قائمة الجائحات

عودة للموسوعة

قائمة الجائحات

List of deaths caused by infectious disease
الزمن المستغرق Human history

This article is a list of deaths caused by an infectious disease. Widespread non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are not included.

15th century and earlier

Death toll (estimate) Location Date Event Disease Ref.
75,000–100,000 Greece 429–426 BC Plague of Athens Unknown, possibly typhus, typhoid fever or viral hemorrhagic fever
Unknown Greece (Northern Greece, Roman Republic) 412 BC 412 BC epidemic Unknown, possibly influenza
5–10 million Roman Empire 165–180 (possibly up to 190) Antonine Plague Unknown, possibly smallpox
1 million + (Unknown, but at least) Europe 250–266 Plague of Cyprian Unknown, possibly smallpox
25-100 million; 40–50% of population of Europe Europe and West Asia 541–542 Plague of Justinian Plague
British Isles 664–689 Plague of 664 Plague
2 million (Approx. 13 of entire Japanese population) Japan 735–737 735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic Smallpox
Byzantine Empire, West Asia, Africa 746–747 Plague of 746–747 Plague
75–200 million (10–60% of European population) Europe, Asia and North Africa 1331–1353 Black Death Plague
10,000 + Britain (England) and later continental Europe 1485–1551 Sweating sickness (multiple outbreaks) Unknown, possibly an unknown species of hantavirus


16th and 17th centuries

Death toll (estimate) Location Date Event Disease Ref.
5–8 million (40% of population) Mexico 1520 1520 Smallpox Epidemic Smallpox
5–15 million (80% of population) Mexico 1545–1548 Cocoliztli Epidemic of 1545–1548
> 20,100 in London London 1563–1564 1563 London plague Plague
2–2.5 million (50% of population) Mexico 1576–1580 Cocoliztli epidemic of 1576
Seneca nation 1592–1596 Measles
3,000 Malta 1592–1593 1592–93 Malta plague epidemic Plague
> 19,900 in London and outer parishes London 1592–1593 1592–93 London plague Plague
Spain 1596–1602 Plague
South America 1600–1650 Malaria
England 1603 Plague
Egypt 1609 Plague
30–90% of population Southern New England, especially the Wampanoag people 1616–1620 1616 New England epidemic Unknown cause. Latest research suggests epidemic(s) of leptospirosis with Weil syndrome. Classic explanations include yellow fever, bubonic plague, influenza, smallpox, chickenpox, typhus, and syndemic infection of hepatitis B and hepatitis D.
280,000 Italy 1629–1631 Italian plague of 1629–1631 Plague
15,000-25,000 Wyandot people 1634 Smallpox
Thirteen Colonies 1633 Massachusetts smallpox epidemic Smallpox
England 1636 Plague
China 1641–1644 Plague
Spain 1647–1652 Great Plague of Seville Plague
Central America 1648 Yellow fever
Italy 1656 Naples Plague Plague
Thirteen Colonies 1657 Measles
24,148 Netherlands 1663–1664 Plague
100,000 England 1665–1666 Great Plague of London Plague
40,000 France 1668 Plague
11,300 Malta 1675–1676 1675–76 Malta plague epidemic Plague
Spain 1676–1685 Plague
76,000 Austria 1679 Great Plague of Vienna Plague
Thirteen Colonies 1687 Measles
Thirteen Colonies 1690 Yellow fever

18th century

Death toll (estimate) Location Date Event Disease Ref.
Canada, New France 1702–1703 Smallpox
> 18,000 (36% of population) Iceland 1707–1709 Great Smallpox Epidemic Smallpox
Denmark, Sweden 1710–1712 Great Northern War plague outbreak Plague
Thirteen Colonies 1713–1715 Measles
Canada, New France 1714–1715 Measles
>100,000 France 1720–1722 Great Plague of Marseille Plague
Thirteen Colonies 1721–1722 Smallpox
Thirteen Colonies 1729 Measles
Spain 1730 Yellow fever
Thirteen Colonies 1732–1733 Influenza
Canada, New France 1733 Smallpox
> 50,000 Balkans 1738 Great Plague of 1738 Plague
Thirteen Colonies 1738 Smallpox
Thirteen Colonies 1739–1740 Measles
Italy 1743 Plague
Thirteen Colonies 1747 Measles
North America 1755–1756 Smallpox
North America 1759 Measles
North America, West Indies 1761 Influenza
North America, present-day Pittsburgh area. 1763 Smallpox
> 50,000 Russia 1770–1772 Russian plague of 1770–1772 Plague
Pacific Northwest natives 1770s Smallpox
North America 1772 Measles
> 2,000,000 Persia 1772 Persian Plague Plague
England 1775–1776 Influenza
Spain 1778 Dengue fever
Plains Indians 1780–1782 North American smallpox epidemic Smallpox
Pueblo Indians 1788 Smallpox
United States 1788 Measles
New South Wales, Australia 1789–1790 Smallpox
United States 1793 Influenza and epidemic typhus
United States 1793–1798 Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793, resurgences Yellow fever


19th century

Death toll (estimate) Location Date Event Disease Ref.
Spain 1800–1803 Yellow fever
Ottoman Empire, Egypt 1801 Bubonic plague
United States 1803 Yellow fever
Egypt 1812 Plague
Ottoman Empire 1812–19 1812–19 Ottoman plague epidemic Plague
4,500 Malta 1813–1814 1813–14 Malta plague epidemic Plague
60,000 Romania 1813 Caragea's plague Plague
Ireland 1816–1819 Typhus
> 100,000 Asia, Europe 1816–1826 First cholera pandemic Cholera
United States 1820–1823 Yellow fever
Spain 1821 Yellow fever
New South Wales, Australia 1828 Smallpox
Netherlands 1829 Groningen epidemic Malaria
South Australia 1829 Smallpox
Iran 1829–1835 Bubonic plague
> 100,000 Asia, Europe, North America 1829–1851 Second cholera pandemic Cholera
Egypt 1831 Cholera
Plains Indians 1831–1834 Smallpox
England, France 1832 Cholera
North America 1832 Cholera
United States 1833 Cholera
United States 1834 Cholera
Egypt 1834–1836 Bubonic plague
United States 1837 Typhus
Great Plains 1837–1838 1837–38 smallpox epidemic Smallpox
Dalmatia 1840 Plague
South Africa 1840 Smallpox
United States 1841 Yellow fever
> 20,000 Canada 1847–1848 Typhus epidemic of 1847 Epidemic typhus
United States 1847 Yellow fever
Worldwide 1847–1848 Influenza
Egypt 1848 Cholera
North America 1848–1849 Cholera
United States 1850 Yellow fever
North America 1850–1851 Influenza
United States 1851 Cholera
United States 1852 Yellow fever
1,000,000 Russia 1852–1860 Third cholera pandemic Cholera
Ottoman Empire 1853 Plague
4,737 Copenhagen, Denmark 1853 Cholera epidemic of Copenhagen 1853 Cholera
616 England 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak Cholera
United States 1855 Yellow fever
>12 million in India and China Worldwide 1855–1960 Third plague pandemic Bubonic plague
Portugal 1857 Yellow fever
Victoria, Australia 1857 Smallpox
Europe, North America, South America 1857–1859 Influenza
> 3,000 Central Coast, British Columbia 1862–1863 Smallpox
Middle East 1863–1879 Fourth cholera pandemic Cholera
Egypt 1865 Cholera
Russia, Germany 1866–1867 Cholera
Australia 1867 Measles
Iraq 1867 Plague
Argentina 1852–1871 Yellow fever
Germany 1870–1871 Smallpox
40,000 Fiji 1875 1875 Fiji Measles outbreak Measles
Russian Empire 1877 Plague
Egypt 1881 Cholera
> 9,000 India, Germany 1881–1896 Fifth cholera pandemic Cholera
3,164 Montreal 1885 Smallpox timeline
1,000,000 Worldwide 1889–1890 1889–1890 flu pandemic Influenza
West Africa 1900 Yellow fever


Late 19th and 20th centuries

Death toll (estimate) Location Date Event Disease Ref.
Congo Basin 1896–1906 Trypanosomiasis
> 800,000 Europe, Asia, Africa 1899–1923 Sixth cholera pandemic Cholera
113 San Francisco 1900–1904 Bubonic plague
Uganda 1900–1920 Trypanosomiasis
Egypt 1902 Cholera
22 India 1903 Bubonic Plague
4 Fremantle 1903 Bubonic plague
40,000 China 1910–1912 1910 China plague Bubonic plague
1.5 million worldwide 1915–1926 1915 Encephalitis lethargica pandemic Encephalitis lethargica
>7,000 United States of America 1916 Poliomyelitis
17-100 million worldwide 1918–1920 Spanish flu (pandemic) Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
Russia 1918–1922 Typhus
30 Los Angeles 1924 1924 Los Angeles pneumonic plague outbreak Pneumonic plague
43 Croydon, UK 1937 Croydon epidemic of typhoid fever Typhoid fever
Egypt 1942–1944 Malaria
China 1946 Bubonic plague
Egypt 1946 Relapsing fever
1,845 United States of America 1946 Poliomyelitis
Egypt 1947 Cholera
2,720 United States of America 1949 Poliomyelitis
3,145 United States of America 1952 Poliomyelitis
2,000,000 worldwide 1957–1958 Asian flu Influenza A virus subtype H2N2
worldwide 1961–1975 Seventh cholera pandemic Cholera (El Tor strain)
500 million worldwide 1877–1977 Smallpox
1,000,000 worldwide 1968–1969 Hong Kong flu Influenza A virus subtype H3N2
5 Netherlands 1971 Poliomyelitis
35 Yugoslavia 1972 1972 outbreak of smallpox in Yugoslavia Smallpox
1,027 United States 1972–1973 London flu Influenza A virus subtype H3N2
15,000 India 1974 1974 smallpox epidemic of India Smallpox
> 32,000,000 worldwide 1920–present HIV/AIDS pandemic HIV/AIDS
أمريكا الجنوبية 1990s Cholera
52 India 1994 1994 plague epidemic in Surat Plague
231 worldwide 1996–2001 vCJD
West Africa 1996 Meningitis
105 Malaysia 1998–1999 1998–99 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak Nipah virus infection
Central America 2000 Dengue fever

21st century

Death toll (estimate) Location Date Event Disease Ref.
> 400 Nigeria 2001 Cholera
South Africa 2001 Cholera
359 China 2002–2004 2002–2004 SARS outbreak Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
299 Hong Kong
37 Taiwan
44 Canada
33 Singapore
Algeria 2003 Plague
Afghanistan 2004 Leishmaniasis
بنگلادش 2004 Cholera
Indonesia 2004 Dengue fever
Senegal 2004 Cholera
7 Sudan 2004 Ebola
Mali 2005 Yellow fever
27 Singapore 2005 2005 dengue outbreak in Singapore Dengue fever
Luanda, Angola 2006 Cholera
61 Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2006 Plague
17 India 2006 ملاريا
> 50 India 2006 2006 dengue outbreak in India Dengue fever
India 2006 Chikungunya outbreaks Chikungunya virus
> 50 Pakistan 2006 2006 dengue outbreak in Pakistan Dengue fever
Philippines 2006 Dengue fever
187 Democratic Republic of the Congo 2007 Mweka ebola epidemic Ebola
Ethiopia 2007 Cholera
49 India 2008 كوليرا
10 العراق 2007 2007 Iraq cholera outbreak Cholera
Nigeria 2007 Poliomyelitis
Puerto Rico; Dominican Republic; Mexico 2007 Dengue fever
الصومال 2007 Cholera
37 أوغندا 2007 إيبولا
Vietnam 2007 كوليرا
البرازيل 2008 Dengue fever
كمبوديا 2008 Dengue fever
Chad 2008 كوليرا
الصين 2008–2017 Hand, foot and mouth disease
Madagascar 2008 Bubonic plague
Philippines 2008 Dengue fever
Vietnam 2008 Cholera
4,293 زمبابوى 2008–2009 2008–2009 Zimbabwean cholera outbreak Cholera
18 بوليڤيا 2009 2009 Bolivian dengue fever epidemic Dengue fever
49 الهند 2009 2009 Gujarat hepatitis outbreak Hepatitis B
كوينزلاند، أستراليا 2009 Dengue fever
جميع أنحاء العالم 2009 Mumps outbreaks in the 2000s Mumps
931 غرب أفريقيا 2009–2010 2009–2010 West African meningitis outbreak Meningitis
18,000+ (deaths confirmed by WHO). Worldwide 2009-2010 2009 flu pandemic (informally called "swine flu") Pandemic H1N1/09 virus
10,075 (May 2017) هسپانيولا 2010–الحاضر Haiti cholera outbreak Cholera (strain serogroup O1, serotype Ogawa)
> 4,500 (February 2014) جمهورية الكونغوالديمقراطية 2011–الحاضر Measles
170 ڤيتنام 2011–الحاضر Hand, foot and mouth disease
> 350 پاكستان 2011 2011 dengue outbreak in Pakistan Dengue fever
171 (اعتبارا من 10 يناير 2013 (2013-01-10)) Darfur Sudan 2012 2012 yellow fever outbreak in Darfur, Sudan Yellow fever
862 (اعتبارا من 13 يناير 2020 (2020-01-13)) جميع أنحاء العالم 2012–الحاضر 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
142 Vietnam 2013–2014 Measles
>> 11,300 جميع أنحاء العالم، بهجرز أساسي في غرب أفريقيا 2013–2016 Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa Ebola virus disease
183 الأمريكتان 2013–2015 2013–14 chikungunya outbreak Chikungunya
40 مدغشقر 2014–2017 2014 Madagascar plague outbreak Bubonic plague
36 India 2014–2015 2014 Odisha jaundice outbreak Primarily Hepatitis E, but also Hepatitis A
2,035 India 2015 2015 Indian swine flu outbreak Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
~53 Worldwide 2015–2016 2015–16 Zika virus epidemic Zika virus
100s (اعتبارا من 1 أبريل 2016 (2016-04-01)) Africa 2016 2016 yellow fever outbreak in Angola Yellow fever
3,886 (اعتبارا من 30 نوفمبر 2019 (2019-11-30)) Yemen 2016–present 2016–20 Yemen cholera outbreak Cholera
64 (اعتبارا من 16 أغسطس 2017 (2017-08-16)) India 2017 2017 Gorakhpur Japanese encephalitis outbreak Japanese encephalitis
18 (اعتبارا من فبراير 2020) India 2018 2018 Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala Nipah virus infection
2,253 (اعتبارا من 20 فبراير 2020 (2020-02-20)) Democratic Republic of the Congo & Uganda August 2018–present 2018–20 Kivu Ebola epidemic Ebola virus disease
>5,000 (by November 2019) Democratic Republic of the Congo 2019–present 2019 measles outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Measles
83 Samoa 2019–present 2019 Samoa measles outbreak Measles
>2,000 (Approx) Asia-Pacific, Latin America 2019–present 2019-20 dengue fever epidemic Dengue fever
22,000+
(اعتبارا من 26 مارس 2020 (2020-03-26))
Worldwide 2019–present 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic Coronavirus disease 2019

انظر أيضاً

  • List of Ebola outbreaks
  • History of smallpox
  • Timeline of plague
  • Timeline of cholera
  • Globalization and disease

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للاستزادة

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تاريخ النشر: 2020-06-09 06:48:19
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