كوانگ‌ميونگ‌سونگ-3 (Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3، الكورية: 광명성 3호; هانجا: 光明星3號; حرفياً: النجم الساطع-3 أوالنجم المعدني-3)، هوساتل رصد أرض كوري شمالي، والذي حسب ما أعربته الحكومة الكورية، أطلق لأغراض التنبؤ الجوي، ويعتقد الغرب أنه كان تجربة اختبار إطلاق صواريخ باليستية. أطلق الساتل في الساعة 7.39 صبحاً حسب التوقيع المحلي الكوري، على حامل الصواريخ اونها-3 من محطة سوهائي لاطلاق السواتل. انفجر الصاروخ بعد 90 ثانية من الاطلاق فور انتهاء نيران الفترة الأولى للصاروخ. كان من المقرر إطلاق الصاروخ في الذكرى المئوية لميلاد كيم إل-سونگن مؤسس الجمهورية الكورية. في 1 ديسمبر 2012 أعربت كوريا الشمالية عن إطلاق ساتل بديل فيما بينعشرة و22 ديسمبر 2012. بعد تأخير موعد الاطلاق حتى 29 ديسمبر،أطلق الصاروخ في 12 ديسمبر 2012.

التسمية

"كوانگ‌ميونگ‌سونگ" هورمز للقومية الكورية الشمالية ولعائلة كيم. رغم حتى كيم جونگ-إيل آخر زعيم كوري شمالي، كان قد ولد في قرية ڤياتسكويه]] بالقرب من خاباروڤسك، الشرق الأقصى الروسي، تدعي مصادر كورية شمالية حتى كيم كان قد ولد في جبل پائكتو، في يوم ظهور النجم الساطع (كوانگ‌ميونگ‌سونگ) في السماء، ولذلك يفهم الجميع حتى جنرال حديث قد وُلد.^[]

الاعلان قبل الاطلاق

ردود العمل الدولية عن الاعلان

الدول

•  أستراليا – صرح وزير الخارجية الأسترالي بوب كار حتى اطلاق الصاروخ سيكون خرقاً صريحاً لقرارات مجلس الأمن وسوف يعرقل سير المحادثات المؤرخة مع الولايات المتحدة. وأن كوريا الشمالية غير صريحة فيما يخص برنامج الصواريخ الباليستي طويلة المدى وتعتبر تهديداً حقيقياً على أمن المنطقة.
•  بلغاريا – حث المتحدث باسم الخارجية البلغارية كوريا الشمالية على اعادة النظر في قرارها والالتزام بوقف التجارب النووية والصاروخية.
•  كمبوديا – اقترح وزير الخارجية هور نامهونگ حتى تناقش دول الحزب السادس قضايا كوريا الشمالية في منتدى الآسيان الإقليمي بكمبوديا في يوليو.
•  كندا –بعد الاطلاق، أدان وزير الشئون الخارجية الكندي جون بايرد تجربة الاطلاق.
•  الصين – In a press briefing Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Weimin said "The Chinese side has taken note of the information released by the DPRK". He called on all parties concerned to play constructive roles saying "To maintain the peace and stability of the Korean peninsula and Northeast Asia is not only in the common interests of all sides concerned, but also the shared aspiration of the international community".
•  فرنسا – The French Foreign Ministry called the move a provocation and said North Korea "must abandon" plans to launch a rocket to put a satellite into orbit next month, because doing so would violate the terms of UN Security Council resolutions. It said the launching of a rocket by North Korea would contribute to the development of its ballistic missile capabilities.
•  الهند – India's foreign ministry secretary Sanjay Singh said "Nothing should be done which could increase tensions in the region". In a joint statement after their parleys, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and South Korean President Lee Myung-bak called for maintaining peace and stability in the peninsula including its denuclearization.
•  إندونيسيا – Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa called on North Korea to refrain from the launch saying "We are obviously deeply concerned by the prospect of the launch of the satellite, both in terms of the safety and security issues, but most of all, and not least, in terms of the disruption it is causing to the conditions conducive for the resumptions of six party talks".
•  اليابان – Japan urged Pyongyang to abandon the launch, calling it a violation of a UN resolution restricting the North's use of ballistic missile technology. On Monday, 19 March, Japanese Defence Minister Naoki Tanaka said he might order the military to destroy a North Korean rocket if it passes through the country’s airspace. On 20 March, NHK, a state-owned TV station, said Japan will deploy missile intercept. On 31 March, it was reported that Japanese destroyer Kirishima left the Yokosuka naval base in Kanagawa Prefecture for the East China Sea ahead of a planned rocket launch.
•  نيوزيلندا – Minister of Foreign Affairs Murray McCully urged North Korea to abandon its plan to launch a satellite and also called on North Korea to work with international community and stop its nuclear programme, stating: "The government has been cautiously optimistic about North Korea’s recent agreement with the United States to put a moratorium on long-range missile launches and this latest announcement from North Korea is therefore very disappointing. The use of ballistic missile technology to conduct the proposed launch is inconsistent both with that agreement and with UN Security Council resolutions."
•  الفلپين – The Philippines Department of Foreign Affairs expressed "grave concerns" over the planned launch, which it said was "unacceptable". The Philippines also cited the UN resolutions imposed on North Korea concerning the prohibitions on ballistic missile technology use and the abandonment of the North Korean ballistic missile program. Furthermore, it stated that "North Korea's return to confidence-building and engagement with the international community is key to the continued stability and prosperity of the Korean Peninsula and the entire Asia-Pacific region". A few days later, in a speech during the inauguration of the Filipino veterans of the Korean War memorial hall, President Aquino described the action as a "provocation" and urged North Korea not to proceed with the planned launch. Aquino said the launch increases tensions in the region, and that debris from the launch may land in Philippine territory.
•  پولندا – A Polish Foreign Ministry statement said "Such action could be interpreted as a breach of the moratorium on missile tests recently announced by Pyongyang, and called North Korea to abide by UN Security Council Resolutions 1718 and 1874 and refrain from steps, which could undermine the recent efforts to restore dialogue."
•  رومانيا – Romania criticised the North Korean decision to proceed with the launch and asked the North Korean authorities to "refrain from actions that would violate UNSC resolutions or undermine efforts to reestablish trust and cooperation in the region."
•  روسيا – Russia expressed serious concern over North Korea's plan to launch a satellite and urged Pyongyang not to create hurdles to the revival of six-nation talks over its nuclear programme. A statement released by the Russian Foreign Ministry said "We call on Pyongyang not to put itself in opposition to the international community, to refrain from actions that increase tension in the region and create additional complications for the relaunch of six-sided negotiations about the nuclear issue on the Korean peninsula". On أربعة April, Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov said "There should be no place for emotions and we must not instigate a new loop of confrontation" and that the world’s reaction to the launch should be "gauged". He added that "We (Russia) are deeply concerned with such (launch) plans and believe that they confront UN Security Council resolutions". Onعشرة April Foreign Ministry spokesman Alexander Lukashevich said Russia considers Pyongyang's decision to launch a scientific rocket to place a satellite in earth orbit as disregarding UN Security Council resolutions. Armed Forces spokesman said Interfax news agency "In case of rejection of North Korea's rocket off course and a threat of falling into Russian territory, Russian Aerospace Defence Forces are ready to shoot down the missile". He said the attention of the Russian military in the North Korean missile launch is due to the fact that the trajectory of a missile could pass close to the Russian Federation, and in case of rejection of the rocket can fall on the Kuril Islands.
•  كوريا الجنوبية – The South Korean Foreign Ministry expressed 'grave concern' over the planned launch, which it said would be a clear violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1874 which bans any launch using ballistic missile technology. Seoul said it would 'closely cooperate' with the US, China, Russia and Japan – the other members of stalled six-party talks over North Korea's nuclear weapons programme so that North Korea ceases such a provocative action.

•  المملكة المتحدة – A British Foreign Office spokesperson said: "We have seen the North Korean official government announcement that it plans to launch a satellite between 12 and 16 April. We are deeply concerned that such a launch would undermine North Korea’s recent efforts to engage with the international community. We urge the North Korean Government to abide by its obligations under UN Security Council Resolutions 1718 and 1874."
•  الولايات المتحدة – The US condemned the announcement as "highly provocative" and a direct violation of Pyongyang's international obligations. The State Department noted that UN Security Council Resolutions 1718 and 1874 banned launches using ballistic missile technology. It added that the planned launch would pose a threat to regional security and be inconsistent with Pyongyang's recent undertaking to refrain from long-range missile launches.

منظمات دولية

•  الاتحاد الأوروپي – صرح هرمان ڤان رومپوي رئيس المجلس الأوروپي، حتى الاتحاد الأوروپي، "مهتم بشدة" تجاه برنامج الأسلحة النووية لكوريا الشمالية" و"قلق للغاية" من خططها لإطلاق ساتل في الذكرى المئوية لميلاد الزعيم كيم إل-سونگ.
•  الأمم المتحدة – صح الأمين العام للأمم المتحدة بان كي مون أنه "قلق بشدة" من إطلاق الساتل وأنه يدعوپيونيانگ للالتزام الكامل بقرارات الأمم المتحدة بحظر أي عمليات إطلاق باستخدام تكنولوجيا الصواريخ الباليسيتية.

التغطية الاعلامية

الساتل

الاطلاق والاخفاق

ردود العمل على الاطلاق

كوريا الشمالية

دول أخرى

•  أستراليا – Australia condemned North Korea's failed launch, labelling the manoeuvre "provocative and dangerous". In a joint statement, Prime Minister Julia Gillard and Foreign Affairs Minister Bob Carr said the decision to launch a satellite on a long-range rocket "directly contradicted the most recent assurances received from North Korea and was in open defiance of unanimously adopted United Nations Security Council resolutions".
•  بلغاريا – Bulgarian Foreign Ministry expressed regret that North Korea ignored the calls not to launch a rocket, and urged the North Korean government to refrain from actions that would jeopardise regional security.
•  الصين – Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi expressed concern about the rocket and said Beijing hoped for "restrained actions by the corresponding sides with the aim of preserving stability on the peninsula".
•  ألمانيا – German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle condemned the launch, saying it was a "violation of international obligations and will increase tensions on the Korean peninsula".
•  المجر – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Hungary expressed deep concern about the attempted rocket launch, "a clear violation of UN Security Council Resolution 1874". Hungary called upon the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) to adhere to its international obligations, including all relevant UN Security Council Resolutions.
•  اليابان – Defense Minister Naoki Tanaka said "We have confirmed that a certain flying object has been launched and fell after flying for just over a minute, and there was no impact on Japanese territory".
•  رومانيا – The Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed "profound concern over the satellite launch by the People’s Democratic Republic of Korea, in spite of the messages urging restraint", adding that the launch "constitutes a violation of UN Security Council Resolution 1874 of 2009" and "has an adverse impact on regional stability, peace and security in the region and in the world and is of a nature to affect the process of solving the North Korean nuclear issue."
•  روسيا – The government of Russia criticized North Korea for its rocket launch on Friday, saying that Pyongyang had defied the UN Security Council and that neighbouring powers all opposed it. In a joint news conference, foreign minister Sergey Lavrov said the UN Security Council must respond to the North Korean launch, which Russia and other nations say violated council sanctions, but suggested trade restrictions or military threats would be counterproductive. Alexander Zheleznyakov from the Tsiolkovsky Academy of Cosmonautics said the failure occurred due to North Korea's primitive missile technology. He said "I think it all happened because of the imperfections of the North Korean technology. I have a few weeks before launch suggested that the launch will fail. In the DPRK, level of missile development is low, which, of course, could affect to this situation. Failure was predictable and predetermined".
•  كوريا الجنوبية – Ministry spokesman Kim Min-Seok said "A few minutes after the launch, the rocket disintegrated into several pieces and lost its altitude". South Korea said it was dispatching ships to try to retrieve the rocket, which it said split into 20 fragments as the first and second stages failed to separate.
•  المملكة المتحدة – Foreign Secretary William Hague said "I am deeply concerned about the DPRK’s satellite launch today. Such a launch uses ballistic missile technology and, as such, is a clear violation of UNSCR 1874. Later today the Permanent Under-Secretary, Simon Fraser, will summon the DPRK Ambassador to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and make clear that the DPRK can expect a strong response from the international community if it continues to develop its missile and nuclear capabilities. I strongly urge the DPRK to suspend all missile and nuclear-related activity and to commit to re-engaging with the international community."
•  الولايات المتحدة – White House spokesman Jay Carney said "Despite the failure of its attempted missile launch, North Korea’s provocative action threatens regional security, violates international law and contravenes its own recent commitments" and that "While this action is not surprising given North Korea’s pattern of aggressive behavior, any missile activity by North Korea is of concern to the international community". The North American Aerospace Defense Command said the first stage fell into the sea west of South Korea, and the remainder was deemed to have failed.
•  ڤيتنام- The government of Vietnam said it hoped for a peaceful, stable and prosperous Korean peninsula. “Vietnam reiterates the necessity of strictly abiding by the resolutions of the United Nation Security Council especially the Resolution 1874 for regional and global peace and stability”, said Mr. Nghị, a spokesperson.

منظمات دولية

•  الاتحاد الأوروپي – EU Foreign Affairs Chief Catherine Ashton called it a "clear violation" of a resolution issued by the UN Security Council.
•  الأمم المتحدة – Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon stated that the test was "deplorable as it defies the firm and unanimous stance of the international community".

انظر أيضاً

• برنامج كوانگ‌ميونگ‌سونگ
• كوانگ‌ميونگ‌سونگ-1
• كوانگ‌ميونگ‌سونگ-2
• كوانگ‌ميونگ‌سونگ-3 وحدة 2
• Taepodong-2

المصادر