مولداڤيا
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Principality of Moldavia
Moldova (Țara Moldovei) (رومانية)
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| 1346–1859 | |||||||||||
الفهم
Coat of arms
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Moldavia under Stephen the Great, 1483
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| العاصمة |
Baia, Siret 1343–1388 Suceava 1388–1564 Iași (Jassy) from 1564 |
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| اللغات الشائعة | Romanian (Old Romanian),Old Church Slavonic (in early official use) | ||||||||||
| الدين |
Eastern Orthodox
Minority
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| الحكومة | Principality | ||||||||||
| Princes of Moldavia (Voivodes, Hospodars) | |||||||||||
• 1346–1353 (first) |
Dragoș | ||||||||||
• 1859–1862 (last) |
Alexandru Ioan Cuza | ||||||||||
| التاريخ | |||||||||||
• Foundation of the Moldavian mark |
1346 | ||||||||||
• De jure union with Wallachia |
5 February [ن.ق. 24 January] 1859 | ||||||||||
| Currency | Taler | ||||||||||
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| Today part of |  مولدوڤارومانيا أوكرانيا |
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| جزء من عن |
| قبل التاريخ |
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| داتشيا |
| الحروب الداتشية |
| داتشيا الرومانية |
| تراقو-رومان |
| العصور الوسطى المبكرة |
| أصل الرومانيين |
| العصور الوسطى |
| تاريخ ترانسلڤانيا |
| إمارة ترانسلڤانيا |
| تأسيس ولاخيا |
| تأسيس مولداڤيا |
| العصور الحديثة المبكرة |
| فناريوتس |
| الإمارات الدانوبية |
| الصحوة الوطنية |
| Organic Statute |
| الثورة المولداڤية 1848 |
| الثورة الولاخية 1848 |
| الإمارتان المتحدتان |
| حرب الاستقلال |
| مملكة رومانيا |
| الحرب العالمية الأولى |
| رومانيا العظمى |
| الحرب العالمية الثانية |
| الاحتلال السوڤيتي لبسرابيا وبكوڤينا الشمالية |
| بوابة رومانيا |
نطقب:History of Moldova
Moldavia (بالرومانية: Moldova تُنطق [molˈdova] ( استمع) or Țara Moldovei, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: Цара Молдовєі) is a historical region, and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester river. An initially independent and later autonomous state, it existed from the 14th century to 1859, when it united with Wallachia (Țara Românească) as the basis of the modern Romanian state; at various times, Moldavia included the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak) and all of Bukovina.
The western half of Moldavia is now part of Romania, the eastern side belongs to the Republic of Moldova, while the northern and southeastern parts are territories of Ukraine.
Name and etymology
التاريخ
Prehistory and antiquity
Early Middle Ages
High Middle Ages
Late Middle Ages
Early Modern Era and Renaissance
Phanariots (1711–1822)
Fragmentation
In 1775, Moldavia lost to the Habsburg Empire its northwestern part, which became known as Bukovina. For Moldavia, it meant both an important territorial loss and a major blow to the cattle trade (as the region stood on the trade route to Central Europe).
Organic Statute, 1848 revolution
Slavery
Slavery (بالرومانية: robie) was part of the social order from before the founding of the Principality of Moldavia, until it was abolished in stages during the 1840s and 1850s. Most of the slaves were of Roma (Gypsy) ethnicity. There were also slaves of Tatar ethnicity, probably prisoners captured from the wars with the Nogai and Crimean Tatars. The institution of slavery was first attested in a 1470 Moldavian document, through which Prince Stephen the Great frees Oană, a Tatar slave who had fled to Jagiellon Poland.
Union with Wallachia
Military forces
Flags and historical coats of arms
Outline of an image on stove remains excavated at the Neamț Citadel, showing the Wisent/Aurochs coat of arms of Moldavia
Coat of arms of the Prince of Moldavia, in the Wijsbergen arms book
Coat of arms of the principality of Moldavia, at the Cetățuia Monastery in Iași
Seal of Michael the Brave (showing the arms of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania)
Coat of arms of Moldavia dating from 1765, Iași
Bull's Head stamp, 1858
Geography
Administrative divisions
Population
Historical population
Cities
The largest cities (as per last censuses) in the Moldavia region are:
- Moldova:
- Chișinău (492,894)
- Bălți (105,000)
- Tighina (Bender) (91,882)
- Romania:
- Iași (290,422) - capital of Moldavia between 1564–1859
- Galați (249,432)
- Bacău (144,307)
- Botoșani (106,847)
- Suceava (92,121) - capital of Moldavia between 1388–1564
- Piatra Neamț (85,055)
- Focșani (79,315)
- Ukraine:
- Chernivtsi (Cernăuți) (240,600)
- Izmail (Ismail) (84,815)
Education
Culture
Literature
- Cazania lui Varlaam
- Descriptio Moldaviae
- Chronicle of Huru
- Grigore Ureche
- Miron Costin
- Nicolae Costin
- Ion Neculce
- Dimitrie Cantemir
- Gheorghe Asachi
Magazines and newspapers
- Alăuta Românească
- Albina Românească
- Dacia Literară
- Propășirea
- România literară
Theatre
- The Great Theatre/National Theatre
Architecture
- Moldavian style
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World Heritage Sites:
- Churches of Moldavia
- Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans
- Rudi Geodetic Point (as part of the Struve Geodetic Arc)
- Tentative list:
- Neamț Monastery
- Trei Ierarhi Monastery
- The Cultural Landscape Orheiul Vechi (Old Orhei)
- The Typical Crernozem Soils of the Balti Steppe
- Slătioara Secular Forest
Gallery
Cetatea Albă Fortress, at the confluence of Dniester and Black Sea
Holy Trinity Church (1352) in Siret
Putna Monastery (1466)
Voroneț Monastery (1488). Frescoes painted on the exterior of the Church of St. George
Historical and archaeological complex Old Orhei
Iași (Jassy), 1701
Port of Galați on Danube, early 19th century
Moldavian peasants (1838)
A soirée at the princely court, Iași 1840
Homestead from Dumbrăveni, at the National Village Museum
Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza Palace at Ruginoasa
Wisents in Vânători-Neamț Natural Park
Ceahlău Massif in the western part
Nistru (Dniester) River, the eastern limit of Moldavia
See also
- Bessarabia
- Bukovina
- Budjak
- Hertza region
- Moldavia (region of Romania)
- History of Moldova
- History of Romania
- List of rulers of Moldavia
- Moldavian military forces
- Bogdan Saray
- First Bulgarian Empire
- Second Bulgarian Empire
References
- ^ Ștefan Pascu, Documente străine despre români, ed. Arhivelor statului, București 1992, ISBN 973-95711-2-3
- ^ "Tout ce pays: la Wallachie, la Moldavie et la plus part de la Transylvanie, a esté peuplé des colonies romaines du temps de Trajan l’empereur… Ceux du pays se disent vrais successeurs des Romains et nomment leur parler romanechte, c'est-à-dire romain … " în Voyage fait par moy, Pierre Lescalopier l’an 1574 de Venise a Constantinople, în: Paul Cernovodeanu, Studii și materiale de istorie medievală, IV, 1960, p. 444
- ^ Viorel Achim, The Roma in Romanian History, Central European University Press, Budapest, 2004, ISBN 963-9241-84-9
- Gheorghe I. Brătianu, Sfatul domnesc și Adunarea Stărilor în Principatele Române, Bucharest, 1995
- Vlad Georgescu, Istoria ideilor politice românești (1369-1878), Munich, 1987
- Ștefan Ștefănescu, Istoria medie a României, Bucharest, 1991
وصلات خارجية
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Moldavia. |
- Dimitrie Cantemir-Descrierea Moldovei
- The Princely Court in Bacău - images, layouts (at the Romanian Group for an Alternative History Website)
- Original Documents concerning both Moldavia and other Romania Principalities during the Middle Ages (at the Romanian Group for an Alternative History Website)
- Pilgrimage and Cultural Heritage Tourism in Moldavia
- Painted Churches in Bukovina
- Medieval Coins of Moldavia and Wallachia (Romanian) (إنگليزية)
نطقب:Fiefs of the Polish Kingdom
