إيپاتي
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إيپاتي
Υπάτη
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 إيپاتي | |
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المسقط في الوحدة المحلية
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| الإحداثيات: Coordinates: | |
| البلد | اليونان |
| المنطقة الادارية | وسط اليونان |
| الوحدة المحلية | Phthiotis |
| البلدية | لاميا |
| • الوحدة البلدية | 257٫5 كم² (99٫4 ميل²) |
| التعداد(2011) | |
| • الوحدة البلدية | 4٬541 |
| • الوحدة البلدية كثافة | 18/km2 (46/sq mi) |
| منطقة التوقيت | EET (التوقيت العالمي المنسق+2) |
| • الصيفي | EEST (UTC+3) |
| تسجيل السيارة | ΜΙ |
إيپاتي (باليونانية: Υπάτη؛ بالإنگليزية: Ypati) هي قرية وبلدية سابقة في Phthiotis، في وسط شبه جزيرة اليونان. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality of لاميا, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 257.504 km2. Its 2011 population was 4,541 for the municipal unit, and 496 for the settlement of Ypati itself. The town has a long history, being founded at the turn of the 5th/4th century BC as the capital of the Aenianes. During the Roman period the town prospered and was regarded as the chief city of Thessaly, as well as a bishopric. It was probably abandoned in the 7th century as a result of the Slavic invasions, but was re-established by the 9th century as Neopatras. The town became prominent as a metropolitan see and was the capital of the Greek principality of Thessaly in 1268–1318 and of the Catalan Duchy of Neopatras from 1319 to 1391. It was conquered by the Ottomans in the early 15th century and remained تحت الحكم العثماني حتى حرب الاستقلال اليونانية.
الجغرافيا
Ypati is around 30 km west of Thermopylae and north of the Oiti mountains and Xerisa river, it is also 25 km west of لاميا جنوب GR-38 (Lamia - Karpenissi - Agrinio), around 230 km NNW of Athens and about 50 km east of Karpenissi, it overlooks the Spercheios to the north. The geography includes forests and grasslands to the south in higher elevations. Phocis lies to the south. Around 3 km northwest are the famous springs which dates to the ancient times. It is around a few kilometres from the mountains.
التاريخ
القِدم
In Antiquity, the city was known as Hypate (Ὑπάτη) or Hypata (Ὑπάτα), probably a corruption of hypo Oita (ὑπὸ Οἴτα, meaning "near the Mount Oeta").
The city was founded in the late 5th/early 4th century, as the capital of the Aenianes tribe and their koinon ("league, commonwealth"). In later times it belonged to the Amphictyony of Amphela. Herodotus records the nearby hot springs, which were visited in Antiquity. It was also a polis (city-state).
In around 344 BC, the city came under Macedonian rule, which continued, except for a brief interruption during the Lamian War, until the city became a member of the Aetolian League ح. 273 BC. As a member of the League, it was ravaged by the Roman general Manius Acilius Glabrio in 191 BC during his advance through Thesaaly during the Roman-Seleucid War, and hosted the Aetolian peace negotiations with Roman general Lucius Valerius Flaccus two years later. After the conclusion of peace between Roman and the Aetolian League, Hypata remained as the only Aetolian possession north of Oeta. In 168 BC, Rome re-established the koinon of the Aenianes as an autonomous polity, with its own eponymous magistrates and coins; Hypata became again its capital, and entered a period of renewed prosperity.
After the Battle of Pydna, from the year 167 BC, the city was independent for a period of about twenty years, until creation of the Aenianian League, a confederation of territories of the Aenianes that was directed by five officials, although in Hypata, the capital, two archons also governed. In about 30 BC, Augustus united Aenis with the Thessalian Federation, and the city formed part of Thessaly thereafter; by the 2nd century it was counted as the most important Thessalian city.
الحكم البيزنطي والصليبي والعثماني
The city is still mentioned in the 6th century under its ancient name by Procopius, who recorded repairs to its walls by Emperor Justinian I, and in the Synecdemus.
Early 19th-century sources report that the town was the centre of a kaza (district) in the Sanjak of Inebahti of the Morea Eyalet.
After the Fourth Crusade, the city was made a Latin rite archdiocese, the Latin Archbishopric of Neopatras. The see was suppressed after the Greek reconquest, but restored when the Catalans established the Duchy of Neopatras in 1319, and remained active until the Ottoman conquest at the turn of the 15th century. In 1933, it was restored as a Catholic titular see.
التقسيمات الادارية
The municipal unit of Ypati is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets) :
- Argyrochori
- Dafni
- Kastanea (Kastanea, Kapnochori)
- Kompotades
- Ladikou
- Loutra Ypatis (Loutra Ypatis, Varka, Magoula, Nea Ypati)
- Lychno (Lychno, Alonia)
- Mexiates
- Mesochori Ypatis
- Neochori Ypatis
- Peristeri
- Pyrgos
- Rodonia (Rodonia, Karya)
- Syka Ypatis
- Vasiliki
- Ypati (Ypati, Amalota)
السكان
| Year | Village | Community | Municipality (after 2011 Mun. Unit) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | - | 929 | 6,795 |
| 2001 | 724 | 849 | 6,855 |
| 2011 | 496 | 552 | 4,541 |
الآثار
When visited by William Martin Leake in the 19th century, there are still considerable remains of the ancient town. He observed many large quadrangular blocks of stones and foundations of ancient walls on the heights, as well as in the buildings of the town. In the metropolitan church he noticed a handsome shaft of white marble, and on the outside of the wall an inscription in small characters of the best times. He also discovered an inscription on a broken block of white marble, lying under a plane-tree near a fountain in the Jewish cemetery.
انظر أيضاً
- List of Catholic dioceses in Greece
المراجع
- ^ "Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός" (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in اليونانية). National Statistical Service of Greece.
- ^ Kramolisch, Herwig. "Hypata". Brill’s New Pauly. Brill Online, 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
- ^ Kramolisch, Herwig. "Aenianes". Brill’s New Pauly. Brill Online, 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
- ^ Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen (2004). "Thessaly and Adjacent Regions". An inventory of archaic and classical poleis. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 708. ISBN .
- ^ نطقب:Cite Livy
- ^ نطقب:Cite Polybius
- ^ Jorge Martínez de Tejada Garaizábal, , pp.237,432.
-
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةTIB - ^ نطقب:ODB
- ^ "Reisen ins Osmanische Reich". Jahrbücher der Literatur (in German). Vienna: C. Gerold. 49–50: 22. 1830.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ William Martin Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii, p. 14 et seq.
- ^ نطقب:Cite DGRG
المصادر والوصلات الخارجية
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع [[commons: Category:إيپاتي
| إيپاتي ]]. |
- Official Website
- GCatholic - (former and) titular Catholic see
- Municipality of Ypati at the GTP Travel Pages
- Bibliography - ecclesiastical history
- Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 429
- Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 123-126
- Gaetano Moroni, lemma 'Patrasso o Neopatra o Nova Patrasso', in Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica, vol. LI, Venice 1851, p. 291
- Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, vol. 1, p. 362; vol. 2, p. XXXII
