قائمة أباطرة اليابان

الأباطرة الذين حكموا اليابان حتى الآن 125 إمبراطور.

أباطرة اليابان (660 ق.م.–الحاضر)

No.	Personal name	Reign	Posthumous name	Notes
Legendary Emperors (660 BCE – 269 CE)
0010 !1	Kamu-yamato Iware-biko no Mikoto	00340660–585 BCE	Emperor Jimmu 神武天皇	Traditional dates; claimed descent from the sun goddess, Amaterasu
0020 !2	Kamu Nunagawamimi no Mikoto	00491581–549 BCE	Emperor Suizei 綏靖天皇	Traditional dates; 3rd son of Jimmu; presumed legendary
0030 !3	Shikitsuhiko Tamademi no Mikoto	00451549–511 BCE	Emperor Annei 安寧天皇	Traditional dates; son and heir of Suizei; presumed legendary
0040 !4	Oho Yamatohiko Sukitomo no Mikoto	00490510–476 BCE	Emperor Itoku 懿徳天皇	Traditional dates; 2nd son of Annei; presumed legendary
0050 !5	Mimatsuhiko Kaeshine no Mikoto	00525475–393 BCE	Emperor Kōshō 孝昭天皇	Traditional dates; son and heir of Itoku; presumed legendary
0060 !6	Oho Yamato Tarashihiko Kunioshi Hito no Mikoto	00608392–291 BCE	Emperor Kōan 孝安天皇	Traditional dates; 2nd son of Kōshō; presumed legendary
0070 !7	Oho Yamato Nekohiko Futoni no Mikoto	00710290–215 BCE	Emperor Kōrei 孝霊天皇	Traditional dates; son and heir of Kōan; presumed legendary
0080 !8	Oho Yamato Nekohiko Kuni Kuru no Mikoto	00786214–158 BCE	Emperor Kōgen 孝元天皇	Traditional dates; son and heir of Kōrei; presumed legendary
0090 !9	Waka Yamato Nekohiko Oho Bibino no Mikoto	00843157–98 BCE	Emperor Kaika 開化天皇	Traditional dates; 2nd son of Kōgen; presumed legendary
0100 !10	Mimaki Irihiko Inie no Mikoto	0090397–30 BCE	Emperor Sujin 崇神天皇	Traditional dates; first Emperor with a direct possibility of existence
0110 !11	Ikume Irihiko Isachi no Mikoto	0097129 BCE–70 CE	Emperor Suinin 垂仁天皇	Traditional dates
0120 !12	Oho Tarashihiko Oshirowake no Mikoto	9007171–130	Emperor Keikō 景行天皇	Traditional dates
0130 !13	Waka Tarashihiko no Mikoto	9131131–191	Emperor Seimu 成務天皇	Traditional dates
0140 !14	Tarashi Nakatsuhiko no Mikoto	9192192–200	Emperor Chūai 仲哀天皇	Traditional dates
0145	Okinaga Tarashihime no Mikoto	90201201–269	Empress Jingū 神功皇后	Traditional dates; served as regent for Emperor Ōjin; not counted among the officially numbered Emperors
Kofun period (269–539)
0150 !15	Honda no Sumeramikoto / Ōtomowake no Mikoto / Homutawake no Mikoto	90270270–310	Emperor Ōjin 応神天皇	Traditional dates; deified as Hachiman
0160 !16	Ō Sazaki no Mikoto	90313313–399	Emperor Nintoku 仁徳天皇	Traditional dates
0170 !17	Isaho Wake no Mikoto	90400400–405	Emperor Richū 履中天皇	Traditional dates
0180 !18	Tajihi Mizuha Wake no Mikoto	90406406–410	Emperor Hanzei 反正天皇	Traditional dates
0190 !19	Wo Asazuma Wakugo no Sukune no Mikoto	90411411–453	Emperor Ingyō 允恭天皇	Traditional dates
0200 !20	Anaho no Mikoto	90453453–456	Emperor Ankō 安康天皇	Traditional dates
0210 !21	Oho Hatsuse Wakatakeru no Mikoto	90456456–479	Emperor Yūryaku 雄略天皇	Traditional dates
0220 !22	Shiraka Takehiro Kuni Oshi Waka Yamato Neko no Mikoto	90480480–484	Emperor Seinei 清寧天皇	Traditional dates
0230 !23	Ohoke no Mikoto	90485485–487	Emperor Kenzō 顕宗天皇	Traditional dates
0240 !24	Ohoshi (Ohosu) no Mikoto/ Shimano Iratsuko	90488488–498	Emperor Ninken 仁賢天皇	Traditional dates
0250 !25	Wohatsuse Wakasazaki	90498498–506	Emperor Buretsu 武烈天皇	Traditional dates
0260 !26	Ōto/Hikofuto (Hikofuto no Mikoto/Ōdo no Sumera Mikoto)	90507507–531	Emperor Keitai 継体天皇	Traditional dates
0270 !27	Hirokuni Oshitake Kanahi no Mikoto	90531531–535	Emperor Ankan 安閑天皇	Traditional dates
0280 !28	Takeo Hirokuni Oshitate no Mikoto	90535535–539	Emperor Senka 宣化天皇	Traditional dates
Asuka period (539–710)
0290 !29	Amekuni Oshiharuki Hironiwa no Sumera Mikoto	90539539–571	Emperor Kinmei 欽明天皇	Traditional dates; all Emperors from Kinmei onwards are historically verifiable
0300 !30	Osada no Nunakura no Futotamashiki no Mikoto	90572572–585	Emperor Bidatsu 敏達天皇	Traditional dates
0310 !31	Ooe/Tachibana no Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto	90585585–587	Emperor Yōmei 用明天皇	Traditional dates
0320 !32	Hatsusebe no (Wakasasagi) Mikoto	90587587–592	Emperor Sushun 崇峻天皇	Traditional dates
0330 !33	Nukatabe/Toyomike Kashikiyahime	90592592–628	Empress Suiko 推古天皇	Traditional dates; first non-legendary female Emperor; Prince Shotoku acted as her regent
0340 !34	Tamura (Oki Nagatarashihi Hironuka no Sumera Mikoto)	90629629–641	Emperor Jomei 舒明天皇	Traditional dates
0350 !35	Takara (Ame Toyotakaraikashi Hitarashi Hime no Sumera Mikoto)	90642642–645	Empress Kōgyoku 皇極天皇	Traditional dates; reigned twice
0360 !36	Karu (Ame Yorozu Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto)	90645645–654	Emperor Kōtoku 孝徳天皇	Traditional dates
0370 !37	Takara (Ame Toyotakaraikashi Hitarashi Hime no Sumera Mikoto)	90655655–661	斉明天皇	Traditional dates; second reign of Empress Kōgyoku
0380 !38	Katsuragi/Nakano-ooe (Ame Mikoto Hirakasuwake no Mikoto/Amatsu Mikoto Sakiwake no Mikoto)	90661661–672	Emperor Tenji 天智天皇	Traditional dates
0390 !39	Ōtomo	90672672	Emperor Kōbun 弘文天皇	Traditional dates; usurped by Tenmu; posthumously named (1870)
0400 !40	Ōama/Ohoshiama/Ōsama (Ame no Nunahara Oki no Mahito no Sumera Mikoto)	90672672–686	Emperor Tenmu 天武天皇	Traditional dates
0410 !41	Unonosarara (Takama no Harahiro no Hime no Sumera Mikoto)	90686686–697	Empress Jitō 持統天皇	Traditional dates
0420 !42	Karu (Ame no Mamune Toyoohoji no Sumera Mikoto)	90697697–707	Emperor Monmu 文武天皇	Traditional dates
Nara period (710–794)
0430 !43	Ahe (Yamatoneko Amatsu Mishiro Toyokuni Narihime no Sumera Mikoto)	90707707–715	Empress Genmei 元明天皇	Traditional dates
0440 !44	Hidaka/Niinomi (Yamatoneko Takamizu Kiyotarashi Hime no Sumera Mikoto)	90715715–724	Empress Genshō 元正天皇	Traditional dates
0450 !45	Obito (Ameshirushi Kunioshiharuki Toyosakurahiko no Sumera Mikoto)	90724724–749	Emperor Shōmu 聖武天皇	Traditional dates
0460 !46	Abe (Yamatoneko no Sumera Mikoto)	90749749–758	Empress Kōken 孝謙天皇	Traditional dates; reigned twice
0470 !47	Ōi	90758758–764	Emperor Junnin 淳仁天皇	Traditional dates dethroned by Shōtoku; posthumously named (1870)
0480 !48	Abe (Yamatoneko no Sumera Mikoto)	90764764–770	称徳天皇	Traditional dates; second reign of Empress Kōken
0490 !49	Shirakabe (Amemune Takatsugi no Mikoto)	90770770–781	Emperor Kōnin 光仁天皇	Traditional dates
0500 !50	Yamabe (Yamatoneko Amatsu Hitsugi Iyaderi no Mikoto)	90781781–806	Emperor Kanmu 桓武天皇	Traditional dates
Heian period (794–1185)
0510 !51	Ate (Yamatoneko Ameoshikuni Takahiko no Mikoto)	90806806–809	Emperor Heizei 平城天皇	Traditional dates
0520 !52	Kamino	90809809–823	Emperor Saga 嵯峨天皇	Traditional dates
0530 !53	Ōtomo	90823823–833	Emperor Junna 淳和天皇	Traditional dates
0540 !54	Masara	90833833–850	Emperor Ninmyō 仁明天皇	Traditional dates
0550 !55	Michiyasu	90850850–858	Emperor Montoku 文徳天皇	Traditional dates
0560 !56	Korehito	90858858–876	Emperor Seiwa 清和天皇	Traditional dates
0570 !57	Sadaakira	90876876–884	Emperor Yōzei 陽成天皇	Traditional dates
0580 !58	Tokiyasu	90884884–887	Emperor Kōkō 光孝天皇	Traditional dates
0590 !59	Sadami	90887887–897	Emperor Uda 宇多天皇	Traditional dates
0600 !60	Atsuhito	90897897–930	Emperor Daigo 醍醐天皇	Traditional dates
0610 !61	Yutaakira	90930930–946	Emperor Suzaku 朱雀天皇	Traditional dates
0620 !62	Nariakira	90946946–967	Emperor Murakami 村上天皇	Traditional dates
0630 !63	Norihira	90967967–969	Emperor Reizei 冷泉天皇	Traditional dates
0640 !64	Morihira	90969969–984	Emperor En'yū 円融天皇	Traditional dates
0650 !65	Morosada	90984984–986	Emperor Kazan 花山天皇	Traditional dates
0660 !66	Kanehito	90986986–1011	Emperor Ichijō 一条天皇	Traditional dates
0670 !67	Okisada/Iyasada	910111011–1016	Emperor Sanjō 三条天皇	Traditional dates
0680 !68	Atsuhira	910161016–1036	Emperor Go-Ichijō 後一条天皇	Traditional dates
0690 !69	Atsunaga/Atsuyoshi	910361036–1045	Emperor Go-Suzaku 後朱雀天皇	Traditional dates
0700 !70	Chikahito	910451045–1068	Emperor Go-Reizei 後冷泉天皇	Traditional dates
0710 !71	Takahito	910681068–1073	Emperor Go-Sanjō 後三条天皇	Traditional dates
0720 !72	Sadahito	910731073–1087	Emperor Shirakawa 白河天皇	Traditional dates
0730 !73	Taruhito	910871087–1107	Emperor Horikawa 堀河天皇	Traditional dates
0740 !74	Munehito	911071107–1123	Emperor Toba 鳥羽天皇	Traditional dates
0750 !75	Akihito	911231123–1142	Emperor Sutoku 崇徳天皇	Traditional dates
0760 !76	Narihito	911421142–1155	Emperor Konoe 近衛天皇	Traditional dates
0770 !77	Masahito	911551155–1158	Emperor Go-Shirakawa 後白河天皇	Traditional dates
0780 !78	Morihito	911581158–1165	Emperor Nijō 二条天皇	Traditional dates
0790 !79	Yorihito	911651165–1168	Emperor Rokujō 六条天皇	Traditional dates
0800 !80	Norihito	911681168–1180	Emperor Takakura 高倉天皇	Traditional dates
0810 !81	Tokihito	911801180–1185	Emperor Antoku 安徳天皇	Traditional dates
Kamakura period (1185–1333)
0820 !82	Takahira	911831183–1198	Emperor Go-Toba 後鳥羽天皇	Traditional dates
0830 !83	Tamehito	911981198–1210	Emperor Tsuchimikado 土御門天皇	Traditional dates
0840 !84	Morihira/Morinari	912101210–1221	Emperor Juntoku 順徳天皇	Traditional dates
0850 !85	Kanehira/Kanenari	912211221	Emperor Chūkyō 仲恭天皇	Traditional dates; posthumously named (1870)
0860 !86	Yutahito	912211221–1232	Emperor Go-Horikawa 後堀河天皇	Traditional dates
0870 !87	Mitsuhito/Toshihito	912321232–1242	Emperor Shijō 四条天皇	Traditional dates
0880 !88	Kunihito	912421242–1246	Emperor Go-Saga 後嵯峨天皇	Traditional dates
0890 !89	Hisahito	912461246–1260	Emperor Go-Fukakusa 後深草天皇	Traditional dates
0900 !90	Tsunehito	912601260–1274	Emperor Kameyama 亀山天皇	Traditional dates
0910 !91	Yohito	912741274–1287	Emperor Go-Uda 後宇多天皇	Traditional dates
0920 !92	Hirohito	912871287–1298	Emperor Fushimi 伏見天皇	Traditional dates
0930 !93	Tanehito	912981298–1301	Emperor Go-Fushimi 後伏見天皇	Traditional dates
0940 !94	Kuniharu	913011301–1308	Emperor Go-Nijō 後二条天皇	Traditional dates
0950 !95	Tomihito	913081308–1318	Emperor Hanazono 花園天皇	Traditional dates
0960 !96	Takaharu	913181318–1339	Emperor Go-Daigo 後醍醐天皇	Traditional dates; Southern Court
Northern Court (1331–1392)
0961	Kazuhito	913311331–1333	Emperor Kōgon 光厳天皇	Traditional dates
0962	Yutahito	913361336–1348	Emperor Kōmyō 光明天皇	Traditional dates
0962	Okihito	913481348–1351	Emperor Sukō 崇光天皇	Traditional dates
0963	Iyahito	913521352–1371	Emperor Go-Kōgon 後光厳天皇	Traditional dates
0964	Ohito	913711371–1382	Emperor Go-En'yū 後円融天皇	Traditional dates
0964	Motohito	913821382–1392	Emperor Go-Komatsu 後小松天皇	Traditional dates; reunified courts in 1392; see 100 below
Muromachi period and Azuchi–Momoyama period (1333–1603)
0970 !97	Norinaga/Noriyoshi	913391339–1368	Emperor Go-Murakami 後村上天皇	Traditional dates; Southern Court
0980 !98	Yutanari	913681368–1383	Emperor Chōkei 長慶天皇	Traditional dates; Southern Court
0990 !99	Hironari	913831383–1392	Emperor Go-Kameyama 後亀山天皇	Traditional dates; Southern Court
1000 !100	Motohito	913921392–1412	Emperor Go-Komatsu 後小松天皇	Traditional dates; reunified courts; see also entry in Northern Court section above
1010 !101	Mihito	914121412–1428	Emperor Shōkō 称光天皇	Traditional dates
1020 !102	Hikohito	914281428–1464	Emperor Go-Hanazono 後花園天皇	Traditional dates
1030 !103	Fusahito	914641464–1500	Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado 後土御門天皇	Traditional dates
1040 !104	Katsuhito	915001500–1526	Emperor Go-Kashiwabara 後柏原天皇	Traditional dates
1050 !105	Tomohito	915261526–1557	Emperor Go-Nara 後奈良天皇	Traditional dates
1060 !106	Michihito	915571557–1586	Emperor Ōgimachi 正親町天皇	Traditional dates
1070 !107	Kazuhito/Katahito	915861586–1611	Emperor Go-Yōzei 後陽成天皇	Traditional dates
Edo period (1603–1867)
1080 !108	Kotohito	916111611–1629	Emperor Go-Mizunoo (Go-Minoo) 後水尾天皇	Traditional dates
1090 !109	Okiko	916291629–1643	Empress Meishō 明正天皇	Traditional dates
1100 !110	Tsuguhito	916431643–1654	Emperor Go-Kōmyō 後光明天皇	Traditional dates
1110 !111	Nagahito	916551655–1663	Emperor Go-Sai 後西天皇	Traditional dates
1120 !112	Satohito	916631663–1687	Emperor Reigen 霊元天皇	Traditional dates
1130 !113	Asahito/Tomohito	916871687–1709	Emperor Higashiyama 東山天皇	Traditional dates
1140 !114	Yasuhito/Yoshihito	917091709–1735	Emperor Nakamikado 中御門天皇	Traditional dates
1150 !115	Teruhito	917351735–1747	Emperor Sakuramachi 桜町天皇	Traditional dates
1160 !116	Toohito	917471747–1762	Emperor Momozono 桃園天皇	Traditional dates
1170 !117	Toshiko	917621762–1771	Empress Go-Sakuramachi 後桜町天皇	Traditional dates Last female Emperor. Abdicated; died in 1813
1180 !118	Hidehito	917711771–1779	Emperor Go-Momozono 後桃園天皇	Traditional dates
1190 !119	Morohito	917801780–1817	Emperor Kōkaku 光格天皇	Traditional dates Died in 1840
1200 !120	Ayahito	918171817–1846	Emperor Ninkō 仁孝天皇	Traditional dates
1210 !121	Osahito	918461846–1867	Emperor Kōmei 孝明天皇	Last instance of an Emperor with multiple era names
Modern Japan (from 1867)
1220 !122	Mutsuhito	918671867–1912	Emperor Meiji 明治天皇	The first Emperor of the Empire of Japan
1230 !123	Yoshihito	1912–1926	Emperor Taishō 大正天皇	Crown Prince Hirohito served as Sesshō (摂政; "Regent") 1921–1926
1240 !124	Hirohito	919261926–1989	Emperor Shōwa 昭和天皇	Served as Sesshō (摂政; "Regent") 1921–1926. The last Emperor of the Empire of Japan
1250 !125	Akihito	919891989–2019	{{N/A	Abdicated at the end of 30 April 2019, first to abdicate since Emperor Kōkaku. Referred to as Jōkō (上皇) in Japanese, and as "Emperor Emeritus" in English. He will be known as "Emperor Heisei" (平成天皇) posthumously
1260 !126	Naruhito	920192019–present	{{N/A	Ascended on 1 May 2019. Referred to as Kinjō Tennō (今上天皇; "the Reigning Emperor") or Tennō Heika (天皇陛下; "His Majesty the Emperor") in Japanese, and as "Emperor Naruhito" in English. He will be known as "Emperor Reiwa" (令和天皇) posthumously

انظر أيضاً

امبراطور اليابان
List of Japanese Imperial Advisers
List of shoguns
Japanese emperors family tree

الهامش

الكامون الامبراطوري الياباني — تفتح chrysanthemum منسق

^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ), pp. 1–3; Brown, Delmer M. (1979). , p. 249; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, pp. 84–88;
^ Titsingh, pp. 3–4; Brown, pp. 250–251; Varley, pp. 88–89.
^ Brown, p. 248.
^ Titsingh, p. 4; Brown, p. 251; Varley, p. 89.
^ Titsingh, pp. 4–5; Brown, p. 251; Varley, p. 90.
^ Titsingh, p. 5; Brown, pp. 251–252; Varley, p. 90.
^ Titsingh, pp. 5–6; Brown, p. 252; Varley, pp. 90–92.
^ Titsingh, p. 6; Brown, p. 252; Varley, pp. 92–93.
^ Titsingh, pp. 6–7; Brown, p. 252; Varley, p. 93.
^ Titsingh, pp. 7–9; Brown, p. 253; Varley, pp. 93–95.
^ Yoshida, Reiji. "Life in the Cloudy Imperial Fishbowl," Japan Times. March 27, 2007; retrieved 2013-8-22.
^ Titsingh, pp. 9–10; Brown, pp. 253–254; Varley, pp. 95–96.
^ Titsingh, pp. 11–14; Brown, p. 254; Varley, pp. 96–99.
^ Brown, p. 254; Varley, pp. 99–100; Titsingh, pp. 14–15.
^ Brown, pp. 254–255; Varley, pp. 100–101; Titsingh, p. 15.
^ Brown, p. 255; Varley, pp. 101–103; Titsingh, pp. 16–19.
^ Titsingh, pp. 19–22; Brown, pp. 255–256; Varley, pp. 103–10.
^ Brown, pp. 256–257; Varley, pp. 110–111; Titsingh, pp. 22–24.
^ Brown, p. 257; Varley, p. 111; Titsingh, pp. 24–25.
^ Brown, p. 257; Varley, p. 112; Titsingh, p. 25.
^ Brown, pp. 257–258; Varley, p. 112; Titsingh, p. 26.
^ Brown, p. 258; Varley, p. 113; Titsingh, p. 26.
^ Brown, p. 258; Varley, pp. 113–115; Titsingh, pp. 27–28.
^ Brown, p. 258–259; Varley, pp. 115–116; Titsingh, pp. 28–29.
^ Brown, p. 259; Varley, p. 116; Titsingh, pp. 29–30.
^ Titsingh, p. 30; Brown, p. 259-260; Varley, p. 117.
^ Brown, p. 260; Varley, pp. 117–118; Titsingh, p. 31.
^ Brown, pp. 260–261; Varley, pp. 17–18, 119–120; Titsingh, p. 31–32.
^ Brown, p. 261; Varley, pp. 120–121; Brown, p. 261; Titsingh, p. 33.
^ Brown, p. 261; Varley, p. 121; Titsingh, p. 33–34.
^ Brown, pp. 261–262; Varley, pp. 123–124; Titsingh, p. 34–36.
^ Hoye, Timothy. (1999). Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds, p. 78; excerpt, "According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jinmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jinmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kinmei."
^ Varley, pp. 124–125; Brown, pp. 262–263; Titsingh, p. 36–37.
^ Brown, p. 263; Varley, pp. 125–126; Titsingh, p. 37–38.
^ Brown, p. 263; Varley, p. 126; Titsingh, p. 38–39.
^ Brown, pp. 263–264; Varley, pp. 126–129; Titsingh, pp. 39–42.
^ Brown, pp. 264–265; Varley, pp. 129–130; Titsingh, pp. 42–43.
^ Brown, pp. 265–266; Varley, pp. 130–132; Titsingh, pp. 43–47.
^ Brown, pp. 266–267; Varley, pp. 132–133; Titsingh, pp. 47–50.
^ Brown, p. 267; Varley, pp. 133–134; Titsingh, pp. 50–52.
^ Brown, p. 268; Varley, p. 135; Titsingh, pp. 52–56.
^ Brown, pp. 268–269; Varley, pp. 135–136; Titsingh, pp. 56–58.
^ Brown, pp. 268–269; Varley, pp. 135–136; Titsingh, pp. 58–59.
^ Brown, pp. 269–270; Varley, pp. 136–137; Titsingh, pp. 59–60.
^ Brown, pp. 270–271; Varley, pp. 137–140; Titsingh, pp. 60–63.
^ Brown, p. 271; Varley, p. 140; Titsingh, pp. 63–65.
^ Brown, p. 271–272; Varley, pp. 140–141; Titsingh, pp. 65–67.
^ Brown, pp. 272–273; Varley, pp. 141–143; Titsingh, pp. 67–73.
^ Brown, pp. 274–275; Varley, p. 143; Titsingh, pp. 73–75.
^ Brown, p. 275; Varley, pp. 143–144; Titsingh, pp. 75–78.
^ Brown, p. 276; Varley, pp. 144–147; Titsingh, pp. 78–81.
^ Brown, p. 276–277; Varley, pp. 147–148; Titsingh, pp. 81–85.
^ Brown, pp. 277–279; Varley, pp. 148–150; Titsingh, pp. 86–95.
^ Brown, pp. 279–280; Varley, p. 151; Titsingh, pp. 96–97.
^ Brown, pp. 280–282; Varley, pp. 151–164; Titsingh, pp. 97–102.
^ Brown, p. 282–283; Varley, p. 164; Titsingh, pp. 103–106.
^ Brown, pp. 283–284; Varley, pp. 164–165; Titsingh, pp. 106–112.
^ Brown, pp. 285–286; Varley, p. 165; Titsingh, pp. 112–115.
^ Brown, pp. 286–288; Varley, pp. 166–170; Titsingh, pp. 115–121.
^ Brown, pp. 288–289; Varley, pp. 170–171; Titsingh, pp. 121–124.
^ Brown, p. 289; Varley, pp. 171–175; Titsingh, pp. 124–125.
^ Brown, p. 289–290; Varley, pp. 175–179; Titsingh, pp. 125–129.
^ Brown, pp. 290–293; Varley, pp. 179–181; Titsingh, pp. 129–134.
^ Brown, pp. 294–295; Varley, pp. 181–183; Titsingh, pp. 134–138.
^ Brown, pp. 295–298; Varley, pp. 183–190; Titsingh, pp. 139–142.
^ Brown, p. 298; Varley, pp. 190–191; Titsingh, pp. 142–143.
^ Brown, pp. 299–300; Varley, pp. 191–192; Titsingh, pp. 144–148.
^ Brown, pp. 300–302; Varley, p. 192; Titsingh, pp. 148–149.
^ Brown, pp. 302–307; Varley, pp. 192–195; Titsingh, pp. 150–154.
^ Brown, p. 307; Varley, p. 195; Titsingh, pp. 154–155.
^ Brown, pp. 307–310; Varley, pp. 195–196; Titsingh, pp. 156–160.
^ Brown, pp. 310–311; Varley, p. 197; Titsingh, pp. 160–162.
^ Brown, pp. 311–314; Varley, pp. 197–198; Titsingh, pp. 162–166.
^ Brown, pp. 314–315; Varley, pp. 198–199; Titsingh, pp. 166–168.
^ Brown, pp. 315–317; Varley, pp. 199–202; Titsingh, pp. 169–171.
^ Brown, pp. 317–320; Varley, p. 202; Titsingh, pp. 172–178.
^ Brown, pp. 320–322; Varley, pp. 203–204; Titsingh, pp. 178–181.
^ Brown, pp. 322–324; Varley, pp. 204–205; Titsingh, pp. 181–185.
^ Brown, pp. 324–326; Varley, p. 205; Titsingh, pp. 186–188.
^ Brown, p. 326–327; Varley, pp. 205–208; Titsingh, pp. 188–190.
^ Brown, pp. 327–329; Varley, pp. 208–212; Titsingh, pp. 191–194.
^ Brown, pp. 329–330; Varley, p. 212; Titsingh, pp. 194–195.
^ Brown, pp. 333–334; Varley, pp. 214–215; Titsingh, pp. 200–207.
^ Brown, pp. 334–339; Varley, pp. 215–220; Titsingh, pp. 207–221.
^ Brown, pp. 339–341; Varley, pp 220; Titsingh, pp. 221–230.
^ Brown, pp. 341–343, Varley, pp. 221–223; Titsingh, pp. 230–238.
^ Brown, pp. 343–344; Varley, pp. 223–226; Titsingh, pp. 236–238.
^ Brown, pp. 344–349; Varley, pp. 226–227; Titsingh, pp. 238–241.
^ Varley, p. 227; Titsingh, pp. 242–245.
^ Varley, pp. 228–231; Titsingh, pp. 245–247.
^ Varley, pp. 231–232; Titsingh, pp. 248–253.
^ Varley, pp. 232–233; Titsingh, pp. 253–261.
^ Varley, pp. 233–237; Titsingh, pp. 262–269.
^ Varley, pp. 237–238; Titsingh, pp. 269–274.
^ Varley, pp. 238–239; Titsingh, pp. 274–275.
^ Varley, p. 239; Titsingh, pp. 275–278.
^ Varley, pp. 239–241; Titsingh, pp. 278–281.
^ Varley, pp. 241–269; Titsingh, pp. 281–286, and Titsingh, p. 290–294.
^ Titsingh, pp. 286–289.
^ Titsingh, pp. 294–298.
^ Titsingh, pp. 298–301.
^ Titsingh, pp. 302–309.
^ Titsingh, pp. 310–316.
^ Titsingh, pp. 317–327.
^ Varley, pp. 269–270 | Titsingh, p. .
^ Titsingh, p. .
^ [Titsingh, p. ]–320.
^ Titsingh, pp. 320–327.
^ Titsingh, pp. 327–331.
^ Titsingh, pp. 331–351.
^ Titsingh, pp. 352–364.
^ Titsingh, pp. 364–372.
^ Titsingh, pp. 372–382.
^ Titsingh, pp. 382–402.
^ Titsingh, pp. 402–409.
^ Titsingh, pp. 410–411.
^ Titsingh, pp. 411–412.
^ Titsingh, pp. 412–413.
^ Titsingh, p. 413.
^ Titsingh, pp. 414–415.
^ Titsingh, pp. 415–416.
^ Titsingh, pp. 416–417.
^ Titsingh, pp. 417–418.
^ Titisngh, pp. 418–419.
^ Titsingh, p. 419.
^ Titsingh, pp. 419–420.
^ Titsingh, pp. 420–421.
^ Titsingh, p. 421.
^ "Japan's Emperor thanks country, prays for peace before abdication". Nikkei Asian Review. Retrieved 30 April 2019.

المراجع

Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982). Lessons from History: the 'Tokushi yoron'. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. 10-ISBN 070221485X/13-ISBN 9780702214851; OCLC 157026188
Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. 10-ISBN 0-520-03460-0; 13-ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. New York: Columbia University Press. 10-ISBN 0-231-04940-4; 13-ISBN 978-0-231-04940-5; OCLC 59145842

وصلات خارجية

Japan opens imperial tombs for research
The Imperial Household Agency

نطقب:Monarchs of Japan

[1] Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ), pp. 1–3; Brown, Delmer M. (1979). , p. 249; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, pp. 84–88;

[2] Titsingh, pp. 3–4; Brown, pp. 250–251; Varley, pp. 88–89.

[brown248-3] Brown, p. 248.

[p._4-4] Titsingh, p. 4; Brown, p. 251; Varley, p. 89.

[5] Titsingh, pp. 4–5; Brown, p. 251; Varley, p. 90.

[6] Titsingh, p. 5; Brown, pp. 251–252; Varley, p. 90.

[7] Titsingh, pp. 5–6; Brown, p. 252; Varley, pp. 90–92.

[8] Titsingh, p. 6; Brown, p. 252; Varley, pp. 92–93.

[9] Titsingh, pp. 6–7; Brown, p. 252; Varley, p. 93.

[10] Titsingh, pp. 7–9; Brown, p. 253; Varley, pp. 93–95.

[yoshida-11] Yoshida, Reiji. "Life in the Cloudy Imperial Fishbowl," Japan Times. March 27, 2007; retrieved 2013-8-22.

[12] Titsingh, pp. 9–10; Brown, pp. 253–254; Varley, pp. 95–96.

[13] Titsingh, pp. 11–14; Brown, p. 254; Varley, pp. 96–99.

[14] Brown, p. 254; Varley, pp. 99–100; Titsingh, pp. 14–15.

[15] Brown, pp. 254–255; Varley, pp. 100–101; Titsingh, p. 15.

[16] Brown, p. 255; Varley, pp. 101–103; Titsingh, pp. 16–19.

[17] Titsingh, pp. 19–22; Brown, pp. 255–256; Varley, pp. 103–10.

[18] Brown, pp. 256–257; Varley, pp. 110–111; Titsingh, pp. 22–24.

[19] Brown, p. 257; Varley, p. 111; Titsingh, pp. 24–25.

[20] Brown, p. 257; Varley, p. 112; Titsingh, p. 25.

[21] Brown, pp. 257–258; Varley, p. 112; Titsingh, p. 26.

[22] Brown, p. 258; Varley, p. 113; Titsingh, p. 26.

[23] Brown, p. 258; Varley, pp. 113–115; Titsingh, pp. 27–28.

[24] Brown, p. 258–259; Varley, pp. 115–116; Titsingh, pp. 28–29.

[25] Brown, p. 259; Varley, p. 116; Titsingh, pp. 29–30.

[26] Titsingh, p. 30; Brown, p. 259-260; Varley, p. 117.

[27] Brown, p. 260; Varley, pp. 117–118; Titsingh, p. 31.

[28] Brown, pp. 260–261; Varley, pp. 17–18, 119–120; Titsingh, p. 31–32.

[29] Brown, p. 261; Varley, pp. 120–121; Brown, p. 261; Titsingh, p. 33.

[30] Brown, p. 261; Varley, p. 121; Titsingh, p. 33–34.

[31] Brown, pp. 261–262; Varley, pp. 123–124; Titsingh, p. 34–36.

[32] Hoye, Timothy. (1999). Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds, p. 78; excerpt, "According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jinmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jinmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kinmei."

[33] Varley, pp. 124–125; Brown, pp. 262–263; Titsingh, p. 36–37.

[34] Brown, p. 263; Varley, pp. 125–126; Titsingh, p. 37–38.

[35] Brown, p. 263; Varley, p. 126; Titsingh, p. 38–39.

[36] Brown, pp. 263–264; Varley, pp. 126–129; Titsingh, pp. 39–42.

[37] Brown, pp. 264–265; Varley, pp. 129–130; Titsingh, pp. 42–43.

[38] Brown, pp. 265–266; Varley, pp. 130–132; Titsingh, pp. 43–47.

[39] Brown, pp. 266–267; Varley, pp. 132–133; Titsingh, pp. 47–50.

[40] Brown, p. 267; Varley, pp. 133–134; Titsingh, pp. 50–52.

[41] Brown, p. 268; Varley, p. 135; Titsingh, pp. 52–56.

[42] Brown, pp. 268–269; Varley, pp. 135–136; Titsingh, pp. 56–58.

[43] Brown, pp. 268–269; Varley, pp. 135–136; Titsingh, pp. 58–59.

[44] Brown, pp. 269–270; Varley, pp. 136–137; Titsingh, pp. 59–60.

[45] Brown, pp. 270–271; Varley, pp. 137–140; Titsingh, pp. 60–63.

[Titsingh.2C_pp._63-46] Brown, p. 271; Varley, p. 140; Titsingh, pp. 63–65.

[47] Brown, p. 271–272; Varley, pp. 140–141; Titsingh, pp. 65–67.

[48] Brown, pp. 272–273; Varley, pp. 141–143; Titsingh, pp. 67–73.

[49] Brown, pp. 274–275; Varley, p. 143; Titsingh, pp. 73–75.

[50] Brown, p. 275; Varley, pp. 143–144; Titsingh, pp. 75–78.

[51] Brown, p. 276; Varley, pp. 144–147; Titsingh, pp. 78–81.

[52] Brown, p. 276–277; Varley, pp. 147–148; Titsingh, pp. 81–85.

[Titsingh.2C_pp._86-53] Brown, pp. 277–279; Varley, pp. 148–150; Titsingh, pp. 86–95.

[54] Brown, pp. 279–280; Varley, p. 151; Titsingh, pp. 96–97.

[55] Brown, pp. 280–282; Varley, pp. 151–164; Titsingh, pp. 97–102.

[56] Brown, p. 282–283; Varley, p. 164; Titsingh, pp. 103–106.

[57] Brown, pp. 283–284; Varley, pp. 164–165; Titsingh, pp. 106–112.

[58] Brown, pp. 285–286; Varley, p. 165; Titsingh, pp. 112–115.

[59] Brown, pp. 286–288; Varley, pp. 166–170; Titsingh, pp. 115–121.

[60] Brown, pp. 288–289; Varley, pp. 170–171; Titsingh, pp. 121–124.

[61] Brown, p. 289; Varley, pp. 171–175; Titsingh, pp. 124–125.

[62] Brown, p. 289–290; Varley, pp. 175–179; Titsingh, pp. 125–129.

[63] Brown, pp. 290–293; Varley, pp. 179–181; Titsingh, pp. 129–134.

[64] Brown, pp. 294–295; Varley, pp. 181–183; Titsingh, pp. 134–138.

[65] Brown, pp. 295–298; Varley, pp. 183–190; Titsingh, pp. 139–142.

[66] Brown, p. 298; Varley, pp. 190–191; Titsingh, pp. 142–143.

[67] Brown, pp. 299–300; Varley, pp. 191–192; Titsingh, pp. 144–148.

[68] Brown, pp. 300–302; Varley, p. 192; Titsingh, pp. 148–149.

[69] Brown, pp. 302–307; Varley, pp. 192–195; Titsingh, pp. 150–154.

[70] Brown, p. 307; Varley, p. 195; Titsingh, pp. 154–155.

[71] Brown, pp. 307–310; Varley, pp. 195–196; Titsingh, pp. 156–160.

[72] Brown, pp. 310–311; Varley, p. 197; Titsingh, pp. 160–162.

[73] Brown, pp. 311–314; Varley, pp. 197–198; Titsingh, pp. 162–166.

[74] Brown, pp. 314–315; Varley, pp. 198–199; Titsingh, pp. 166–168.

[75] Brown, pp. 315–317; Varley, pp. 199–202; Titsingh, pp. 169–171.

[76] Brown, pp. 317–320; Varley, p. 202; Titsingh, pp. 172–178.

[77] Brown, pp. 320–322; Varley, pp. 203–204; Titsingh, pp. 178–181.

[78] Brown, pp. 322–324; Varley, pp. 204–205; Titsingh, pp. 181–185.

[79] Brown, pp. 324–326; Varley, p. 205; Titsingh, pp. 186–188.

[80] Brown, p. 326–327; Varley, pp. 205–208; Titsingh, pp. 188–190.

[81] Brown, pp. 327–329; Varley, pp. 208–212; Titsingh, pp. 191–194.

[Titsingh.2C_pp._194-82] Brown, pp. 329–330; Varley, p. 212; Titsingh, pp. 194–195.

[83] Brown, pp. 333–334; Varley, pp. 214–215; Titsingh, pp. 200–207.

[84] Brown, pp. 334–339; Varley, pp. 215–220; Titsingh, pp. 207–221.

[85] Brown, pp. 339–341; Varley, pp 220; Titsingh, pp. 221–230.

[86] Brown, pp. 341–343, Varley, pp. 221–223; Titsingh, pp. 230–238.

[87] Brown, pp. 343–344; Varley, pp. 223–226; Titsingh, pp. 236–238.

[88] Brown, pp. 344–349; Varley, pp. 226–227; Titsingh, pp. 238–241.

[89] Varley, p. 227; Titsingh, pp. 242–245.

[90] Varley, pp. 228–231; Titsingh, pp. 245–247.

[91] Varley, pp. 231–232; Titsingh, pp. 248–253.

[92] Varley, pp. 232–233; Titsingh, pp. 253–261.

[93] Varley, pp. 233–237; Titsingh, pp. 262–269.

[94] Varley, pp. 237–238; Titsingh, pp. 269–274.

[95] Varley, pp. 238–239; Titsingh, pp. 274–275.

[96] Varley, p. 239; Titsingh, pp. 275–278.

[97] Varley, pp. 239–241; Titsingh, pp. 278–281.

[Titsingh.2C_pp._281-98] Varley, pp. 241–269; Titsingh, pp. 281–286, and Titsingh, p. 290–294.

[99] Titsingh, pp. 286–289.

[100] Titsingh, pp. 294–298.

[101] Titsingh, pp. 298–301.

[102] Titsingh, pp. 302–309.

[103] Titsingh, pp. 310–316.

[104] Titsingh, pp. 317–327.

[105] Varley, pp. 269–270 | Titsingh, p. .

[106] Titsingh, p. .

[107] [Titsingh, p. ]–320.

[108] Titsingh, pp. 320–327.

[109] Titsingh, pp. 327–331.

[110] Titsingh, pp. 331–351.

[111] Titsingh, pp. 352–364.

[112] Titsingh, pp. 364–372.

[113] Titsingh, pp. 372–382.

[Titsingh382-114] Titsingh, pp. 382–402.

[Titsingh402-115] Titsingh, pp. 402–409.

[116] Titsingh, pp. 410–411.

[117] Titsingh, pp. 411–412.

[118] Titsingh, pp. 412–413.

[119] Titsingh, p. 413.

[120] Titsingh, pp. 414–415.

[121] Titsingh, pp. 415–416.

[122] Titsingh, pp. 416–417.

[123] Titsingh, pp. 417–418.

[124] Titisngh, pp. 418–419.

[125] Titsingh, p. 419.

[126] Titsingh, pp. 419–420.

[127] Titsingh, pp. 420–421.

[128] Titsingh, p. 421.

[Nikkei-20190430-129] "Japan's Emperor thanks country, prays for peace before abdication". Nikkei Asian Review. Retrieved 30 April 2019.

قائمة أباطرة اليابان

قائمة أباطرة اليابان

أباطرة اليابان (660 ق.م.–الحاضر)

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