يوسف هالر
يوسف هالر Józef Haller (و. 13 أغسطس 1873 -ت. أربعة يونيو1960)، جنرال في الجيش البولندي، قائد فيلق في الجحافل البولندية، harcmistrz (أعلى رتبة في الكشافة في بولندا)، رئيس جمعية الكشافة البولندية التوجيهية (ZHP)، ناشط سياسي واجتماعي، ابن عم ستنيسوهالر دي هالينبرگ.
درس في الأكاديمية الفنية العسكرية في فيينا (1895-1906) خدم مع الجيش النمساوي، استنطق بعد وصوله الى رتبة نقيب. ساند التنظيم شبه العسكري البولندي المؤيد لاستقلال سوكول. وفي عام 1916، خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى، أصبح هوقائد اللواء الثاني للفيلق البولندي، وبخاصة الوحدات التي حاربت ضد روسيا على الجبهة الشرقية.
In 1918, in the aftermath of the "Charge at Rarańcza", as commander of the 2nd Polish Auxiliary Corps with the Austrian Army, he broke through the Austro-Russian front line to Ukraine, where he united his troops with Polish detachments which had left the Tsarist army. He protested the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and continued to fight the Russians with his II Brigade of the Polish Legions (later, the 4th and 5th Rifle Divisions of the Polish II Corps). Under the pressure of the Germans, who after the Peace of Brest-Litovsk regarded the presence of Polish troops in Ukraine as illegal, and a fierce battle between Poles and Germans at Kaniów (May 10, 1918, 2500 casualties) his corps was interned, while the Brigadier himself managed to escape to Moscow. Subsequently, by the way of Murmansk, he arrived in France in July 1918, where on behalf of the Polish National Committee he created what was known as the Blue Army (from the color of its French uniforms, also known as Haller's Army). For the next few months his army, allied to the Entente, would fight against Germany. In 1919, at the new army's head, he arrived in Poland and was dispatched to the Ukrainian front. In 1920 Haller seized Pomerania and entered Danzig (Gdańsk) in the name of Poland, and during the Polish-Soviet War he commanded an army of volunteers. He was also Inspector General of the Army and a member of the War Council.
In 1920-1927 he was a deputy to the Sejm. After the election of Gabriel Narutowicz as President of the Republic in December 1922, Haller fell into disfavor. After the 1926 May Coup, he was ordered into retirement. He co-organized an opposition party, the "Front Morges." At the time of the Invasion of Poland (1939), Haller was living abroad. In 1940-1943 he served as Minister of Education in Władysław Sikorski's government. After 1945 he settled down in London and did not participate in any émigré Polish political activities.
السنوات الأولى
الجيش النمساوي-المجري
العمل الإجتماعي
الحرب العالمية الأولى
الجحافل الشرقية
الجحافل البولندية
.
فرقة السلاح البولندي
Kaniów
فرنسا
الجيش الأزرق
أعقاب الحرب العالمية الأولى
الحرب البولندية الأوكرانية
بوميرانيا
الحرب البولندية-السوڤيتية
في فترة ما بين الحربين العالميتين
الحرب العالمية الثانية
ما بعد الحرب
الترقيات
- Captain of Artillery - 1909
- Captain of Infantry - 18 October 1914
- Major of Infantry - 25 October 1914
- Lieutenant Colonel of Infantry - 20 November 1914
- Colonel of Infantry - 14 March 1915
- Brigadier –سبعة April 1918
- Major General – 29 November 1918
- Lieutenant General –عشرة June 1920
أوسمة وتكريمات
- Knight of the Order of the White Eagle
- Silver Cross of the Order of Virtuti Militari
- Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta
- Cross of Valour, four times
- Legion of Honour, Class II (France)
- Croix de guerre (France)
- Scouts Cross
- Order of Malta
- Order of St. Stanislaus
- Imperial Order of Leopold
- Order of Vasa
- Military Merit Medal (Austria-Hungary)
- Grand Officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy
- Freedom Cross Second Class (Estonia)
انظر أيضاً
- The Blue Army
- Haller Family in German Wikipedia
- Poland's Wedding to the Sea
- Stanisław Haller de Hallenburg
المصادر
- ^ Ligocki, Edward Elgoth (1923). O Jozefie Hallerze. Nakladem Obywatelskiego Obrony Panstwa, Warszawa.
قائمة المراجع
- W. Lipiński, Walka zbrojna o niepodległość Polski w latach 1905 - 1918, Warszawa, 1990 (Polish)
- J. Haller, Pamiętniki. Z wyborem dokumentów i zdjęć, Londyn 1964 (Polish)
- H. Przybyłowski, Chrześcijańska Demokracja i Narodowa Partia Robotnicza w latach 1926-1937, Warszawa 1980 (Polish)
- O. Terlecki, Generał Sikorski, t. 1, Kraków 1986 (Polish)
- Władze RP na obczyźnie podczas II wojny światowej, pod red. Z. Błażyńskiego, Londyn 1994 (Polish)
- T. Kryska-Karski, S. Żurakowski, Generałowie Polski Niepodległej, Warszawa 1991 (Polish)
- S. Czerep, II Brygada Legionów Polskich, Warszawa 1991 (Polish)
- I. Modelski, Dlaczego podczas II wojny światowej nie powstała Armia Polska w Ameryce?, (w:) "Komunikaty Towarzystwa im. Romana Dmowskiego", t. II, cz. 1, Londyn 1979/1980 (Polish)
- Paul Valasek, Haller's Polish Army in France, Chicago 2006 English
وصلات خارجية
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Józef Haller de Hallenburg. |
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع The Haller Army / Blue Army of General Haller. |
- Józef Haller and the Blue Army
- The story of the Haller Army and the volunteers from America
- The "blue" uniform in Canada
