قائمة الجائحات
الزمن المستغرق | Human history |
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This article is a list of deaths caused by an infectious disease. Widespread non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are not included.
15th century and earlier
Death toll (estimate) | Location | Date | Event | Disease | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
75,000–100,000 | Greece | 429–426 BC | Plague of Athens | Unknown, possibly typhus, typhoid fever or viral hemorrhagic fever | |
Unknown | Greece (Northern Greece, Roman Republic) | 412 BC | 412 BC epidemic | Unknown, possibly influenza | |
5–10 million | Roman Empire | 165–180 (possibly up to 190) | Antonine Plague | Unknown, possibly smallpox | |
1 million + (Unknown, but at least) | Europe | 250–266 | Plague of Cyprian | Unknown, possibly smallpox | |
25-100 million; 40–50% of population of Europe | Europe and West Asia | 541–542 | Plague of Justinian | Plague | |
British Isles | 664–689 | Plague of 664 | Plague | ||
2 million (Approx. 1⁄3 of entire Japanese population) | Japan | 735–737 | 735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic | Smallpox | |
Byzantine Empire, West Asia, Africa | 746–747 | Plague of 746–747 | Plague | ||
75–200 million (10–60% of European population) | Europe, Asia and North Africa | 1331–1353 | Black Death | Plague | |
10,000 + | Britain (England) and later continental Europe | 1485–1551 | Sweating sickness (multiple outbreaks) | Unknown, possibly an unknown species of hantavirus |
16th and 17th centuries
Death toll (estimate) | Location | Date | Event | Disease | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5–8 million (40% of population) | Mexico | 1520 | 1520 Smallpox Epidemic | Smallpox | |
5–15 million (80% of population) | Mexico | 1545–1548 | Cocoliztli Epidemic of 1545–1548 | ||
> 20,100 in London | London | 1563–1564 | 1563 London plague | Plague | |
2–2.5 million (50% of population) | Mexico | 1576–1580 | Cocoliztli epidemic of 1576 | ||
Seneca nation | 1592–1596 | Measles | |||
3,000 | Malta | 1592–1593 | 1592–93 Malta plague epidemic | Plague | |
> 19,900 in London and outer parishes | London | 1592–1593 | 1592–93 London plague | Plague | |
Spain | 1596–1602 | Plague | |||
South America | 1600–1650 | Malaria | |||
England | 1603 | Plague | |||
Egypt | 1609 | Plague | |||
30–90% of population | Southern New England, especially the Wampanoag people | 1616–1620 | 1616 New England epidemic | Unknown cause. Latest research suggests epidemic(s) of leptospirosis with Weil syndrome. Classic explanations include yellow fever, bubonic plague, influenza, smallpox, chickenpox, typhus, and syndemic infection of hepatitis B and hepatitis D. | |
280,000 | Italy | 1629–1631 | Italian plague of 1629–1631 | Plague | |
15,000-25,000 | Wyandot people | 1634 | Smallpox | ||
Thirteen Colonies | 1633 | Massachusetts smallpox epidemic | Smallpox | ||
England | 1636 | Plague | |||
China | 1641–1644 | Plague | |||
Spain | 1647–1652 | Great Plague of Seville | Plague | ||
Central America | 1648 | Yellow fever | |||
Italy | 1656 | Naples Plague | Plague | ||
Thirteen Colonies | 1657 | Measles | |||
24,148 | Netherlands | 1663–1664 | Plague | ||
100,000 | England | 1665–1666 | Great Plague of London | Plague | |
40,000 | France | 1668 | Plague | ||
11,300 | Malta | 1675–1676 | 1675–76 Malta plague epidemic | Plague | |
Spain | 1676–1685 | Plague | |||
76,000 | Austria | 1679 | Great Plague of Vienna | Plague | |
Thirteen Colonies | 1687 | Measles | |||
Thirteen Colonies | 1690 | Yellow fever |
18th century
Death toll (estimate) | Location | Date | Event | Disease | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canada, New France | 1702–1703 | Smallpox | |||
> 18,000 (36% of population) | Iceland | 1707–1709 | Great Smallpox Epidemic | Smallpox | |
Denmark, Sweden | 1710–1712 | Great Northern War plague outbreak | Plague | ||
Thirteen Colonies | 1713–1715 | Measles | |||
Canada, New France | 1714–1715 | Measles | |||
>100,000 | France | 1720–1722 | Great Plague of Marseille | Plague | |
Thirteen Colonies | 1721–1722 | Smallpox | |||
Thirteen Colonies | 1729 | Measles | |||
Spain | 1730 | Yellow fever | |||
Thirteen Colonies | 1732–1733 | Influenza | |||
Canada, New France | 1733 | Smallpox | |||
> 50,000 | Balkans | 1738 | Great Plague of 1738 | Plague | |
Thirteen Colonies | 1738 | Smallpox | |||
Thirteen Colonies | 1739–1740 | Measles | |||
Italy | 1743 | Plague | |||
Thirteen Colonies | 1747 | Measles | |||
North America | 1755–1756 | Smallpox | |||
North America | 1759 | Measles | |||
North America, West Indies | 1761 | Influenza | |||
North America, present-day Pittsburgh area. | 1763 | Smallpox | |||
> 50,000 | Russia | 1770–1772 | Russian plague of 1770–1772 | Plague | |
Pacific Northwest natives | 1770s | Smallpox | |||
North America | 1772 | Measles | |||
> 2,000,000 | Persia | 1772 | Persian Plague | Plague | |
England | 1775–1776 | Influenza | |||
Spain | 1778 | Dengue fever | |||
Plains Indians | 1780–1782 | North American smallpox epidemic | Smallpox | ||
Pueblo Indians | 1788 | Smallpox | |||
United States | 1788 | Measles | |||
New South Wales, Australia | 1789–1790 | Smallpox | |||
United States | 1793 | Influenza and epidemic typhus | |||
United States | 1793–1798 | Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793, resurgences | Yellow fever |
19th century
Death toll (estimate) | Location | Date | Event | Disease | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spain | 1800–1803 | Yellow fever | |||
Ottoman Empire, Egypt | 1801 | Bubonic plague | |||
United States | 1803 | Yellow fever | |||
Egypt | 1812 | Plague | |||
Ottoman Empire | 1812–19 | 1812–19 Ottoman plague epidemic | Plague | ||
4,500 | Malta | 1813–1814 | 1813–14 Malta plague epidemic | Plague | |
60,000 | Romania | 1813 | Caragea's plague | Plague | |
Ireland | 1816–1819 | Typhus | |||
> 100,000 | Asia, Europe | 1816–1826 | First cholera pandemic | Cholera | |
United States | 1820–1823 | Yellow fever | |||
Spain | 1821 | Yellow fever | |||
New South Wales, Australia | 1828 | Smallpox | |||
Netherlands | 1829 | Groningen epidemic | Malaria | ||
South Australia | 1829 | Smallpox | |||
Iran | 1829–1835 | Bubonic plague | |||
> 100,000 | Asia, Europe, North America | 1829–1851 | Second cholera pandemic | Cholera | |
Egypt | 1831 | Cholera | |||
Plains Indians | 1831–1834 | Smallpox | |||
England, France | 1832 | Cholera | |||
North America | 1832 | Cholera | |||
United States | 1833 | Cholera | |||
United States | 1834 | Cholera | |||
Egypt | 1834–1836 | Bubonic plague | |||
United States | 1837 | Typhus | |||
Great Plains | 1837–1838 | 1837–38 smallpox epidemic | Smallpox | ||
Dalmatia | 1840 | Plague | |||
South Africa | 1840 | Smallpox | |||
United States | 1841 | Yellow fever | |||
> 20,000 | Canada | 1847–1848 | Typhus epidemic of 1847 | Epidemic typhus | |
United States | 1847 | Yellow fever | |||
Worldwide | 1847–1848 | Influenza | |||
Egypt | 1848 | Cholera | |||
North America | 1848–1849 | Cholera | |||
United States | 1850 | Yellow fever | |||
North America | 1850–1851 | Influenza | |||
United States | 1851 | Cholera | |||
United States | 1852 | Yellow fever | |||
1,000,000 | Russia | 1852–1860 | Third cholera pandemic | Cholera | |
Ottoman Empire | 1853 | Plague | |||
4,737 | Copenhagen, Denmark | 1853 | Cholera epidemic of Copenhagen 1853 | Cholera | |
616 | England | 1854 | Broad Street cholera outbreak | Cholera | |
United States | 1855 | Yellow fever | |||
>12 million in India and China | Worldwide | 1855–1960 | Third plague pandemic | Bubonic plague | |
Portugal | 1857 | Yellow fever | |||
Victoria, Australia | 1857 | Smallpox | |||
Europe, North America, South America | 1857–1859 | Influenza | |||
> 3,000 | Central Coast, British Columbia | 1862–1863 | Smallpox | ||
Middle East | 1863–1879 | Fourth cholera pandemic | Cholera | ||
Egypt | 1865 | Cholera | |||
Russia, Germany | 1866–1867 | Cholera | |||
Australia | 1867 | Measles | |||
Iraq | 1867 | Plague | |||
Argentina | 1852–1871 | Yellow fever | |||
Germany | 1870–1871 | Smallpox | |||
40,000 | Fiji | 1875 | 1875 Fiji Measles outbreak | Measles | |
Russian Empire | 1877 | Plague | |||
Egypt | 1881 | Cholera | |||
> 9,000 | India, Germany | 1881–1896 | Fifth cholera pandemic | Cholera | |
3,164 | Montreal | 1885 | Smallpox | timeline | |
1,000,000 | Worldwide | 1889–1890 | 1889–1890 flu pandemic | Influenza | |
West Africa | 1900 | Yellow fever |
Late 19th and 20th centuries
Death toll (estimate) | Location | Date | Event | Disease | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Congo Basin | 1896–1906 | Trypanosomiasis | |||
> 800,000 | Europe, Asia, Africa | 1899–1923 | Sixth cholera pandemic | Cholera | |
113 | San Francisco | 1900–1904 | Bubonic plague | ||
Uganda | 1900–1920 | Trypanosomiasis | |||
Egypt | 1902 | Cholera | |||
22 | India | 1903 | Bubonic Plague | ||
4 | Fremantle | 1903 | Bubonic plague | ||
40,000 | China | 1910–1912 | 1910 China plague | Bubonic plague | |
1.5 million | worldwide | 1915–1926 | 1915 Encephalitis lethargica pandemic | Encephalitis lethargica | |
>7,000 | United States of America | 1916 | Poliomyelitis | ||
17-100 million | worldwide | 1918–1920 | Spanish flu (pandemic) | Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 | |
Russia | 1918–1922 | Typhus | |||
30 | Los Angeles | 1924 | 1924 Los Angeles pneumonic plague outbreak | Pneumonic plague | |
43 | Croydon, UK | 1937 | Croydon epidemic of typhoid fever | Typhoid fever | |
Egypt | 1942–1944 | Malaria | |||
China | 1946 | Bubonic plague | |||
Egypt | 1946 | Relapsing fever | |||
1,845 | United States of America | 1946 | Poliomyelitis | ||
Egypt | 1947 | Cholera | |||
2,720 | United States of America | 1949 | Poliomyelitis | ||
3,145 | United States of America | 1952 | Poliomyelitis | ||
2,000,000 | worldwide | 1957–1958 | Asian flu | Influenza A virus subtype H2N2 | |
worldwide | 1961–1975 | Seventh cholera pandemic | Cholera (El Tor strain) | ||
500 million | worldwide | 1877–1977 | Smallpox | ||
1,000,000 | worldwide | 1968–1969 | Hong Kong flu | Influenza A virus subtype H3N2 | |
5 | Netherlands | 1971 | Poliomyelitis | ||
35 | Yugoslavia | 1972 | 1972 outbreak of smallpox in Yugoslavia | Smallpox | |
1,027 | United States | 1972–1973 | London flu | Influenza A virus subtype H3N2 | |
15,000 | India | 1974 | 1974 smallpox epidemic of India | Smallpox | |
> 32,000,000 | worldwide | 1920–present | HIV/AIDS pandemic | HIV/AIDS | |
أمريكا الجنوبية | 1990s | Cholera | |||
52 | India | 1994 | 1994 plague epidemic in Surat | Plague | |
231 | worldwide | 1996–2001 | vCJD | ||
West Africa | 1996 | Meningitis | |||
105 | Malaysia | 1998–1999 | 1998–99 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak | Nipah virus infection | |
Central America | 2000 | Dengue fever |
21st century
Death toll (estimate) | Location | Date | Event | Disease | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
> 400 | Nigeria | 2001 | Cholera | ||
South Africa | 2001 | Cholera | |||
359 | China | 2002–2004 | 2002–2004 SARS outbreak | Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | |
299 | Hong Kong | ||||
37 | Taiwan | ||||
44 | Canada | ||||
33 | Singapore | ||||
Algeria | 2003 | Plague | |||
Afghanistan | 2004 | Leishmaniasis | |||
بنگلادش | 2004 | Cholera | |||
Indonesia | 2004 | Dengue fever | |||
Senegal | 2004 | Cholera | |||
7 | Sudan | 2004 | Ebola | ||
Mali | 2005 | Yellow fever | |||
27 | Singapore | 2005 | 2005 dengue outbreak in Singapore | Dengue fever | |
Luanda, Angola | 2006 | Cholera | |||
61 | Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo | 2006 | Plague | ||
17 | India | 2006 | ملاريا | ||
> 50 | India | 2006 | 2006 dengue outbreak in India | Dengue fever | |
India | 2006 | Chikungunya outbreaks | Chikungunya virus | ||
> 50 | Pakistan | 2006 | 2006 dengue outbreak in Pakistan | Dengue fever | |
Philippines | 2006 | Dengue fever | |||
187 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 2007 | Mweka ebola epidemic | Ebola | |
Ethiopia | 2007 | Cholera | |||
49 | India | 2008 | كوليرا | ||
10 | العراق | 2007 | 2007 Iraq cholera outbreak | Cholera | |
Nigeria | 2007 | Poliomyelitis | |||
Puerto Rico; Dominican Republic; Mexico | 2007 | Dengue fever | |||
الصومال | 2007 | Cholera | |||
37 | أوغندا | 2007 | إيبولا | ||
Vietnam | 2007 | كوليرا | |||
البرازيل | 2008 | Dengue fever | |||
كمبوديا | 2008 | Dengue fever | |||
Chad | 2008 | كوليرا | |||
الصين | 2008–2017 | Hand, foot and mouth disease | |||
Madagascar | 2008 | Bubonic plague | |||
Philippines | 2008 | Dengue fever | |||
Vietnam | 2008 | Cholera | |||
4,293 | زمبابوى | 2008–2009 | 2008–2009 Zimbabwean cholera outbreak | Cholera | |
18 | بوليڤيا | 2009 | 2009 Bolivian dengue fever epidemic | Dengue fever | |
49 | الهند | 2009 | 2009 Gujarat hepatitis outbreak | Hepatitis B | |
كوينزلاند، أستراليا | 2009 | Dengue fever | |||
جميع أنحاء العالم | 2009 | Mumps outbreaks in the 2000s | Mumps | ||
931 | غرب أفريقيا | 2009–2010 | 2009–2010 West African meningitis outbreak | Meningitis | |
18,000+ (deaths confirmed by WHO). | Worldwide | 2009-2010 | 2009 flu pandemic (informally called "swine flu") | Pandemic H1N1/09 virus | |
10,075 (May 2017) | هسپانيولا | 2010–الحاضر | Haiti cholera outbreak | Cholera (strain serogroup O1, serotype Ogawa) | |
> 4,500 (February 2014) | جمهورية الكونغوالديمقراطية | 2011–الحاضر | Measles | ||
170 | ڤيتنام | 2011–الحاضر | Hand, foot and mouth disease | ||
> 350 | پاكستان | 2011 | 2011 dengue outbreak in Pakistan | Dengue fever | |
171 (اعتبارا من 10 يناير 2013 | [تحديث])Darfur Sudan | 2012 | 2012 yellow fever outbreak in Darfur, Sudan | Yellow fever | |
862 (اعتبارا من 13 يناير 2020 | [تحديث])جميع أنحاء العالم | 2012–الحاضر | 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak | Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) | |
142 | Vietnam | 2013–2014 | Measles | ||
>> 11,300 | جميع أنحاء العالم، بهجرز أساسي في غرب أفريقيا | 2013–2016 | Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa | Ebola virus disease | |
183 | الأمريكتان | 2013–2015 | 2013–14 chikungunya outbreak | Chikungunya | |
40 | مدغشقر | 2014–2017 | 2014 Madagascar plague outbreak | Bubonic plague | |
36 | India | 2014–2015 | 2014 Odisha jaundice outbreak | Primarily Hepatitis E, but also Hepatitis A | |
2,035 | India | 2015 | 2015 Indian swine flu outbreak | Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 | |
~53 | Worldwide | 2015–2016 | 2015–16 Zika virus epidemic | Zika virus | |
100s (اعتبارا من 1 أبريل 2016 | [تحديث])Africa | 2016 | 2016 yellow fever outbreak in Angola | Yellow fever | |
3,886 (اعتبارا من 30 نوفمبر 2019 | [تحديث])Yemen | 2016–present | 2016–20 Yemen cholera outbreak | Cholera | |
64 (اعتبارا من 16 أغسطس 2017 | [تحديث])India | 2017 | 2017 Gorakhpur Japanese encephalitis outbreak | Japanese encephalitis | |
18 (اعتبارا من فبراير 2020[تحديث]) | India | 2018 | 2018 Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala | Nipah virus infection | |
2,253 (اعتبارا من 20 فبراير 2020 | [تحديث])Democratic Republic of the Congo & Uganda | August 2018–present | 2018–20 Kivu Ebola epidemic | Ebola virus disease | |
>5,000 (by November 2019) | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 2019–present | 2019 measles outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo | Measles | |
83 | Samoa | 2019–present | 2019 Samoa measles outbreak | Measles | |
>2,000 (Approx) | Asia-Pacific, Latin America | 2019–present | 2019-20 dengue fever epidemic | Dengue fever | |
22,000+ (اعتبارا من 26 مارس 2020 [تحديث]) |
Worldwide | 2019–present | 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic | Coronavirus disease 2019 |
انظر أيضاً
- List of Ebola outbreaks
- History of smallpox
- Timeline of plague
- Timeline of cholera
- Globalization and disease
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