سنكونا
| سنكونا | |
|---|---|
| Cinchona pubescens - flowers | |
| التصنيف الفهمي | |
| مملكة: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cinchonoideae |
| Tribe: | Cinchoneae |
| Genus: |
''Cinchona'' L. |
| Species | |
|
about 38 species; see text | |
السنكونا Cinchona أوQuina هي صنف من حوالي 38 في عائلة Rubiaceae، وموطنها الأصلي أمريكا الجنوبية.
التاريخ
Cinchona officinalis. Bark
Peru offers a branch of cinchona to Science (from a 17th century engraving). Cinchona genus is the source of Peruvian Bark, an important historical remedy against malaria.
19th century illustration of Cinchona calisaya
الزراعة
Health claims
Cinchona pubescens - fruit
Cinchona has been used for a number of medical reasons such as:
- Treats malaria
- Kills parasites
- Reduces fever
- Regulates heartbeat
- Calms nerves
- Stimulates digestion
- Kills germs
- Reduces spasms
- Kills insects
- Relieves pain
- Kills bacteria and fungi
- Dries secretions
The main reason for its use is to treat malaria, but it is rarely used today as many people think it is dangerous, as it can kill if taken in large amounts.[][]
الكيمياء
قلويدات الكينا
Cinchona alkaloids include:
- cinchonine and cinchonidine (stereoisomers with R = vinyl, R' = hydrogen)
- quinine and quinidine (stereoisomers with R = vinyl, R' = methoxy)
- dihydroquinidine & dihydroquinine (stereoisomers with R = ethyl, R' = methoxy)
They find use in organic chemistry as organocatalysts in asymmetric synthesis.
غيرها من المواد الكيميائية
أنواعها
|
الهوامش
- ^ ". Taxonomy. UniProt. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
- ^ Motley, Cheryl. "Cinchona and its product--Quinine". Ethnobotanical leaflets. Southern Illinois University Herbarium. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
المصادر
- Reader's Digest, Strange Stories, Amazing Facts II; Title : "The Bark of Barks" -Reader's digest publication
- The Journals of Hipólito Ruiz: Spanish Botanist in Peru and Chile 1777-1788, translated by Richard Evans Schultes and María José Nemry von Thenen de Jaramillo-Arango, Timber Press, 1998
- Druilhe, P., et al., Activity of a combination of three Cinchona bark alkaloids against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 32(2):25-254.
- [1]
وصلات خارجية
 |
مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Cinchona calisaya. |
|
مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Cinchona pubescens. |
- Cinchona project - Ortiz
- Maricela Argudo's Cinchona Project
- Cinchona Bark
- Using Bark to Cure the Bite
- Cinchona Alkaloids
- Peruvian Bark
- Cinchona photo
- Photos of Cinchona pubescens
