جيوچوان
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جيوچوان
酒泉市
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مدينة بمستوى محافظة | |
| Jiuquan | |
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Jiuquan Bell Tower
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مسقط نطاق مدينة جيوچوان في گان‌سو
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 جيوچوان | |
| الإحداثيات (Jiuquan government): Coordinates: | |
| البلد |
 الصين
|
| المقاطعة | گان‌سو |
| المديرية | مديرية سوژو |
| المساحة | |
| • الإجمالية | 191٬342 كم² (73٬878 ميل²) |
| الارتفاع | 1٬483 m (4٬865 ft) |
| التعداد(2010) | |
| • الإجمالي | 1٬095٬947 |
| • الكثافة | 5٫7/km2 (15/sq mi) |
| منطقة التوقيت | توقيت الصين (التوقيت العالمي المنسق+8) |
| Postal code | 735000 |
| مفتاح الهاتف | 0937 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-GS-09 |
| Licence plate prefixes | 甘F |
| المسقط الإلكتروني | jiuquan.gov.cn |
| جيوچوان | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| بالصينية | 酒泉 | ||||||||||||||
| المعني الحرفي | "ينبوع الكحول" | ||||||||||||||
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| الأسماء السابقة | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fulu | |||||||||
| الصينية التقليدية | 福祿 | ||||||||
| الصينية المبسطة | 福禄 | ||||||||
| المعنى الحرفي | المحظوطة | ||||||||
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جيوچوان Jiuquan ؛ كانت تُعهد في السابق بإسم سوژو Suzhou؛ هي مدينة بمستوى محافظة في أقصى شمال غرب مقاطعة گان‌سوفي جمهورية الصين الشعبية. ويزيد عرضها عن 600 كم من الشرق إلى الغرب، بمساحة 191,342 كم²، بالرغم من حتى مساحتها المبنية يقع أغلبها في مديرية سوژو. وكان عدد سكانها 962,000 نسمة في 2002.
الاسم
المدينة كانت تُعهد في السابق بإسم فولو Fulu؛ ثم أصبحت تُعهد بإسم سوژو (Suzhou ، Suchow ، Su-chow؛ &c.) بعد حتى أصبحت مقر محافظة سوفي عهد أسرة سوي. As the seat of Jiuquan Commandery, it eventually became known by that name in turn. The name Jiuquan —"wine spring(s)" — derives from a legendary story of the young Han general Huo Qubing, who was said to have poured a vat of precious wine into a local creek to share its taste with his troops after a victory over the Xiongnu nomads.
التاريخ
تأسست فولوفي 111 ق.م. كثغر في رواق خى‌شي بالقرب من بوابة اليشم along the overland Silk Road. Jiuquan was a Han prefecture and, under the Eastern Han, an active military garrison.Su Prefecture was established under the Sui and renamed Jiuquan Commandery under the Tang. In 624, Jiuquan County was established. In 763, it was occupied by Tibetan Empire. After the fall of the Tibetan Empire, it was controlled by the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom. In 1028, it was seized by Xixia. During the Yuan Dynasty, Suzhou Lu was established under Gansu Province. It sometimes served كعاصمة مقاطعة گان‌سو. Along with its role protecting trade along the Silk Road, Suzhou was the great center of the rhubarb trade.
Under the Ming, Suzhou was the site where the Portuguese Jesuit missionary Bento de Góis was robbed and died in 1607 during the exploration that finally established that Cathay and China were a single country. Meng Qiaofang took it from Ding Guodong in 1649. The Hui under Ma Wenlu held it during the Dungan Revolt. It was completely destroyed by the time it was recovered by the Qing general Zuo Zongtang in 1873 but it was swiftly rebuilt.
التقسيمات الادارية
Jiuquan is made up of one district, two counties, two autonomous counties and two cities.
| الخريطة | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| الاسم | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | التعداد (تق. 2004) |
المساحة (كم²) | الكثافة (/كم²) |
| Suzhou District | 肃州区 | Sùzhōu Qū | 350,000 | 3,349 | 104.5 |
| يومن (مدينة) | 玉门市 | Yùmén Shì | 170,000 | 13,500 | 12.6 |
| Dunhuang City | 敦煌市 | Dūnhuáng Shì | 140,000 | 26,960 | 5.2 |
| Jinta County | 金塔县 | Jīntǎ Xiàn | 140,000 | 14,663 | 9.5 |
| Guazhou County | 瓜州县 | Guāzhōu Xiàn | 90,000 | 21,350 | 4.2 |
| Subei Mongol Autonomous County |
肃北蒙古族 自治县 |
Sùběi Měnggǔzú Zìzhìxiàn |
10,000 | 55,000 | 0.2 |
| Aksai Kazakh Autonomous County |
阿克塞哈萨克族 自治县 |
Ākèsài Hāsàkèzú Zìzhìxiàn |
10,000 | 31,374 | 0.3 |
الجغرافيا
Jiuquan occupies the westernmost part of Gansu, bordering Zhangye City to the east, Qinghai to the south, Xinjiang to the west, Ejin Banner of Inner Mongolia and Mongolia to the north. Its administrative area ranges in latitude from 37° 58' to 42° 48' N and in longitude from 92° 09' to 100° 20' E, and reaches a maximal north-south extent of 550 km (1,800,000 ft) and maximal east-west width of 680 km (2,230,000 ft). Suzhou District is approximately 1,500 مترs (4,900 ft) above sea level.
| Weather averages for جيوچوان (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
| Average high °F | |||||||||||||
| Average low °F | |||||||||||||
| Average high °C | |||||||||||||
| Average low °C | |||||||||||||
| Source: China Meteorological Administration {{{accessdate | |||||||||||||
النقل
Jiuquan is served by China National Highway 312 and the Lanzhou-Xinjiang (Lanxin) Railway. The Lanxin Railway has several side branches within Jiuquan Prefecture. In particular, a railway branch runs from the Liugou Station in Guazhou County to Dunhuang, serving both Guazhou county seat and Dunhuang. There are plans to expand it further south into Qinghai; the extension, known as the Golmud–Dunhuang Railway, will connect Dunhuang to Golmud, Qinghai on the Qinghai–Tibet railway. There is also the Jiayuguan–Ceke branch, which runs through the desert areas of Jiuquan Prefecture's Jinta County.
Jiuquan is also served by Jiuquan Airport. There is also Dunhuang Airport in Dunhuang.
مركز اطلاق السواتل
Jiuquan is the closest major city to the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. Still, the space launch center is more than 100 km (330,000 ft) away from the city, and is actually located not in Gansu province, but in the neighboring Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was built in 1958; the first Chinese human spaceflight, Shenzhou 5 was launched there on 15 October 2003, making Yang Liwei China's first astronaut and a national hero. The second was in 2005.
الثقافة
Jiuquan is known within China as the first site of rhubarb cultivation.
انظر أيضاً
- Silk Route Museum
الهامش
- ^ [Jiuquan City Historical Development] (in الصينية). XZQH.org. 27 June 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
2010年第六次人口普查，酒泉市常住总人口1095947人，其中，肃州区428346人，金塔县147460人，瓜州县148798人，肃北蒙古族自治县14979人，阿克塞哈萨克族自治县10545人，玉门市159792人，敦煌市186027人。
- ^ (1887).
- ^ 485.
- ^ Hill (2009), pp. 124, 126.
- ^ Winchester (2008), p. 264.
- ^ (1878).
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^ [2016 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Jiuquan City] (in الصينية). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
统计用区划代码 名称 620901000000 市辖区 620902000000 肃州区 620921000000 金塔县 620922000000 瓜州县 620923000000 肃北蒙古族自治县 620924000000 阿克塞哈萨克族自治县 620981000000 玉门市 620982000000 敦煌市"
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^ [Jiuquan Overview] (in الصينية). Jiuquan People's Government. 28 March 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
全市辖“一区两市四县”（肃州区，玉门市、敦煌市，金塔县、瓜州县、肃北县和阿克塞县）
- ^ (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2010-05-04.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ . huochepiao.com (in الصينية). 2012-10-20. Archived 2012-12-09 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Winchester (2008), 264.
المراجع
- نطقب:Cite EB9
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. 26 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 7.
- Hill, John E. (2009) Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1.
- Winchester, Simon (2008). The Man Who Loved China. HarperCollins, New York. ISBN 978-0-06-088459-8.
وصلات خارجية
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Jiuquan. |
- Official website
- Rocket launch site—Astronautix
نطقب:Gansu
