شكل النجمة التساعية (اضغط على الرقم لقراءة الملفة)

النجمة التساعية للشخصية أوتصنيف الشخصيات التسعة Instinctual subtypes — وتعهد باسم النجمة التساعية — هوتطبيق لشكل النجمة التساعية الهندسي فيما يتعلق بالسمات الشخصية المتنوعة. يتكون شكل النجمة التساعية من عشر نقاط، تمثل عادة داخل دائرة.

The Enneagram of Personality is mostly taught and understood as a psychospiritual typology (a model of personality types) but is also presented in ways intended to discover and develop higher states of being, essence and enlightenment. Each Enneagram personality type expresses a distinctive and habitual pattern of thinking and emotions. The behavioral characteristics of the personality types are less distinctive. It is claimed^[] that by recognizing their personality pattern a person may be able to use the Enneagram as an effective method for self-understanding and self-development.

The term Enneatype rather than "Enneagram personality type" is used in some publications. The International Enneagram Association claims that the Enneagram of Personality is being applied in many varied fields including business, psychotherapy, organizational development, career coaching, the arts, health care, parenting, education, and spiritual growth.

شكل النجمة

The enneagram figure is usually composed of three parts, a circle, an inner triangle and a hexagonal "periodic figure". According to esoteric spiritual traditions, the circle symbolizes unity, the inner triangle symbolizes the "law of three" and the hexagon represents the "law of seven". These three elements constitute the enneagram figure.

التنمية

G. I. Gurdjieff

The enneagram figure used with the Enneagram of Personality was first brought to the attention of the modern world by G. I. Gurdjieff, though it was first published by P.D. Ouspensky, a student of Gurdjieff, in 1947 in his book In Search of the Miraculous. Although Gurdjieff used the figure to describe possibilities of human development, his concept of it was principally related to the symbolic communication of ancient knowledge and the "self-work" process through which people may develop insight rather than the categorizing of personality styles.

Oscar Ichazo

Oscar Ichazo assigned what he referred to as ego fixations to each of the nine points of the enneagram figure (which in his early teachings is usually called an enneagon). With a number of other dimensions of personality mapped with the enneagram figure, Ichazo's Enneagon of Ego Fixations formed the principal basis of the Enneagram of Personality as it is now usually understood. Some aspects of Enneagram of Personality teachings, however, are mainly derived from Claudio Naranjo who had studied with Ichazo in Chile.

Ichazo, from the 1950s, taught a program of self-development work that he calls "Protoanalysis" which uses the enneagram figure among many other symbols and ideas. Ichazo founded the Arica Institute which was originally based in Chile. The contemporary Arica School offers programs around the world in various aspects of Ichazo's work.

Claudio Naranjo

Claudio Naranjo, a Chilean-born, American-trained psychiatrist who extensively explored the theories of personality, studied with Ichazo in Chile. He then took Ichazo's teachings and further developed them, articulating nine personality types in Western psychological terms. Naranjo then brought his understanding of the Enneagram system to Berkeley, California, where he taught it to private students in the context of his own program of self-development work in the early 1970s.

Based on material first taught by Claudio Naranjo, authors such as Helen Palmer, Don Riso, Russ Hudson, Patrick O'Leary, Richard Rohr and Elizabeth Wagele began to publish the first widely read books on the Enneagram of Personality beginning in the 1980s and 1990s.

أنواع الشخصيات التسعة

According to Enneagram of Personality theory, the points of the enneagram figure indicate a number of ways in which nine principal ego-archetypal forms or types of human personality ("Enneatypes") are psychologically connected.

People of each Enneatype are usually referred to after the number of the point on the enneagram figure (Eights, Fours, Sixes etc.) that indicates their particular psychological space and 'place' of connection to the other types. They are also often given names that suggest some of their more distinctive archetypal characteristics.

Brief descriptions of the nine Enneatypes are as follows:

الأولى

سمات الشخصية: المثالي
Ego Fixation: Resentment
الفكرة المقدسة: الكمال
المخاوف الأساسية: Being corrupt/evil, defective
الرغبة الأساسية: To be good, to have integrity, to be balanced
Temptation: To be hypocritical or hypercritical of others
Vice/Passion: Anger
Virtue: Serenity
Stress/Disintegration point: Four. Angry and critical Ones may become moody and irrational like unhealthy Fours
Security/Integration point: Seven. Objective and principled Ones may become more spontaneous and joyful like healthy Sevens

الثانية

سمات الشخصية: المساعد
Ego Fixation: Flattery
الفكرة المقدسة: الحرية
المخاوف الأساسية: Being unworthy of being loved
الرغبة الأساسية: To be loved unconditionally
Temptation: To manipulate others in order to get positive responses
Vice/Passion: Pride (specifically, Vainglory, the love of one's own goodness)
Virtue: Altruism
Stress/Disintegration point: Eights. When Twos give without receiving back they become manipulative and angry like unhealthy Eights
Security/Integration point: Four. Helpful Twos may become emotionally strong, caring, and authentic like healthy Fours

الثالثة

سمات الشخصية: المنجز
Ego fixation: Vanity
كمال: الأمل
المخاوف الأساسية: Being worthless
الرغبة الأساسية: حتى يصبح ذوقيمة
Temptation: To please everybody
Vice/Passion: Deceit
Virtue: Truthfulness
Stress/Disintegration point: Nine. Burnt-out Threes may begin to disengage from their relentless drive to success and behave like unhealthy Nines
Security/Integration point: Six. If Threes recognize that being on top of everything is not everything, they may become comfortable in being committed to others, like healthy Sixes. Commitment to relationships may enable them to explore their emotions

الرابعة

سمات الشخصية: المبدع
Ego fixation: Melancholy
الفكرة المقدسة: Origin
المخاوف الأساسية: Being commonplace
الرغبة الأساسية: To be unique and authentic
Temptation: To beat themselves up and withdraw
Vice/Passion: Envy
Virtue: Equanimity
Stress/Disintegration point: Two. Disintegrating Fours may become dissatisfied like unhealthy Twos
Security/Integration point: One. Self-actualized Fours may become idealistic and progressive like healthy Ones

الخامسة

سمات الشخصية: الملاحظ
Ego Fixation: Stinginess
الفكرة المقدسة: Omniscience
المخاوف الأساسية: Being useless, helpless, or incapable
الرغبة الأساسية: To be capable and competent
Temptation: To keep the world at bay
Vice/Passion: Avarice
Virtue: Detachment
Stress/Disintegration point: Seven. Detached Fives may become hyperactive and scattered like unhealthy Sevens
Security/Integration point: Eight. Integrated Fives may become self-confident and decisive like healthy Eights

السادسة

سمات الشخصية: الملتزم
Ego fixation: Cowardice
الفكرة المقدسة:' الايمان
المخاوف الأساسية : To be without a support system in an unforgiving world
الرغبة الأساسية: حتى يشعر بالأمان
Temptation: To question the intentions of everyone around them
Vice/Passion: Fear
Virtue: Courage
Stress/Disintegration point: Three. Paranoid and anxious Sixes may try to win over others, like unhealthy Threes, to cover up their anxiety
Security/Integration point: Nine. Positive Sixes may become more peaceful, open and receptive like healthy Nines

السابعة

سمات الشخصية: المتحمس
Ego fixation: التخطيط
الفكرة المقدسة: العمل
المخاوف الأساسية: Boredom
الرغبة الأساسية: To experience as much of the world as possible
Temptation: Moving too fast
Vice/Passion: Gluttony
Virtue: Sobriety
Stress/Disintegration point: One. When forced to stand still, Sevens may become irritable and impatient like unhealthy Ones
Security/Integration point: Five. Confident and experienced Sevens may bring a sense of calm to hectic situations like healthy Fives

الثامنة

سمات الشخصية: المتحدي
Ego fixation: Vengeance
الفكرة المقدسة: الحقيقة
المخاوف الأساسية: Of being harmed or controlled by others, of violation
الرغبة الأساسية: To protect themselves, to determine their own course in life
Temptation: To be too self-sufficient
Vice/Passion: Lust
Virtue: Magnanimity
Stress/Disintegration point: Five. Eights may become withdrawn and isolated like unhealthy Fives in their pursuit of control
Security/Integration point: Two. Proactive and forward-thinking Eights learn to become helpful and cooperative like healthy Twos

التاسعة

سمة الشخصية: صانع السلام
Ego fixation: Indolence, self-forgetting
الفكرة المقدسة: الحب
المخاوف الأساسية: الضياع والانفصال; الفناء
الرغبة الأساسية: To maintain inner stability and peace of mind
Temptation: To go along to get along
Vice/Passion: Indifference
Virtue: Right action
Stress/Disintegration point: Six. Nines may become anxious, suspicious, and negative like unhealthy Sixes and may express more aggression
Security/Integration point: Three. Nines may begin to work at developing themselves and their potential and move into greater action in the world, like healthier Threes

الارتباطات بين الأنواع

الأجنحة

نقاط الأمن والضغط

Instinctual subtypes

المعايير الاتجاهية

انظر أيضا

• نجمة تساعية (توضيح)
• نجمة تساعية (هندسة)
• مدرسة أريكا
• الطريق الرابع
• Fourth Way Enneagram
• فاكهة الروح القدس
• Nonagon

قراءات إضافية

• Almaas, A. H. (2000). Facets of Unity: The Enneagram of Holy Ideas. Shambhala. ISBN .
• Bartlett, Carolyn (2008). The Enneagram Field Guide: Notes on Using the Enneagram in Counseling, Therapy and Personal Growth. ISBN .
• Beesing, Maira (O'Leary, Patrick; and Nogosek, Robert J.). The Enneagram: A Journey of Self-Discovery. Dimension Books. ISBN . Check date values in: |year= (help)
• Daniels, David (Updated and Revised 2009). The Essential Enneagram: Test and Self-Discovery Guide. HarperOne. ISBN . Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Check date values in: |year= (help)
• Goldberg, Michael J. (1999). 9 Ways of Working. Marlowe & Company. ISBN .
• Hurley, Kathleen V. (1993). My Best Self: Using the Enneagram to Free the Soul. HarperOne. ISBN .
• Ichazo, Oscar (1982). Interviews with Oscar Ichazo. Arica Press. ISBN .
• Maitri, Sandra (2001). The Spiritual Dimension of the Enneagram: Nine Faces of the Soul. Tarcher. ISBN .
• Maitri, Sandra (2005). The Enneagram of Passions and Virtues: Finding the Way Home. Tarcher. ISBN .
• Naranjo, Claudio (1990). Character and Neurosis. Gateway Books & Tapes. ISBN .
• Naranjo, Claudio (1990). Ennea-type Structures: Self-Analysis for the Seeker. Gateway Books & Tapes. ISBN .
• Naranjo, Claudio (1995). Enneatypes and Psychotherapy. Gateway Books & Tapes. ISBN .
• Naranjo, Claudio (1997). Transformation Through Insight: Enneatypes in Life. Hohm Press. ISBN .
• Palmer, Helen (1988). The Enneagram: Understanding Yourself and the Others in Your Life. Harper & Row. ISBN .
• Palmer, Helen (1996). The Enneagram in Love and Work: Understanding your Intimate and Business Relationships. HarperOne. ISBN .
• Riso, Don Richard (1996). Personality Types. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN . Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Riso, Don Richard (1999). Wisdom of the Enneagram. Bantam. ISBN . Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Rohr, Richard (2001). The Enneagram: A Christian Perspective. Crossroad. ISBN .
• Wagele, Elizabeth (1994). The Enneagram Made Easy. HarperOne. ISBN . Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Wagele, Elizabeth (1995). Are You My Type, Am I Yours? : Relationships Made Easy Through The Enneagram. HarperOne. ISBN . Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Wagele, Elizabeth (1997). The Enneagram of Parenting: Theتسعة Types of Children and How to Raise Them Successfully. HarperOne. ISBN .
• Wagele, Elizabeth (2007). Finding the Birthday Cake; Helping Children Raise Their Self-Esteem (An Enneagram book for children). New Horizon Press. ISBN .
• Wagele, Elizabeth (2010). The Career Within You. HarperOne. ISBN . Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Riso, Don Richard (2000). Understanding the Enneagram; the practical guide to personality types. Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN . Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

المصادر

وصلات خارجية

• Arica School website
• International Enneagram Association website
• History of the Enneagram of Personality article
• Enneagram Monthly website

مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Enneagram (Personality).