87.4 (30.78) |
80.6 (27) |
71.6 (22) |
63.9 (17.72) |
77٫2 (25٫11) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °ف (°س) | 48.6 (9.22) |
50.9 (10.5) |
56.6 (13.67) |
64.4 (18) |
72.3 (22.39) |
77.5 (25.28) |
79.4 (26.33) |
79.7 (26.5) |
75.9 (24.39) |
68.1 (20.06) |
58.6 (14.78) |
50.7 (10.39) |
65٫2 (18٫44) |
| الصغرى القياسية °ف (°س) | 11 (-11.7) |
8 (-13.3) |
26 (-3.3) |
38 (3.3) |
50 (10) |
57 (13.9) |
66 (18.9) |
67 (19.4) |
52 (11.1) |
39 (3.9) |
26 (-3.3) |
14 (-10) |
8 (-13٫3) |
| سقوط الأمطار inches (mm) | 4.20 (106.7) |
2.57 (65.3) |
3.16 (80.3) |
3.05 (77.5) |
4.32 (109.7) |
5.69 (144.5) |
3.80 (96.5) |
4.39 (111.5) |
6.03 (153.2) |
5.52 (140.2) |
4.51 (114.6) |
3.52 (89.4) |
50٫76 (1٬289٫3) |
| Sunshine hours | 145.7 | 163.9 | 207.7 | 225.0 | 266.6 | 297.0 | 310.0 | 279.0 | 237.0 | 238.7 | 177.0 | 151.9 | 2٬699٫5 |
| Source: NOAA The Weather Channel HKO (sun only, 1961−1990) The Washington Post (June record high) | |||||||||||||
| بيانات مناخ Galveston, Texas (COOP station), 1981−2010 normals | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى المتوسطة °ف (°س) | 61.0 (16.11) |
63.1 (17.28) |
68.6 (20.33) |
74.7 (23.72) |
81.7 (27.61) |
87.1 (30.61) |
89.2 (31.78) |
89.8 (32.11) |
86.5 (30.28) |
79.7 (26.5) |
71.3 (21.83) |
64.1 (17.83) |
76٫4 (24٫67) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °ف (°س) | 45.1 (7.28) |
47.3 (8.5) |
54.1 (12.28) |
62.0 (16.67) |
70.6 (21.44) |
76.1 (24.5) |
77.9 (25.5) |
77.8 (25.44) |
73.3 (22.94) |
66.1 (18.94) |
56.5 (13.61) |
47.3 (8.5) |
62٫8 (17٫11) |
| سقوط الأمطار inches (mm) | 3.69 (93.7) |
2.99 (75.9) |
2.85 (72.4) |
2.19 (55.6) |
3.01 (76.5) |
4.83 (122.7) |
3.85 (97.8) |
3.35 (85.1) |
5.36 (136.1) |
4.15 (105.4) |
3.42 (86.9) |
3.36 (85.3) |
43٫05 (1٬093٫5) |
| Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.01 in) | 9.8 | 8.5 | 6.9 | 5.0 | 6.1 | 7.7 | 7.7 | 6.9 | 8.0 | 7.1 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 90٫1 |
| Source: NOAA | |||||||||||||
الديمغرافيا
| التعداد التاريخي | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| التعداد | Pop. | %± | |
| 1850 | 4٬177 | — | |
| 1860 | 7٬307 | 74٫9% | |
| 1870 | 13٬818 | 89٫1% | |
| 1880 | 22٬248 | 61�0% | |
| 1890 | 29٬084 | 30٫7% | |
| 1900 | 37٬789 | 29٫9% | |
| 1910 | 36٬981 | −2٫1% | |
| 1920 | 44٬255 | 19٫7% | |
| 1930 | 52٬938 | 19٫6% | |
| 1940 | 60٬862 | 15�0% | |
| 1950 | 66٬568 | 9٫4% | |
| 1960 | 67٬175 | 0٫9% | |
| 1970 | 61٬809 | −8�0% | |
| 1980 | 61٬902 | 0٫2% | |
| 1990 | 59٬070 | −4٫6% | |
| 2000 | 57٬247 | −3٫1% | |
| 2010 | 47٬743 | −16٫6% | |
Sister cities
Galveston has five sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:
- Armavir, Armenia
- Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Veracruz, Mexico
- Stavanger, Norway
- Niigata, Japan
See also
- Galveston Movement
- History of the Jews in Galveston, Texas
- Juneteenth
- Isaac's Storm
Notes
- ^ "History of the Oleander in America... By Way of Galveston". International Oleander Society. Retrieved 2009-10-09.
- ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "Table 1: Population Estimates for the 25 Largest U.S. Cities based on July 1, 2006 Population Estimates: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006" (PDF).
- ^ Official records for Galveston were kept at an unknown location from April 1871 to August 1946, at the COOP station from September 1946 to December 1996, and at Scholes Int'l since January 1997. The temperature record only dates back to June 1874. Therefore, precipitation day normals are not currently available at Scholes Int'l. For more information, see ThreadEx.
- ^ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
- ^ "Monthly Averages for Galveston, TX". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
- ^ "Climatological Normals of Galveston". Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
- ^ Samenow, Jason (June 26, 2012). "Record setting heat wave roasts Rockies (Denver), Plains, heading east". The Washington Post.
- ^ "Station Name: TX GALVESTON". National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
- ^ "Galveston's Sister Cities". City of Galveston. Retrieved 2014-06-01.
References
- Larson, Erik. Isaac's Storm, New York: Vintage Books, 2000.
- Hardwick, Susan Wiley (2002). . JHU Press. p. 13. ISBN .7799766866800-08
وصلات خارجية
| Find more about گالڤستون، تكساس at Wikipedia's sister projects | |
| Media from Commons | |
| Source texts from Wikisource | |
| Travel guide from Wikivoyage | |
- website
- Galveston Island Convention and Visitors Bureau
- Galveston Chamber of Commerce
- , 1916, hosted by Portal to Texas History, University of Texas
- "History of Galveston", Isaac's Storm website, Random House
- "Bio of Isaac Monroe Cline", Isaac's Storm website, Random House
- Historical Galveston Architecture
نطقب:Galveston, Texas
نطقب:Republic of Texas
نطقب:Texas county seats
