السكك الحديدية عالية السرعة في الصين
السكك الحديدية عالية السرعة في الصين
قطار سكك حديد الصين CRH1 في شن‌ژن. تصميم CRH1 مبني على قطار بومباردييه رجينا.
قطار سكك حديد الصين CRH2C (يسار) وقطار سكك حديد الصين CRH3C (يمين) في تيان‌جين. القطار CRH2 هوتعديل على القطار السلسلة E2-1000 من شين‌كان‌سن. والقطار CRH3 مبني على تصميم قطار سيمنز ڤالـِرو.
قطار سكك حديد الصين CRH5 ذوالثماني عربات. القطار CRH5 مشتق من تصميم قطار ألستوم پندولينوETR600.
التصميم الصيني الخالص CRH380A يغادر محطة هونگ‌چياوفي شانغهاي.
Shanghai Maglev Train
السكك الحديدية عالية السرعة في الصين (الصينية المبسطة: 中国高速铁路; الصينية التقليدية: 中國高速鐵路; پن‌ين: Zhōngguó gāosù tiělù؛ بالإنگليزية: High-speed rail in China) تشير إلى أي خدمة قطارات تجارية في جمهورية الصين الشعبية بمتوسط سرعة 200 كم أوأسرع. بحسب هذا القياس، تمتلك الصين، أطول شبكة قطارات عالية السرعة في العالم يبلغ طولها أكثر من 10,000 كم من الخطوط في ديسمبر 2012، متضمنة 1995 كم من خطوط السكك الحديدية ذات سرعة أعلى من 350 كم/س (220 ميل/س). ومتضمنة أطول خط سكة حديد فائق السرعة في العالم، سكة حديد بـِيْ‌جنگ-گوانگ‌ژو–شن‌ژن-هونگ كونگ عالي السرعة الذي يبلغ طوله 2,298 كم بسرعة 350 كم/س.
التاريخ
حملات "زيادة السرعة"
The building of the fourth line of the Guangshen Railway (pictured here in Feb. 2007) allows faster passenger train traffic to be separated from slower freight traffic. It is one of the earliest examples of a passenger dedicated line.
السكك الحديدية التقليدية وسكك حديد ماگلڤ
The Shanghai Maglev Train running on a special-maglev track, departing the Shanghai Pudong International Airport.
In 2002, the China Star (DJJ2) high-speed train set speed record of 292.8 كم/س (181.9 ميل/س) on the Qinshen Passenger Railway, but it was not ready for commercial use, and ultimately abandoned in favor of imported high speed train technology.
الحصول على التكنولوجيا الأجنبية
Regina
CRH1
E2 Series Shinkansen
CRH2
ICE3/Velaro
CRH3
New Pendolino
CRH5
التوطين وحمل السرعة
التصميم الصيني CRH380A يحمل الرقم القياسي العالمي لأسرع قطار (منتج بالعمل) بسرعة 486.1 كم/س. وهوأول قطار عالي السرعة يـُطوَّر في الصين.
تخفيض السرعة
الخطط التوسعية الحالية
The Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge in Nanjing (shown under construction in 2009) is a six-track railway bridge for the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway, the Shanghai-Wuhan-Chengdu Railway, and Nanjing Subway.
Over 85% of track on the Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway is laid on viaducts (shown). Chinese builders use elevated lines to keep high-speed rail tracks straight and level over uneven terrain, and to save on land acquisition costs.
A prefabricated section of the elevated track being installed on the Harbin-Dalian High Speed Railway in October 2010.
سياسة المبررات
تمويل انشاء السكك الحديدية عالية السرعة
250 km/h HSR
| Line | Length | Construction cost (Total) | Construction cost (per km) |
| Qinshen PDL | 404 km | 15.7 billion RMB (2.4 billion USD) | 38.9 million RMB (5.9 million USD) |
| Hening PDL | 166 km | 25 billion RMB (3.8 billion USD) | 150.6 million RMB (22.7 million USD) |
| Jiaoji PDL | 364 km | 11 billion RMB (1.7 billion USD) | 30.21 million RMB (4.6 million USD) |
| Shitai PDL | 190 km | 17.075 billion RMB (2.57 billion USD) | 89.87 million RMB (13.5 million USD) |
| Hewu PDL | 351 km | 16.8 billion RMB (2.53 billion USD) | 47.86 million RMB (7.21 million USD) |
| Yongtaiwen PFL | 268 km | 16.28 billion RMB (2.45 billion USD) | 60.75 million RMB (9.16 million USD) |
| Wenfu PFL | 298 km | 18 billion RMB (2.71 billion USD) | 60.4 million RMB (9.1 million USD) |
| Fuxia PFL | 275 km | 15.259 billion RMB (2.3 billion USD) | 55.49 million RMB (8.36 million USD) |
| Chengguan PDL | 65 km | 13.3 billion RMB (2 billion USD) | 204.62 million RMB (30.8 million USD) |
| Changjiu ICL | 131 km | 5.832 billion RMB (0.88 billion USD) | 44.52 million RMB (6.7 million USD) |
| Changji ICL | 111 km | 9.6 billion RMB (1.5 billion USD) | 86.49 million RMB (13.15 million USD) |
| Hainan ER ICL | 308 km | 20.2 billion RMB (3.1 billion USD) | 65.58 million RMB (9.97 million USD) |
350 km/h HSR
| Line | Length | Construction cost (Total) | Construction cost (per km) |
| Jingjin ICL | 115 km | 21.5 billion RMB (3.24 billion USD) | 186.96 million RMB (28.17 million USD) |
| Wuguang PDL | 968 km | 116.6 billion RMB (17.57 billion USD) | 120 million RMB (18.08 million USD) |
| Zhengxi PDL | 455 km | 35.31 billion RMB (5.32 billion USD) | 77.6 million RMB (11.7 million USD) |
| Huning HSR | 301 km | 50 billion RMB (7.5 billion USD) | 166.11 million RMB (25 million USD) |
| Huhang PDL | 150 km | 29.29 billion RMB (4.4 billion USD) | 195.27 million RMB (29.4 million USD) |
الشبكة
Maps of China's existing and planned high-speed rail network
Map showing the rail network of China and Taiwan with high-speed lines highlighted in color according to the speed of train service.
Map showing China's planned high-speed rail lines that form the national grid.
السكك الحديدية المحدثة
شبكة السكك الحديدية عالية السرعة الوطنية (4+4)
A CRH380A train leaving Shanghai's Hongqiao Station.
المسارات الأربعة من الشمال إلى الجنوب وخطوط التأسيسية
Operational lines are marked with green background.
|
الخط [corridor map] |
وصف المسار |
Designed Speed (كم/س) |
الطول (كم) |
تاريخ بدء الانشاء |
تاريخ الافتتاح |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Beijing-Harbin PDL (Jingha Passenger Designated Line) |
main HSR corridor of Northeast China, consisting of the Beijing-Shenyang & Harbin-Dalian PDLs and the Panjin-Yinkou spur. | 350 | 1700 | 2007-08-23 | 2014 |
|
Beijing-Shenyang PDL (Jingshen Passenger Designated Line) |
Beijing-Shenyang segment of Jingha PDL, via Chengde, Fuxin and Chaoyang | 350 | 684 | 2010 | 2014 |
|
Harbin-Dalian PDL (Hada Passenger Designated Line) |
PDL from Harbin to Dalian via Shenyang & Changchun | 350 | 904 | 2007-08-23 | 2011-10 |
|
Panjin-Yingkou PDL (Panying Passenger Designated Line) |
Connects Yingkou to Qinhuangdao-Shenyang HSR at Panjin | 350 | 89 | 2009-05-31 | 2012 |
|
Beijing-Shanghai PDL (Jinghu Passenger Designated Line) |
Main north-south high speed railway of eastern China, connecting Beijing, Jinan, Tai'an, Xuzhou, Bengbu, Nanjing & Shanghai | 380 | 1302 | 2008-04-18 | 2011-06 |
|
Hefei-Bengbu PDL (Hebeng Passenger Designated Line) |
Extends Jinghu PDL from Bengbu to Hefei | 350 | 131 | 2008-01-08 | 2012 |
|
Beijing-Guangzhou PDL (Jinggang Passenger Designated Line) |
Main north-south high speed rail corridor through central China, consisting of four segments between Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Wuhan, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong. |
200- 350 |
2229 | 2005-09-01 | 2012 |
|
Beijing-Shijiazhuang PDL (Jingshi Passenger Designated Line) |
HSR from Beijing to Shijiazhuang | 350 | 281 | 2008-10-08 | 2012-10-01 |
|
Shijiazhuang-Wuhan PDL (Shiwu Passenger Designated Line) |
HSR from Shijiazhuang to Wuhan via Zhengzhou | 350 | 838 | 2008-10-15 | 2012-10-01 |
|
Wuhan-Guangzhou PDL (Wuguang Passenger Designated Line) |
HSR from Wuhan to Guangzhou via Changsha | 350 | 968 | 2005-09-01 | 2009-12-26 |
| Southeast Coast HSR Corridor | High-speed railway linking coastal cities from Shanghai through Hangzhou to Shenzhen, built in five segments. With future additional link between Shanghai and Ningbo through a railway bridge across Hangzhou Bay before 2020 . |
200- 350 |
1450 | 2005-08-01 | 2011 |
|
Hangzhou-Ningbo PDL (Hangyong Passenger Designated Line) |
High-speed PDL from Hangzhou to Ningbo | 350 | 152 | 2009-04 | 2011-12 |
|
Ningbo–Taizhou–Wenzhou Railway (Yongtaiwen Line) |
Mixed passenger & freight HSR line along the coast of Zhejiang Province. | 250 | 268 | 2005-10-27 | 2009-09-28 |
|
Wenzhou–Fuzhou Railway (Wenfu Line) |
Mixed passenger & freight HSR line from Wenzhou to Fuzhou. | 250 | 298 | 2005-01-08 | 2009-09-28 |
|
Fuzhou–Xiamen Railway (Fuxia Line) |
Mixed passenger & freight HSR line along the coast of Fujian Province from Fuzhou to Xiamen via Putian & Quanzhou. | 250 | 275 | 2005-10-01 | 2010-04-26 |
|
Xiamen–Shenzhen Railway (Xiashen Line) |
Mixed passenger & freight HSR line along the coast of Fujian and Guangdong via Zhangzhou, Shantou & Huizhou. | 250 | 502 | 2007-11-23 | late 2012 |
المسارات الأربعة من الشرق إلى الغرب وخطوط التأسيسية
Operational lines are marked with green background.
|
الخط [corridor map] |
وصف المسار |
Designed Speed (كم/س) |
الطول (كم) |
تاريخ بدء الإنشاء |
تاريخ الافتتاح |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Qingdao-Taiyuan PDL (Qingtai Passenger Designated Line) |
HSR across north China consisting of three segments connecting Taiyuan, Shijiazhuang, Jinan and Qingdao. | 250 | 873 | 2005-06-01 | 2012 |
|
Qingdao-Jinan PDL (Jiaoji Line) |
PDL connecting Qingdao and Jinan | 250 | 364 | 2007-01-28 | 2008-12-20 |
|
Shijiazhuang-Jinan PDL (Shiji Passenger Designated Line) |
PDL connecting Shijiazhuang & Jinan via Dezhou | 250 | 319 | 2009 | 2012 |
|
Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan PDL (Shitai Passenger Designated Line) |
PDL connecting Shijiazhuang & Taiyuan. | 250 | 190 | 2005-06-11 | 2009-04-01 |
|
Xuzhou-Lanzhou PDL (Xulan Passenger Designated Line) |
HSR across the Yellow River Valley of central China, consisting of four segments connecting Xuzhou, Zhengzhou, Xian, Baoji and Lanzhou. | 350 | 1363 | 2005-06-01 | - |
|
Zhengzhou-Xuzhou PDL (Zhengxu Passenger Designated Line) |
PDL connecting Xuzhou & Zhengzhou | 350 | 357 | 2010 | 2013 |
|
Zhengzhou-Xian PDL (Zhengxi Passenger Designated Line) |
PDL connecting Zhengzhou & Xian | 350 | 455 | 2005-09-01 | 2010-02-06 |
|
Xian-Baoji PDL (Xibao Passenger Designated Line) |
PDL connecting Xian & Baoji | 350 | 148 | 2009-11-22 | 2012 |
|
Baoji-Lanzhou PDL (Baolan Passenger Designated Line) |
PDL connecting Baoji & Lanzhou | 350 | 403 | planning | planning |
|
Shanghai-Wuhan-Chengdu HSR Corridor (Huhanrong High-Speed Rail Corridor) |
HSR corridor through the Yangtze Valley, consisting of the Shanghai-Nanjing section of the Beijing-Shanghai PDL, andسبعة mixed-use HSR segments connecting Nanjing, Hefei, Wuhan, Yichang, Lichuan, Chongqing, Suining & Chengdu. |
200- 350 |
2078 | 2003-12-01 | 2012 |
|
Hefei-Nanjing HSR (Hening HSR) |
Mixed passenger & freight HSR connecting Nanjing & Hefei | 250 | 166 | 2005-06-11 | 2008-04-19 |
|
Hefei-Wuhan Railway (Hewu Passenger Designated Line) |
Mixed passenger & freight HSR connecting Hefei & Wuhan | 250 | 351 | 2005-08-01 | 2009-04-01 |
|
Hankou-Yichang Railway (Hanyi Line) |
Mixed passenger & freight HSR connecting Wuhan & Yichang | 250 | 293 | 2008-09-17 | 2012-01-01 |
|
Yichang-Wanzhou Railway (Yiwan Railway, Yichang-Lichuan section) |
Mixed passenger & freight HSR connecting Yichang & Lichuan | 200 | 377 | 2003-12-01 | 2010-12-23 |
|
Chongqing-Lichuan Railway (Yuli Line) |
Mixed passenger & freight HSR connecting Lichuan & Chongqing | 200 | 264 | 2008-12-29 | 2012 |
| Suining-Chongqing Railway* (Suiyu Line) |
Mixed passenger & freight HSR connecting Chongqing & Suining | 200 | 132 | 2009-01-18 | 2012-01 |
| Dazhou-Chengdu Railway* (Dacheng Railway, Suining-Chengdu section) |
Mixed passenger & freight HSR connecting Suining & Chengdu. | 200 | 148 | 2005-05 | 2009-06-30 |
|
Shanghai-Kunming PDL (Shanghai-Kunming Passenger Designated Line) |
PDL connecting eastern, central and southwestern China. It consists of three sections connecting Shanghai, Hangzhou, Changsha and Kunming. | 350 | 2066 | 2008-12-28 | 2014 |
|
Shanghai-Hangzhou PDL (Huhang Passenger Designated Line) |
PDL connecting Shanghai Hongqiao & Hangzhou East. | 350 | 150 | 2009-02-26 | 2010-10-26 |
| Hangzhou-Changsha PDL (Hangchang Passenger Designated Line) |
PDL connecting Hangzhou & Changsha. | 350 | 926 | 2009-12-22 | 2013-06-30 |
| Changsha-Kunming PDL (Changkun Passenger Designated Line) |
PDL connecting Changsha & Kunming | 350 | 1175 | 2010-03-26 | 2013-06-30 |
خطوط أخرى
Operational lines are marked with green background.
|
الخط [corridor map] |
وصف المسار |
Designed Speed (كم/س) |
الطول (كم) |
تاريخ بدء<brالانشاء |
تاريخ الافتتاح |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guangzhou-Hong Kong PDL(Jinggang Passenger Designated Line) | Main HSR corridor on east side of the Pearl River Delta, consisting of two segments between Guangzhou and Hong Kong. |
200- 350 |
142 | 2008-08-20 | 2016 |
|
Guangshengang XRL (Mainland Section) |
HSR from Guangzhou to Shenzhen | 350 | 116 | 2008-08-20 | 2011-07 |
|
Guangshengang XRL (Hong Kong Section) |
HSR from Shenzhen to Hong Kong | 200 | 26 | 2010 | 2016 |
|
Tianjin-Shenyang PDL (Jinshen Passenger Designated Line) |
Originally part of the Jingha PDL. An important linkage between Tianjin and Shenyang through Qinhuangdao. | 250 | 665 | 1999 | 2012 |
| Tianjin-Qinhuangdao PDL (Jinqin Passenger Designated Line) |
PDL connecting Tianjin & Qinhuangdao. | 350 | 261 | 2008 | 2012 |
|
Qinhuangdao-Shenyang PDL (Qinshen Passenger Designated Line) |
PDL connecting Qinhuangdao & Shenyang. | 250 | 404 | 1999 | 2003-07-01 |
| Chengdu-Guangzhou PDL (Chengguang Passenger Designated Line) | HSR from the Pearl River Delta to the Sichuan Basin via Guiyang & Guilin. | 300-350 | 1376 | 2008-10-13 | 2014 |
| Chengdu-Guiyang PDL (Chenggui Passenger Designated Line) |
PDL connecting Chengdu & Guiyang via Leshan, Yibin & Bijie. | 350 | 519 | 2010 | 2014 |
| Guiyang-Guangzhou PDL (Guiguang Passenger Designated Line) |
PDL connecting Guiyang & Guangzhou. | 300 | 857 | 2008-10-13 | 2014 |
|
Lanzhou-Xinjiang PDL (Lanxin Passenger Designated Line) |
HSR from Lanzhou to Ürümqi via Xining & Zhangye, Jiuquan, Jiayuguan, Hami & Turpan | 300 | 1776 | 2010 | 2014 |
|
Hefei-Fuzhou PDL (Hefu Passenger Designated Line) |
HSR from the Hefei to Fuzhou via Huangshan, Shangrao & Wuyishan. | 250 | 806 | 2010-04-27 | 2014 |
|
Datong-Xian PDL (Daxi Passenger Designated Line) |
HSR from Datong to Xi'an via Taiyuan. | 250 | 859 | 2009-12-03 | 2013 |
|
Xian-Chengdu HSR (Xicheng High-Speed Railway) |
HSR from Xian to Chengdu via Hanzhong and Guangyuan. | 250 | 510 | 2010 | 2015 |
|
Shangqiu-Hangzhou PDL (Shanghang Passenger Designated Line) |
HSR from Shangqiu to Hangzhou via Fuyang Hefei & Wuhu. | 350 | 770 | 2010? | - |
|
Yunnan-Guangxi HSR (Yungui High-speed railway) |
HSR from Nanning to Kunming via Bose. | 200-250 | 710 | 2010-12-27 | 2016 |
|
Tianjin-Baoding HSR (Jinbao High-speed railway) |
HSR from Tianjin to Baoding via Bazhou & Baiyangdian. | 250 | 158 | 2011-03-18 | 2013 |
|
Nanjing-Hangzhou HSR (Ninghang High-speed railway) |
HSR from Nanjing to Hangzhou via Liyang, Yixing and Huzhou. | 350 | 249 | 2008-12-27 | 2011-12-31 |
A map showing the projected high-speed rail network in China by 2020 and the travel time by rail from Beijing to each of the provincial capitals.
- Class I high speed railways
| الخطوط | الطول (كم) | السرعة (كم/س) | تاريخ بدء الانشاء | تاريخ الافتتاح | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longyan-Xiamen | 171 | 200 | 2006-12-25 | 2011 | |
| Xiangtang (Nanchang)-Putian (Fuzhou) | 604 | 250 | 2007-11-23 | 2011 | |
| Nanping-Sanming-Longyan | 247 | 250 | 2010-12-25 | 2014 | |
| Guangzhou-Nanning | 577 | 250 | 2008-09-11 | 2013 |
- تحت التخطيط
- Guangzhou-Zhanjiang HSR
خطوط السكك الحديدية عالية السرعة بين المدن
Map showing some of China's intercity railways, including lines already operational (red) and lines under construction.
Construction of the Hainan East Ring Intercity Rail in 2009.
Intercity railways are designed to provide regional high-speed rail service between large cities and metropolitan areas that are generally within the same province. Intercity HSR service speeds range from 200 to 350 km/h.
جدول الانشاء
Operational lines are marked with green background.
| الخط |
الطول (كم) |
السرعة (كم/س) |
تاريخ بدء الانشاء | تاريخ الافتتاح |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Rail | 115 | 350 | 2005-04-07 | 2008-08-01 |
| Chengdu-Dujiangyan High-Speed Railway | 65 | 220 | 2008-11-04 | 2010-05-12 |
| Shanghai–Nanjing High-Speed Railway | 301 | 350 | 2008-07-01 | 2010-07-01 |
| Nanchang-Jiujiang Intercity Rail | 131 | 250 | 2007-06-28 | 2010-09-20 |
| Hainan East Ring Intercity Rail | 308 | 250 | 2007-09-29 | 2010-12-30 |
| Changchun-Jilin Intercity Rail | 111 | 250 | 2007-05-13 | 2010-12-30 |
| Guangzhou-Zhuhai Intercity Mass Rapid Transit | 117 | 200 | 2005-12-18 | 2011-01-07 |
| Nanjing-Anqing Intercity Rail | 257 | 250 | 2008-12-28 | 2012-06 |
| Nanjing-Hangzhou Intercity Rail | 251 | 350 | 2008-12-28 | 2012-12-28 |
| Jiangyou-Mianyang-Chengdu-Leshan Intercity Rail | 319 | 200 | 2008-12-30 | 2012-12-30 |
|
Wuhan Megalopolis Intercity Rail （Wuhan-Xiaogan, Huangshi, Xianning and Huanggang） |
160 | 200 | 2009-03-22 | 2011-10-01, 2013 |
| Beijing-Tangshan Intercity Rail | 160 | 350 | 2009 | 2012 |
| Tianjin-Baoding Intercity Rail | 145 | 250 | 2009 | 2012 |
| Qingdao-Rongcheng Intercity Rail | 299 | 250 | 2009-11-30 | 2012-12 |
| Harbin-Qiqihar Intercity Rail | 286 | 250 | 2008-11-25 | 2011 |
| Beijing-Zhangjiakou Intercity Rail | 174 | 200 | 2009 | 2014 |
| Chongqing-Wanzhou Intercity Rail | 250 | 350 | 2009 | 2013 |
| Shenyang-Dandong Intercity Rail | 208 | 350 | 2009 | 2013-9 |
| Chengdu-Chongqing Intercity Rail | 305 | 300 | 2009 | 2014 |
| Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Intercity Rail | 95.5 | 200 | 2010-07-02 | 2014-07-02 |
| Hangzhou-Huangshan High Speed Railway | 262 | 250 | 2010-xx-xx | 2013-xx-xx |
الخدمة
الركاب
عدد الركاب في السنة (بالمليون راكب) 2007 2008 2009 2010 ركاب خدمة القطارات عالية السرعة 61.21 127.73 179.58 290.54
خدمة القطارات عالية السرعة على الخطوط المطورة
CRH service on the upgraded Xiaoshan-Ningbo Railway.
خدمة القطارات عالية السرعة على الخطوط السريعة
التقنية
Rolling stock
Two coupled 8-car CRH1A electric multiple unit train sets in Nanchang.
First class cabin inside Beijing-Tianjin Intercity CRH3 Train.
A coach compartment inside a CRH1 train.
CRH service on the Shanghai–Nanjing High-Speed Railway.
تقنية المسار
سكك بدون دقشوم في الصين.
تصدير التكنولوجيا
خطوط ماگلڤ عالية السرعة
أسرع قطارات الصين
The Shanghai Maglev train, at top speed of 431 كم/س (268 ميل/س), is the fastest train in China. The maglev train has remained confined its original 30 kم (98,000 قدم) track as state planners chosen high-speed trains that run on conventional track for the national HSR network.
قضايا السلامة والفساد
انتحار رئيس سكك حديد الصين
باي ژونگ‌رن، 53، رئيس سكك حديد الصين، الذي انتحر فيخمسة يناير 2014.
فيخمسة يناير 2014، انتحر "باي ژونگ‌رن"، 53 عاماً، رئيس سكك حديد الصين، الذي جدد 10,000 كم من الشبكة لسرعة 350 كم/س في ست سنوات. سبب الانتحار: اكتئاب بسبب أجور العمال.
انظر أيضا
- نقل الركاب بالسكك الحديدية في الصين
- شاينا ستار
- السكك الحديدية عالية السرعة حسب البلد
هوامش
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- ^ "Yiwan Railway: a project with 253 bridges and 159 tunnels". Xinhua. 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2010-12-23.
- ^ (Chinese) 云桂铁路开工建设 2010-12-27
- ^ (Chinese) 津保高铁预计2013年通车 从天津到保定1小时 2011-03-18
- ^ (Chinese) 年底南京到杭州坐高铁只需50分钟 2011-03-04
- ^ "南（平）三（明）龙（岩）高铁动工" 2010-12-26
- ^ "New intercity railway opens in NE China". China Daily. 30 December 2010. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
- ^ People's Daily, "Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-Speed Intercity Rail To Open In 2014", 25 January 2011.
- ^ Sreeja VN (2014-01-06). "China Railway Group President Bai Zhongren's Death From An Unspecified Accident Might Be A Suicide: Local Media". IBTimes.
وصلات خارجية
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع China Railway High-speed. |
- Ministry of Railways
- The International Maglev Board: Maglev in China
- www.tielu.org - Timetables and train connections (صينية)
