كارل تيودور دراير
| Carl Theodor Dreyer | |
|---|---|
| وُلـِد |
فبراير 3, 1889 Copenhagen, Denmark |
| توفي | مارس 20, 1968 (عن عمر 79 عاماً) Copenhagen, Denmark |
| المهنة | Film director |
| الأوسمة |
Golden Lion 1955 Ordet |
كارل تيودور دراير Carl Theodor Dreyer (و. ثلاثة فبراير 1889 -- 20 مارس 1968) مخرج دنماركي ويعتبرة الكثير من النقاد انه من اعظم مخرجي السينما
حياته
ولد كارل في كوبنهاجن في الدنمارك وكانت امه تعمل خادمة Dreyer was born illegitimate in Copenhagen, Denmark. His birth mother was an unmarried Scanian maid named Josefine Bernhardine Nilsson, and he was put up for adoption by his birth father, Jens Christian Torp, a married Danish farmer living in Sweden who was his mother's employer. He spent the first two years of his life in orphanages until his adoption by a typographer named Carl Theodor Dreyer, Sr., and his wife, Inger Marie (née Olsen). His adoptive parents were emotionally distant and his childhood was largely unhappy. He later recalled that his parents "constantly let me know that I should be grateful for the food I was given and that I strictly had no claim on anything, since my mother got out of paying by lying down to die."[5] But he was a highly intelligent school student, who left home and formal education at the age of sixteen. He dissociated himself from his adoptive family, but their teachings were to influence the themes of many of his films.
Dreyer was ideologically conservative. According to David Bordwell: "As a youth he belonged to Radical Socialist party, a conservative group radical only in their opposition to military expenditures..."Even when I was with Ekstrabladet," Dreyer recalled, "I was conservative."..."I don't believe in revolutions. They have, as a rule, the tedious quality of pulling development back. I believe more in evolution, in the small advances.""[6]
Dreyer died of pneumonia in Copenhagen at age 79. The documentary Carl Th. Dreyer: My Metier contains reminiscences from those who knew him.
Filmography
Feature films
| Year | English title | Original title | Production country | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919 | The President | Præsidenten | Denmark | Based on the novel by Karl Emil Franzos. |
| 1920 | The Parson's Widow | Prästänkan | Sweden/Denmark | Based on the story "Prestekonen" by Kristofer Janson. |
| 1921 | Leaves from Satan's Book | Blade af Satans bog | Denmark | Loosely based on The Sorrows of Satan. |
| 1922 | Love One Another | Die Gezeichneten | Germany | Based on the novel by Aage Madelung, this film is extremely rare (only أربعة prints survive in archives). |
| 1922 | Once Upon a Time | Der var engang | Denmark | Based on the play by Holger Drachmann. |
| 1924 | Michael | Michael | Germany | Based on the novel Mikaël (1904) by Herman Bang. |
| 1925 | Thou Shalt Honor Thy Wife (aka Master of the House) | Du skal ære din hustru | Denmark | Based on the play by Svend Rindom. |
| 1926 | Bride of Glomdal | Glomdalsbruden | Norway/Sweden | Based on the novel by Jacob Breda Bull. |
| 1928 | The Passion of Joan of Arc | La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc (Jeanne d'Arc lidelse og død) | France | Co-written with Joseph Delteil, author of the novel Jeanne d'Arc (1925, Prix Femina). Named the most influential film of all time by the curators of the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival. |
| 1932 | Vampyr | Vampyr - Der Traum des Allan Grey | France/Germany | Based on the novella Carmilla (1872) by J. Sheridan Le Fanu. |
| 1943 | Day of Wrath | Vredens dag | Denmark | Based on the play "Anne Pedersdotter" by Hans Wiers-Jenssen, hymns by Paul La Cour. |
| 1945 | Two People | Två människor | Sweden | Based on the play "Attentat" by W.O. Somin. Made in Nazi-related exile to Sweden, the film was disowned by Dreyer and withdrawn from distribution. |
| 1955 | The Word | Ordet | Denmark | Based on the play by Kaj Munk. |
| 1964 | Gertrud | Gertrud | Denmark | Based on the play by Hjalmar Söderberg. |
أفلام قصيرة
- Good Mothers (Mødrehjælpen, 12 min, 1942)
- Water from the Land (Vandet på landet, 1946)
- The Struggle Against Cancer (Kampen mod kræften, 15 min, 1947)
- The Danish Village Church (Landsbykirken, 14 min, 1947)
- They Caught the Ferry (De nåede færgen, 11 min, 1948)
- Thorvaldsen (10 min, 1949)
- The Storstrom Bridge (Storstrømsbroen,سبعة min, 1950)
- The Castle Within the Castle (Et Slot i et slot, 1955)
المصادر
- ^ "Dreyer film voted most influential". Copenhagen Post. 22 September 2010. Retrieved 26 September 2010.
وصلات خارجية
- The Carl Th. Dreyer website
- Carl Theodor Dreyer في Internet Movie Database
- In-depth article from 1951 on 'The Tyrannical Dane'
- Bibliography
