ريتشارد فاينمان (و. 1918 - ت. 1988)، هوفيزيائي أمريكي شهير. حصل عام 1965م على جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء مشاركة مع جوليان س. شوينجر، وسين ـ إيتيروتوموناجا. استطاع الرجال الثلاثة ـ جميع على حدة ـ حتى يقدموا نظرية مطورة للديناميكا الكهربائية الكمية في أواخر الأربعينيات من القرن العشرين. والديناميكا الكهربائية الكمية هي دراسة تفاعل الجزيئات الذرية والإشعاع المغنطيسي الكهربائي. وقد زادت هذه النظرية من قدرة الفهماء على التسقط بشكل سليم، لما يحدث من تأثيرات الجزيئات المشحونة بالكهرباء بعضها على بعض في المجال الإشعاعي.

قام بتطوير نظرية كهروديناميكا الكم وتنبأ مبكرا بعصر النانوتكنولوجي (تقنية الأجسام النانوية والتي تكون أبعادها في حدود واحد على بليون من المتر). كان من ضمن الفريق الذي خلق القنبلة الذرية. حصل على جائزة نوبل للعام 1965. كان من ضمن اللجنة التي كلفت بتقصي مسببات كارثة المكوك تشالنجر حيث توصل مع فريقه إلى سبب الانفجار (إشكال في تمدد حلقات الضغط).

قدم سلسلة محاضرات في مادة الفيزياء تم تسجيلها ونشرها لاحقاً في ثلاثة مجلدات تعهد بـ محاضرات فينمان في الفيزياء. وتعد من أفضل ما خط في هذا المجال. عدل فاينمان في تعهد المجال الكهربائي للشحن النقطية آخذاً بعين الاعتبار نصف قطر الأجسام المشحونة (الإلكترونات والبروتونات) بالاعتماد على مبادئ الكمومية.

Feynman did significant work while at Caltech, including research in:

السيرة

ولد فينمان في مدينة نيويورك، وحصل على درجة الدكتوراه من جامعة برنستون في نيوجيرسي عام 1942م، واشتغل من عام 1942م إلى 1945م في مشروع القنبلة الذرية في لوس ألاموس في نيومكسيكو. وفي عام 1945م أصبح أستاذًا للفيزياء النظرية في جامعة كورنيل في نيويورك. ومن عام 1951م حتى وفاته، التحق بهيئة التدريس في معهد كاليفورنيا للتقنية.

أعمال شعبية

• Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!: Adventures of a Curious Character, with contributions by Ralph Leighton, W. W. Norton & Co, 1985, ISBN 0-393-01921-7.
• What Do You Care What Other People Think?: Further Adventures of a Curious Character, with contributions by Ralph Leighton, W. W. Norton & Co, 1988, ISBN 0-393-02659-0
• No Ordinary Genius: The Illustrated Richard Feynman, with Christopher Sykes, W. W. Norton & Co, 1996, ISBN 039331393X.
• Six Easy Pieces: Essentials of Physics Explained by Its Most Brilliant Teacher, Perseus Books, 1994, ISBN 0-201-40955-0
• Six Not So Easy Pieces: Einstein’s Relativity, Symmetry and Space-Time, Addison Wesley, 1997, ISBN 0-201-15026-3
• The Meaning of It All: Thoughts of a Citizen Scientist, Perseus Publishing, 1999, ISBN 0738201669.
• The Pleasure of Finding Things Out: The Best Short Works of Richard P. Feynman, edited by Jeffrey Robbins, Perseus Books, 1999, ISBN 0738201081.
• Classic Feynman: All the Adventures of a Curious Character, edited by Ralph Leighton, W. W. Norton & Co, 2005, ISBN 0-393-06132-9. Chronologically reordered omnibus volume of Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! and What Do You Care What Other People Think?, with a bundled CD containing one of Feynman’s signature lectures.

تسجيلات الصوت والصوت والصورة

• Safecracker Suite (a collection of drum pieces interspersed with Feynman telling anecdotes)
• Los Alamos From Below (talk given by Feynman at Santa Barbara on February 6, 1975)
• Six Easy Pieces (original lectures upon which the book is based)
• Six Not So Easy Pieces (original lectures upon which the book is based)
• The Feynman Lectures on Physics: The Complete Audio Collection
• Samples of Feynman's drumming, chanting and speech are included in the songs "Tuva Groove (Bolur Daa-Bol, Bolbas Daa-Bol)" and "Kargyraa Rap (Dürgen Chugaa)" on the album Back Tuva Future, The Adventure Continues by Kongar-ool Ondar. The hidden track on this album also includes excerpts from lectures without musical background.

• The Messenger Lectures (1964) Available on Project Tuva for free (See also the book The Character of Physical Law)
• Take the world from another point of view [videorecording] / with Richard Feynman; Films for the Hu (1972)
• The Douglas Robb Memorial Lectures Parts 1–4 (1979)
• The Pleasure of Finding Things Out at Google Video (1981) (not to be confused with the later published book of same title)
• Elementary Particles and the Laws of Physics (1986)
• The Last journey of a genius, a BBC TV production in association with WGBH Boston (1989)
• Messenger Series, lectures given by Feynman at Cornell in 1964 in which he explains basic topics in physics in his irresistibly engaging and entertaining manner

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

المصادر

• Bethe, Hans A. (1991), The Road from Los Alamos, Masters of Modern Physics, 2, New York: Simon and Schuster, ISBN 0-671-74012-1 .
• Edwards, Steven Alan (2006), The Nanotech Pioneers, Wiley, ISBN 978-3527312900 .
• Feynman, Richard P. (1985), Ralph Leighton, ed., Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!: Adventures of a Curious Character, W. W. Norton & Co, ISBN 0-393-01921-7 .
• Feynman, Richard P. (1986), Rogers Commission Report, Volume 2 Appendix F- Personal Observations on Reliability of Shuttle, http://history.nasa.gov/rogersrep/v2appf.htm 
• Feynman, Richard P. (1987), Ralph Leighton, ed., Mr. Feynman Goes to Washington, 50, Caltech, pp. 6-22, http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/48/2/1987Feynman.pdf 
• Feynman, Richard P. (1988), Ralph Leighton, ed., What Do You Care What Other People Think?: Further Adventures of a Curious Character, W. W. Norton & Co, ISBN 0-393-02659-0 .
• Feynman, Michelle, ed. (2005), Perfectly Reasonable Deviations from the Beaten Track: The Letters of Richard P. Feynman, Basic Books, ISBN 0-7382-0636-9, http://books.google.com/books?id=HpgNSVS6fUYC&pg=PA350&dq=feynman+atheist&lr=&as_brr=0&ei=utFxR6zBIIv8sQPetLmeBw&sig=-pBKDYiTw67OtfpSFszeg7vQLrM#PPA350,M1 , foreword by Timothy Ferris. (Published in the UK under the title: Don't You Have Time to Think?, with additional commentary by Michelle Feynman, Allen Lane, 2005, ISBN 0-7139-9847-4.)
• Gribbin, John; Gribbin, Mary (1997), Richard Feynman: A Life in Science, Dutton, ISBN 0-525-94124-X .
• Nobel Foundation (1972), "Richard P. Feynman, The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965: Biography", Nobel Lectures, Physics: 1963-1970, Amsterdam: Elsevier, ISBN 978-0444409935 .
• Gleick, James (1992), Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman, Pantheon, ISBN 0-679-40836-3 .
• Hey, Tony; Walters, Patrick (1987), The quantum universe, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521318457 .
• Hillis, W. Daniel (1989), "Richard Feynman and The Connection Machine", Physics Today (Institute of Physics) 42 (2): 78, doi:10.1063/1.881196, http://www.kurzweilai.net/articles/art0504.html?printable=1 .
• Leighton, Ralph (2000), Tuva Or Bust!:Richard Feynman's last journey, W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 0-393-32069-3 .
• Schwinger, Julian (ed.) (1958), Selected Papers on Quantum Electrodynamics (Bethe, Bloch, Dirac, Dyson, Feynman, Fermi, Heisenberg, Jordan, Klein, Lamb, Oppenheimer, Pauli, Rutherford, Schwinger, Tomonaga, Weisskopf, Wigner, and many others), Dover, ISBN 0-486-60444-6 .
• Sykes, Christopher (1996), No ordinary genius : the illustrated Richard Feynman, New York: W.W. Norton, ISBN 0-393-03621-9 .

قراءات أخرى

• Physics Today, American Institute of Physics magazine, February 1989 Issue. (Vol.42, No.2.) Special Feynman memorial issue containing non-technical articles on Feynman's life and work in physics.
• Most of the Good Stuff: Memories of Richard Feynman, edited by Laurie M. Brown and John S. Rigden, NY: Simon and Schuster, 1993, ISBN 0883188708. Commentary by Joan Feynman, John Wheeler, Hans Bethe, Julian Schwinger, Murray Gell-Mann, Daniel Hillis, David Goodstein, Freeman Dyson, Laurie Brown.
• Disturbing the Universe, Freeman Dyson, Harper and Row, 1979, ISBN 0-06-011108-9. Dyson’s autobiography. The chapters “A Scientific Apprenticeship” and “A Ride to Albuquerque” describe his impressions of Feynman in the period 1947-48 when Dyson was a graduate student at Cornell.
• QED and the Men Who Made It: Dyson, Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga (Princeton Series in Physics), Silvan S. Schweber, Princeton University Press, 1994, ISBN 0691036853.
• Feynman's Rainbow: A Search For Beauty In Physics And In Life, by Leonard Mlodinow, Warner Books, 2003, ISBN 0-446-69251-4 Published in the United Kingdom as Some Time With Feynman.
• The Feynman Processor: Quantum Entanglement and the Computing Revolution, Gerard J. Milburn, Perseus Books, 1998 ISBN 0-7382-0173-1
• Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman, James Gleick, Pantheon, 1992, ISBN 0679747044
• The Beat of a Different Drum: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman, Jagdish Mehra, Oxford University Press, 1994, ISBN 0198539487
• No Ordinary Genius: The Illustrated Richard Feynman, edited by Christopher Sykes, W W Norton & Co Inc, 1994, ISBN 0393036219.
• Richard Feynman: A Life in Science, John Gribbin and Mary Gribbin, Dutton Adult, 1997, ISBN 052594124X
• Infinity, a movie directed by Matthew Broderick and starring Matthew Broderick as Feynman, depicting Feynman's love affair with his first wife and ending with the Trinity test. 1996.
• "Clever Dick", Crispin Whittell, Oberon Books, 2006 (play)
• "QED", Peter Parnell (play).
• "The Pleasure of Finding Things Out" A film documentary autobiography of Richard Feynman, Nobel laureate and theoretical physicist extraordinary. 1982, BBC TV 'Horizon' and PBS 'Nova' (50 mins film). See Christopher Sykes Productions http://www.sykes.easynet.co.uk/
• "The Quest for Tannu Tuva", with Richard Feynman and Ralph Leighton. 1987, BBC TV 'Horizon' and PBS 'Nova' (under the title "Last Journey of a Genius") (50 mins film)
• "No Ordinary Genius" A two-part documentary about Feynman's life and work, with contributions from colleagues, friends and family. 1993, BBC TV 'Horizon' and PBS 'Nova' (a one-hour version, under the title "The Best Mind Since Einstein") (2 x 50 mins films)

وصلات خارجية

مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع [[commons: Category:ريتشارد فاينمان | ريتشارد فاينمان ]].

• Guide to the Papers of Richard Phillips Feynman, 1933-1988
• Feynman at The Caltech Institute Archives
• Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy

• The Feynman Lectures Website
• About Richard Feynman
• Feynman's Scientific Publications
• A Biography of R. P. Feynman as a mathematician
• Gallery of Drawings by Richard P. Feynman
• The Pleasure of Finding Things Out: A 49-minute BBC Horizon TV programme from the 1980s in which Feynman reminisces about his life and work.
• Edge-video: Murray Gell-mann reminisces about Feynman's personal eccentricities
• Feynman on the rules of chess
• Feynman lecture
• Feynman on the nature of physics
• Feynman talks about confusion
• Feynman's BBC interview on uncertainty
• Feynman on disrespect of authority