مؤشر الديمقراطية

The Economist Intelligence Unit Democracy Index map for 2018.

Full democracies ██ 9.01–10 ██ 8.01–9

Flawed democracies ██ 7.01–8 ██ 6.01–7

Hybrid regimes ██ 5.01–6 ██ 4.01–5

Authoritarian regimes ██ 3.01–4 ██ 2.01–3 ██ 0–2

الإيكونوميست هي دراسة وفحص للديموقراطية في 167 بلدا ومحاولة تحديد حجم هذا مع وحدة الاستخبارات الاقتصادية> مؤشر الديمقراطية الذي ركز على خمس فئات عامة ؛ العملية الانتخابية والتعددية والحريات المدنية ، وأداء الحكومة ، والمشاركة السياسية ، والسياسية الثقافة. وفقا لوحدة الاستخبارات الاقتصادية والديمقراطية وسجل مؤشر السويد عام 2008 ما مجموعه 9.88 على مقياس من صفر الى عشرة ، وهوأعلى نتيجة لذلك ، في حين حتى كوريا الشمالية مع وسجل أدنى مستوى 0.86. البلدان المصنفة في "الديموقراطية الكاملة" و"قصور الديمقراطيات" ، و"النظم المختلطة" (تعتبر جميع الديمقراطيات) ، و"الأنظمة الاستبدادية" (تعتبر الديكتاتورية).

الطريقة

تعريفات التصنيف

مؤشر الديمقراطية حسب البلد 2018

Democracy Index 2018
Rank	Country	Score	Electoral process and pluralism	Functioning of government	Political participation	Political culture	Civil liberties	Regime type	Continent
1	نرويج	9.87	10.00	9.64	10.00	10.00	9.71	Full democracy	Europe
2	آيسلندا	9.58	10.00	9.29	8.89	10.00	9.71	Full democracy	Europe
3	السويد	9.39	9.58	9.64	8.33	10.00	9.41	Full democracy	Europe
4	نيوزيلندا	9.26	10.00	9.29	8.89	8.13	10.00	Full democracy	Oceania
5	الدنمارك	9.22	10.00	9.29	8.33	9.38	9.12	Full democracy	Europe
=6	أيرلندا	9.15	9.58	7.86	8.33	10.00	10.00	Full democracy	Europe
=6	كندا	9.15	9.58	9.64	7.78	8.75	10.00	Full democracy	North America
8	فنلندا	9.14	10.00	8.93	8.33	8.75	9.71	Full democracy	Europe
9	أستراليا	9.09	10.00	8.93	7.78	8.75	10.00	Full democracy	Oceania
10	سويسرا	9.03	9.58	9.29	7.78	9.38	9.12	Full democracy	Europe
11	هولندا	8.89	9.58	9.29	8.33	8.13	9.12	Full democracy	Europe
12	لوكسمبورگ	8.81	10.00	8.93	6.67	8.75	9.71	Full democracy	Europe
13	ألمانيا	8.68	9.58	8.57	8.33	7.50	9.41	Full democracy	Europe
14	المملكة المتحدة	8.53	9.58	7.50	8.33	8.13	9.12	Full democracy	Europe
15	أوروگواي	8.38	10.00	8.57	6.11	7.50	9.71	Full democracy	South America
16	نمسا	8.29	9.58	7.86	8.33	6.88	8.82	Full democracy	Europe
17	موريشيوس	8.22	9.17	8.21	5.56	8.75	9.41	Full democracy	Africa
18	مالطا	8.21	9.17	8.21	6.11	8.75	8.82	Full democracy	Europe
19	إسپانيا	8.08	9.17	7.14	7.78	7.50	8.82	Full democracy	Europe
20	كوستاريكا	8.07	9.58	7.50	6.67	7.50	9.12	Full democracy	North America
21	كوريا الجنوبية	8.00	9.17	7.86	7.22	7.50	8.24	Flawed democracy	Asia
22	اليابان	7.99	8.75	8.21	6.67	7.50	8.82	Flawed democracy	Asia
=23	تشيلي	7.97	9.58	8.57	4.44	8.13	9.12	Flawed democracy	South America
=23	إستونيا	7.97	9.58	8.21	6.67	6.88	8.53	Flawed democracy	Europe
25	الولايات المتحدة	7.96	9.17	7.14	7.78	7.50	8.24	Flawed democracy	North America
26	الرأس الأخضر	7.88	9.17	7.86	6.67	6.88	8.82	Flawed democracy	Africa
27	البرتغال	7.84	9.58	7.50	6.11	6.88	9.12	Flawed democracy	Europe
28	بوتسوانا	7.81	9.17	7.14	6.11	7.50	9.12	Flawed democracy	Africa
29	فرنسا	7.80	9.58	7.50	7.78	5.63	8.53	Flawed democracy	Europe
30	إسرائيل	7.79	9.17	7.50	8.89	7.50	5.88	Flawed democracy	Asia
31	بلجيكا	7.78	9.58	8.93	5.00	6.88	8.53	Flawed democracy	Europe
32	تايوان	7.73	9.58	8.21	6.11	5.63	9.12	Flawed democracy	Asia
33	إيطاليا	7.71	9.58	6.07	7.78	6.88	8.24	Flawed democracy	Europe
34	التشيك	7.69	9.58	6.79	6.67	6.88	8.53	Flawed democracy	Europe
35	قبرص	7.59	9.17	6.43	6.67	6.88	8.82	Flawed democracy	Europe
=36	سلوفينيا	7.50	9.58	6.79	6.67	6.25	8.24	Flawed democracy	Europe
=36	لتوانيا	7.50	9.58	6.43	6.11	6.25	9.12	Flawed democracy	Europe
38	لاتفيا	7.38	9.58	6.07	5.56	6.88	8.82	Flawed democracy	Europe
39	اليونان	7.29	9.58	5.36	6.11	6.88	8.53	Flawed democracy	Europe
40	جنوب أفريقيا	7.24	7.42	7.50	8.33	5.00	7.94	Flawed democracy	Africa
41	الهند	7.23	9.17	6.79	7.22	5.63	7.35	Flawed democracy	Asia
42	تيمور الشرقية	7.19	9.08	6.79	5.56	6.88	7.65	Flawed democracy	Asia
43	ترينيداد وتوباگو	7.16	9.58	7.14	6.11	5.63	7.35	Flawed democracy	North America
44	سلوفاكيا	7.10	9.58	6.79	5.56	5.63	7.94	Flawed democracy	Europe
45	پنما	7.05	9.58	6.07	6.67	5.00	7.94	Flawed democracy	North America
46	بلغاريا	7.03	9.17	6.43	7.22	4.38	7.94	Flawed democracy	Europe
=47	الأرجنتين	7.02	9.17	5.36	6.11	6.25	8.24	Flawed democracy	South America
=47	جامايكا	7.02	8.75	7.14	4.44	6.25	8.53	Flawed democracy	North America
49	سورينام	6.98	9.17	6.43	6.67	5.00	7.65	Flawed democracy	South America
50	البرازيل	6.97	9.58	5.36	6.67	5.00	8.24	Flawed democracy	South America
51	كولومبيا	6.96	9.17	6.79	5.00	5.63	8.24	Flawed democracy	South America
52	ماليزيا	6.88	7.75	7.86	6.67	6.25	5.88	Flawed democracy	Asia
53	الفلپين	6.71	9.17	5.71	7.22	4.38	7.06	Flawed democracy	Asia
=54	بولندا	6.67	9.17	6.07	6.11	4.38	7.65	Flawed democracy	Europe
=54	گويانا	6.67	9.17	5.71	6.11	5.00	7.35	Flawed democracy	South America
56	ليسوتو	6.64	9.17	5.00	6.67	5.63	6.76	Flawed democracy	Africa
=57	غانا	6.63	8.33	5.71	6.67	6.25	6.18	Flawed democracy	Africa
=57	المجر	6.63	8.75	6.07	5.00	6.25	7.06	Flawed democracy	Europe
59	پيرو	6.60	9.17	5.00	5.56	5.63	7.65	Flawed democracy	South America
60	كرواتيا	6.57	9.17	6.07	5.56	5.00	7.06	Flawed democracy	Europe
61	جمهورية الدومنيكان	6.54	9.17	5.36	6.11	5.00	7.06	Flawed democracy	North America
62	منغوليا	6.50	9.17	5.71	5.56	5.00	7.06	Flawed democracy	Asia
=63	صربيا	6.41	8.25	5.36	6.11	5.00	7.35	Flawed democracy	Europe
=63	تونس	6.41	6.42	5.71	7.78	6.25	5.88	Flawed democracy	Africa
65	اندونيسيا	6.39	6.92	7.14	6.67	5.63	5.59	Flawed democracy	Asia
=66	سنغافورة	6.38	4.33	7.86	6.11	6.25	7.35	Flawed democracy	Asia
=66	رومانيا	6.38	9.17	5.71	5.00	4.38	7.65	Flawed democracy	Europe
68	إكوادور	6.27	8.75	5.36	6.11	4.38	6.76	Flawed democracy	South America
69	ناميبيا	6.25	5.67	5.36	6.67	5.63	7.94	Flawed democracy	Africa
70	پاراگواي	6.24	8.75	5.71	5.00	4.38	7.35	Flawed democracy	South America
=71	سريلانكا	6.19	7.83	5.71	5.00	6.25	6.18	Flawed democracy	Asia
=71	المكسيك	6.19	8.33	6.07	7.22	3.13	6.18	Flawed democracy	North America
=73	هونگ كونگ	6.15	3.08	6.07	5.56	7.50	8.53	Flawed democracy	Asia
=73	سنغال	6.15	7.50	6.07	4.44	6.25	6.47	Flawed democracy	Africa
75	پاپوا غينيا ج.	6.03	6.92	6.07	3.89	5.63	7.65	Flawed democracy	Oceania
76	ألبانيا	5.98	7.00	4.71	5.56	5.00	7.65	Hybrid regime	Europe
77	السلڤادور	5.96	9.17	4.29	5.56	3.75	7.06	Hybrid regime	North America
78	جمهورية مقدونيا	5.87	6.50	5.36	6.67	3.75	7.06	Hybrid regime	Europe
=79	مولدوڤا	5.85	7.08	4.64	6.11	4.38	7.06	Hybrid regime	Europe
=79	فيجي	5.85	6.58	5.36	6.11	5.63	5.59	Hybrid regime	Oceania
=81	الجبل الأسود	5.74	6.08	5.36	6.11	4.38	6.76	Hybrid regime	Europe
=81	بنين	5.74	6.50	5.71	5.00	5.63	5.88	Hybrid regime	Africa
83	بوليفيا	5.70	7.50	4.64	5.56	3.75	7.06	Hybrid regime	South America
84	أوكرانيا	5.69	6.17	3.21	6.67	6.25	6.18	Hybrid regime	Europe
85	هندوراس	5.63	8.50	4.64	4.44	4.38	6.18	Hybrid regime	North America
86	زامبيا	5.61	6.17	4.64	3.89	6.88	6.47	Hybrid regime	Africa
87	گواتيمالا	5.60	7.92	5.36	3.89	4.38	6.47	Hybrid regime	North America
88	بنگلادش	5.57	7.83	5.07	5.56	4.38	5.00	Hybrid regime	Asia
89	جورجيا	5.50	7.83	3.57	6.11	4.38	5.59	Hybrid regime	Europe
90	ملاوي	5.49	6.58	4.29	4.44	6.25	5.88	Hybrid regime	Africa
=91	تنزانيا	5.41	7.00	5.00	5.00	5.63	4.41	Hybrid regime	Africa
=91	مالي	5.41	7.42	3.93	3.89	5.63	6.18	Hybrid regime	Africa
93	ليبيريا	5.35	7.42	2.57	5.56	5.63	5.59	Hybrid regime	Africa
94	بوتان	5.30	8.75	6.79	2.78	4.38	3.82	Hybrid regime	Asia
95	مدغشقر	5.22	6.08	3.57	6.11	5.63	4.71	Hybrid regime	Africa
96	أوغندا	5.20	5.25	3.57	4.44	6.88	5.88	Hybrid regime	Africa
97	نيبال	5.18	4.33	5.36	5.00	5.63	5.59	Hybrid regime	Asia
=98	كينيا	5.11	3.50	5.36	6.67	5.63	4.41	Hybrid regime	Africa
=98	قرغيزستان	5.11	6.58	2.93	6.67	4.38	5.00	Hybrid regime	Asia
100	المملكة المغربية	4.99	5.25	4.64	5.00	5.63	4.41	Hybrid regime	Africa
101	البوسنة والهرسك	4.98	6.50	2.93	5.56	3.75	6.18	Hybrid regime	Europe
102	هايتي	4.91	5.58	2.93	3.89	6.25	5.88	Hybrid regime	North America
103	أرمنيا	4.79	5.67	4.64	5.56	2.50	5.59	Hybrid regime	Europe
104	بوركينا فاسو	4.75	4.42	4.29	4.44	5.63	5.00	Hybrid regime	Africa
105	سيراليون	4.66	6.58	1.86	3.33	6.25	5.29	Hybrid regime	Africa
=106	لبنان	4.63	3.92	2.21	6.67	5.63	4.71	Hybrid regime	Asia
=106	تايلند	4.63	3.00	4.29	5.00	5.00	5.88	Hybrid regime	Asia
108	نيجيريا	4.44	6.08	4.64	3.33	3.75	4.41	Hybrid regime	Africa
109	السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية	4.39	3.83	2.14	7.78	4.38	3.82	Hybrid regime	Asia
110	هجريا	4.37	4.50	5.00	5.00	5.00	2.35	Hybrid regime	Europe
111	غامبيا	4.31	4.48	4.29	3.33	5.63	3.82	Hybrid regime	Africa
112	پاكستان	4.17	6.08	5.36	2.22	2.50	4.71	Hybrid regime	Asia
113	ساحل العاج	4.15	4.83	2.86	3.33	5.63	4.12	Hybrid regime	Africa
114	العراق	4.06	4.75	0.07	6.67	5.00	3.82	Hybrid regime	Asia
115	الأردن	3.93	3.58	4.29	3.89	4.38	3.53	Authoritarian	Asia
=116	موزمبيق	3.85	3.58	2.14	5.00	5.00	3.53	Authoritarian	Africa
=116	الكويت	3.85	3.17	4.29	3.89	4.38	3.53	Authoritarian	Asia
118	ميانمار	3.83	3.67	3.93	3.89	5.63	2.06	Authoritarian	Asia
119	موريتانيا	3.82	3.00	3.57	5.00	3.13	4.41	Authoritarian	Africa
120	نيجر	3.76	5.25	1.14	3.33	4.38	4.71	Authoritarian	Africa
121	جزر القمر	3.71	4.33	2.21	4.44	3.75	3.82	Authoritarian	Africa
122	نيكاراگوا	3.63	2.67	1.86	3.89	5.63	4.12	Authoritarian	North America
123	أنگولا	3.62	1.75	2.86	5.56	5.00	2.94	Authoritarian	Africa
124	الگابون	3.61	2.58	2.21	4.44	5.00	3.82	Authoritarian	Africa
125	كمبوديا	3.59	1.33	5.00	2.78	5.63	3.24	Authoritarian	Asia
126	الجزائر	3.50	2.58	2.21	3.89	5.00	3.82	Authoritarian	Africa
127	مصر	3.36	3.58	3.21	3.33	3.75	2.94	Authoritarian	Africa
=128	إثيوپيا	3.35	0.00	3.57	5.56	5.00	2.65	Authoritarian	Africa
=128	رواندا	3.35	1.67	5.00	2.78	4.38	2.94	Authoritarian	Africa
130	الصين	3.32	0.00	5.00	3.89	6.25	1.47	Authoritarian	Asia
131	الكونغو	3.31	3.17	2.50	3.89	3.75	3.24	Authoritarian	Africa
132	كاميرون	3.28	3.17	2.86	3.33	4.38	2.65	Authoritarian	Africa
133	قطر	3.19	0.00	4.29	2.22	5.63	3.82	Authoritarian	Asia
=134	زيمبابوي	3.16	0.50	2.00	4.44	5.63	3.24	Authoritarian	Africa
=134	ڤنزويلا	3.16	1.67	1.79	4.44	4.38	3.53	Authoritarian	South America
136	غينيا	3.14	3.50	0.43	4.44	4.38	2.94	Authoritarian	Africa
137	بلاروس	3.13	0.92	2.86	3.89	5.63	2.35	Authoritarian	Europe
138	توغو	3.10	3.17	0.79	3.33	5.00	3.24	Authoritarian	Africa
139	ڤيتنام	3.08	0.00	3.21	3.89	5.63	2.65	Authoritarian	Asia
140	عُمان	3.04	0.00	3.93	2.78	4.38	4.12	Authoritarian	Asia
141	سوازيلاند	3.03	0.92	2.86	2.22	5.63	3.53	Authoritarian	Africa
142	كوبا	3.00	1.08	3.57	3.33	4.38	2.65	Authoritarian	North America
143	أفغانستان	2.97	2.92	1.14	4.44	2.50	3.82	Authoritarian	Asia
=144	كازاخستان	2.94	0.50	2.14	4.44	4.38	3.24	Authoritarian	Europe
=144	روسيا	2.94	2.17	1.79	5.00	2.50	3.24	Authoritarian	Europe
146	جيبوتي	2.87	0.42	1.79	3.89	5.63	2.65	Authoritarian	Africa
147	الإمارات العربية	2.76	0.00	3.93	2.22	5.00	2.65	Authoritarian	Asia
148	البحرين	2.71	0.83	3.21	2.78	4.38	2.35	Authoritarian	Asia
149	أذربيجان	2.65	0.50	2.14	3.33	3.75	3.53	Authoritarian	Europe
150	إيران	2.45	0.00	3.21	4.44	3.13	1.47	Authoritarian	Asia
=151	إرتريا	2.37	0.00	2.14	1.67	6.88	1.18	Authoritarian	Africa
=151	لاوس	2.37	0.83	2.86	1.67	5.00	1.47	Authoritarian	Asia
153	بوروندي	2.33	0.00	0.43	3.89	5.00	2.35	Authoritarian	Africa
154	ليبيا	2.19	1.00	0.36	1.67	5.00	2.94	Authoritarian	Africa
155	السودان	2.15	0.00	1.79	2.78	5.00	1.18	Authoritarian	Africa
156	أوزبكستان	2.01	0.08	1.86	2.22	5.00	0.88	Authoritarian	Asia
157	غينيا بيساو	1.98	1.67	0.00	2.78	3.13	2.35	Authoritarian	Africa
158	اليمن	1.95	0.00	0.00	3.89	5.00	0.88	Authoritarian	Asia
=159	السعودية	1.93	0.00	2.86	2.22	3.13	1.47	Authoritarian	Asia
=159	طاجيكستان	1.93	0.08	0.79	1.67	6.25	0.88	Authoritarian	Asia
161	غينيا الإستوائية	1.92	0.00	0.43	3.33	4.38	1.47	Authoritarian	Africa
162	ترکمنستان	1.72	0.00	0.79	2.22	5.00	0.59	Authoritarian	Asia
163	تشاد	1.61	0.00	0.00	1.67	3.75	2.65	Authoritarian	Africa
164	أفريقيا الوسطى	1.52	2.25	0.00	1.11	1.88	2.35	Authoritarian	Africa
165	الكونغوالديمقراطية	1.49	0.50	0.71	2.22	3.13	0.88	Authoritarian	Africa
166	سوريا	1.43	0.00	0.00	2.78	4.38	0.00	Authoritarian	Asia
167	كوريا الشمالية	1.08	0.00	2.50	1.67	1.25	0.00	Authoritarian	Asia
Rank	Country	Score	Electoral process and pluralism	Functioning of government	Political participation	Political culture	Civil liberties	Regime type

التغييرات الأخيرة

In 2016, the United States was downgraded from a full democracy to a flawed democracy; its score, which had been declining for some years, crossed the threshold from 8.05 in 2015 to 7.98 in 2016. The report states that this was caused by a myriad of factors dating back to at least the late 1960s which have eroded Americans' trust in governmental institutions.

The 2017 Democracy index registered the worst year for global democracy since 2010–11. Asia was the worst-performing region overall. Venezuela was downgraded from a "hybrid regime" to an "authoritarian regime".

Australia (ranked 8th) and Taiwan (ranked 33rd) both legalised same-sex marriage in 2017. In China, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, further entrenched his power by writing his contribution to the Chinese Communist Party’s ideology, dubbed "Xi Jinping Thought", into the party's constitution. Moldova was downgraded from a "ﬂawed democracy" to a "hybrid regime" as a result of problematic elections. By contrast, Armenia was reupgraded from an "authoritarian regime" to a "hybrid regime" as a result of constitutional changes that shifted power from the presidency to parliament.

نقد

The Democracy Index has been criticized for lacking transparency and accountability beyond the numbers. To generate the index, the Economist Intelligence Unit has a scoring system in which various experts are asked to answer 60 questions and assign each reply a number, with the weighted average deciding the ranking. However, the final report does not indicate what kinds of experts, nor their number, nor whether the experts are employees of the Economist Intelligence Unit or independent scholars, nor the nationalities of the experts.

مؤشر الديمقراطية حسب نوع النظام

The following table gives the number and percentage of countries and the percentage of the world population for each regime type in 2018:

Type of regime	Score (s)	Number of countries	Percentage of countries	Percentage of world population
Full democracies	8 < s	20	12.0	4.5
Flawed democracies	6 < s ≤ 8	55	32.9	43.2
Hybrid regimes	4 < s ≤ 6	39	23.4	16.7
Authoritarian regimes	s ≤ 4	53	31.7	35.6

World population refers to the total population of the 167 countries covered by the Index. Since this excludes only microstates, this is nearly equal to the entire estimated world population.

مؤشر الديمقراطية حسب المنطقة

The following table gives the index average by world region, and the number of covered countries in 2017. Note that some regional groups (e.g. Eastern Europe and Asia and Australasia) are very heterogeneous and composed of full democracies as well as authoritarian regimes:

Rank	Region	Countries	2006	2008	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
1	Northern America	2	8.64	8.64	8.63	8.59	8.59	8.59	8.59	8.56	8.56	8.56	8.56
2	Western Europe	21	8.60	8.61	8.45	8.40	8.44	8.41	8.41	8.42	8.40	8.38	8.35
3	Latin America and the Caribbean	24	6.37	6.43	6.37	6.35	6.36	6.38	6.36	6.37	6.33	6.26	6.24
4	Asia and Australasia	28	5.44	5.58	5.53	5.51	5.56	5.61	5.70	5.74	5.74	5.63	5.67
5	Central and Eastern Europe	28	5.76	5.67	5.55	5.50	5.51	5.53	5.58	5.55	5.43	5.40	5.42
6	Sub-Saharan Africa	44	4.24	4.28	4.23	4.32	4.33	4.36	4.34	4.38	4.37	4.35	4.36
7	Middle East and North Africa	20	3.54	3.48	3.52	3.62	3.73	3.68	3.65	3.58	3.56	3.54	3.54
	World	167	5.52	5.55	5.46	5.49	5.52	5.53	5.55	5.55	5.52	5.48	5.48

أنظر أيضا

Democracy-Dictatorship Index

Democracy promotion
Democracy Ranking
Freedom in the World
List of freedom indices

ملاحظات

المصادر

^ The Economist Intelligence Unit (8 January 2019). "Democracy Index 2018: Me Too?". The Economist Intelligence Unit. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
^ Karlis, Nicole (31 January 2018). "New report classifies US as a "flawed democracy" - Partisanship and Trump were to blame for the US's dismal ranking in the Economist's annual Democracy Index report". Salon. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
^ Eshe Nelson (25 January 2017). "The US has been downgraded to a "flawed democracy," but not just because of Trump". Qz.com.
^ "Declining trust in government is denting democracy". The Economist. 25 January 2017.
^ "Democracy Index 2017". www.eiu.com (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2018-01-31.
^ "Democracy Index 2017 : Free Speech Under Attack" (PDF). www.eiu.com. 30 January 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
^ "Peter Tasker: The flawed 'science' behind democracy rankings". asia.nikkei.com (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2019-02-22.
^ Laza Kekic, director, country forecasting services (15 November 2006). "The Economist Intelligence Unit's index of democracy" (PDF). The World in 2007. Economist Intelligence Unit. Retrieved 26 January 2017.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "Index of Democracy 2008" (PDF). Economist Intelligence Unit. 21 October 2008. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
^ "Democracy Index 2010: Democracy in retreat" (PDF). Economist Intelligence Unit.ستة December 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
^ "Democracy index 2011: Democracy under stress". Economist Intelligence Unit. 14 December 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
^ "Democracy index 2012: Democracy at a standstill" (PDF). Economist Intelligence Unit. 14 March 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
^ "Democracy Index 2013: Democracy in limbo". The Economist Intelligence Unit. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
^ "Democracy Index 2014:Democracy and its discontents" (PDF). The Economist Intelligence Unit. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
^ "Democracy Index 2015: Democracy in an age of anxiety" (PDF). The Economist Intelligence Unit. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
^ ". eiu.com. The Economist Intelligence Unit. 25 January 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
^ "Democracy Index 2017: Free speech under attack". eiu.com. The Economist Intelligence Unit. Retrieved 31 January 2018.