هبريدز
للاستخدامات الأخرى، انظر هبريدز (توضيح).
هبريدز الداخلية والخارجية.
هبرديز Hebrides ( //; بالاسكتلندية الگالية: Innse Gall; Old Norse: Suðreyjar)، تتكون من أرخبيل واسع ومتنوع قبالة الساحل الغربي للبر الرئيسي الاسكتلندي. تتكون من مجموعتين رئيسيتين: هبرديز الداخلية والخارجية. لهذه الجزر تاريخ طويل من الاحتلال يعود إلى العصر الحجري الوسيط، وقد تأثرت ثقافة المقيمين بالتأثيرات المتتالية للشعوب الناطقة بالكلتية، النوردية والإنگليزية. انعكس هذا التنوع في الأسماء التي أطلقت على الجزر، والتي اشتقت من اللغات التي استخدمت هناك في الأوقات التاريخية وربما ما قبل التاريخ.
الجيولوجيا، الجغرافيا والمناخ
العبّارة Caledonian MacBrayne تغادر Lochmaddy متجهة إلى Skye
التاريخ
قبل التاريخ
Callanish stone circle
الفترة الكلتية
الادارة النرويجية
مملكة الجزر ح. 1100
الادارة الاسكتلندية
Kisimul Castle, المقر القديم لـعشيرة مكنيل، Castlebay, Barra
الفترة البريطانية المبكرة
Telford's Clachan Bridge بين البر الرئيسي لـبريطانيا العظمى وSeil, also known as the "Bridge across the Atlantic"، المبني في 1792.
الاقتصاد الحديث
Sea filled slate quarries on Seil (foreground) وEasdale في جزر سليت
الإعلام والفنون
المدخل إلى كهف فنگال، ستافا
اللغات
التوزيع الجغرافي للناطقين بالگالية في اسكتلندا (2011).
التسمية
هبريدز الخارجية
| الجزيرة | الاشتقاق | اللغة | المعنى | مونرو(1549) | الاسم الگالي الحديث | اشتقاقات بديلة |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baleshare | Baile Ear | الغالية | east town | Baile Sear | ||
| Barra | Barrøy | النورسية | Finbar's island | Barray | Barraigh | |
| Benbecula | Peighinn nam Fadhla | الغالية | pennyland of the fords | Beinn nam Fadhla | "little mountain of the ford" or "herdsman's mountain" | |
| Berneray | Bjarnarøy | النورسية | Bjorn's island | Beàrnaraigh | bear island | |
| Eriskay | Uruisg | الغالية | goblin island | Eriskeray | Èirisgeigh | Erik's island |
| Flodaigh | النورسية | float island | Flodaigh | |||
| Fraoch-eilean | الغالية | heather island | Fraoch-eilean | |||
| Great Bernera | Bjarnarøy | English/Norse | Bjorn's island | Berneray-Moir | Beàrnaraigh Mòr | bear island |
| Grimsay | النورسية | Grim's island | Griomasaigh | |||
| Grimsay | النورسية | Grim's island | Griomasaigh | |||
| Harris | Erimon | Ancient Greek? | desert | Harrey | Na Hearadh | Ptolemy's Adru. In Old Norse (and in modern Icelandic), a is a type of administrative district. Alternatives are the Norse haerri, meaning "hills" and Gaelic na h-airdibh meaning "the heights". |
| Lewis | Limnu | Pre-Celtic? | marshy | Lewis | Leòdhas | Ptolemy's Limnu is literally "marshy". The Norse Ljoðhús may mean "song house" - see above. |
| North Uist | English/Pre-Celtic? | Ywst | Uibhist a Tuath | "Uist" may possibly be "corn island" or "west" | ||
| Scalpay | Skalprøy | Norse | scallop island | Scalpay of Harray | Sgalpaigh na Hearadh | |
| South Uist | English/Pre-Celtic? | Uibhist a Deas | See North Uist | |||
| Vatersay | Norse | water island | Wattersay | Bhatarsaigh | fathers' island, priest island, glove island, wavy island |
إنر هبرديز
| الجزيرة | الاشتقاق | اللغة | المعنى | ومنرو(1549) | الاسم الگالي الحديث | اشتقاقات بديلة |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| كانا | Cana | الغالية | porpoise island | Kannay | Eilean Chanaigh | Possibly from Old Irish cana, meaning "wolf-whelp" or Norse kneøy - "knee island" |
| Coll | Colosus | Pre-Celtic | Colla | Possibly from Gaelic coll - a hazel | ||
| Colonsay | Pre-Celtic | Colnansay | Colbhasa | النورسية for "Columba's island" | ||
| Danna | النورسية | Unknown | Danna | |||
| Easdale | Eisdcalfe | Eilean Eisdeal | Eas is "waterfall" in Gaelic and dale is the Norse for "valley". However the combination seems inappropriate for this small island. Also known as Ellenabeich - "island of the birches" | |||
| Eigg | Eag | الغالية | a notch | Egga | Eige | Also called Eilean Nimban More - "island of the powerful women" until the 16th century. |
| Eilean Bàn | الغالية | white isle | Naban | Eilean Bàn | ||
| Eilean dà Mhèinn | الغالية | |||||
| Eilean Donan | الغالية | island of Donnán | Eilean Donnáin | |||
| Eilean Shona | النورسية | sea island | Eilean Seòna | Adomnán records the pre-Norse Gaelic name of Airthrago - the foreshore isle". | ||
| Eilean Tioram | الغالية | dry island | ||||
| Eriska | النورسية | Erik's island | Ùruisg | |||
| Erraid | Possibly Arthràigh | الغالية | foreshore island | Erray | Eilean Earraid | |
| Gigha | Guðey | Norse | "good island" or "God island" | Gigay | Giogha | Various including the Norse Gjáey - "island of the geo" or "cleft", or "Gydha's isle". |
| Gometra | Goðrmaðrey | النورسية | "The good-man's island", or "God-man's island" | Gòmastra | "Godmund's island". | |
| Isle of Ewe | Eubh | الغالية | echo | Ellan Ew | Eilean Iùbh | Old Irish: eo - "yew" |
| Iona | Hí | Gaelic | Possibly "yew-place" | Colmkill | Ì Chaluim Chille | Numerous. Adomnán uses Ioua insula which became "Iona" through misreading. |
| Islay | Pre-Celtic | Ila | Ìle | Various - see above | ||
| Jura | Dyrøy | النورسية | deer island | Duray | Diùra | النورسية: Jurøy - udder island |
| Kerrera | Kjarbarøy | النورسية | Kjarbar's island | Cearrara | Norse: ciarrøy' '- "brushwood island" or "copse island" | |
| Lismore | الغالية | big garden | Lismoir | Lios Mòr | ||
| Luing | الغالية | ship island | Lunge | An t-Eilean Luinn | النورسية: lyng - heather island or pre-Celtic | |
| Lunga | Langrøy | النورسية | longship isle | Lungay | Lunga | الغالية long is also "ship" |
| Muck | Eilean nam Muc | الغالية | isle of pigs | Swynes Ile | Eilean nam Muc | Eilean nam Muc-mhara- "whale island". John of Fordun recorded it as Helantmok - "isle of swine". |
| Mull | Malaios | Pre-Celtic | Mull | Muile | Recorded by Ptolemy as Malaios possibly meaning "lofty isle". In Norse times it became Mýl. | |
| Oronsay | النورسية | ebb island | Ornansay | Orasaigh | النورسية: "Oran's island" | |
| Raasay | Raasøy | Norse | roe deer island | Raarsay | Ratharsair | Rossøy - "horse island" |
| Rona | Hraunøy or Rònøy | Norse or Gaelic/Norse | "rough island" or "seal island" | Ronay | Rònaigh | |
| Rùm | Pre-Celtic | Ronin | Rùm | Various including Norse rõm-øy for "wide island" or Gaelic ì-dhruim - "isle of the ridge" | ||
| Sanday | sandøy | Norse | sandy island | Sandaigh | ||
| Scalpay | Skalprøy | النورسية | scallop island | Scalpay | Sgalpaigh | النورسية: "ship island" |
| Seil | Possibly Sal | Probably pre-Celtic | "stream" | Seill | Saoil | Gaelic: sealg - "hunting island" |
| Shuna | Unknown | Norse | Possibly "sea island" | Seunay | Siuna | الغالية sidhean - "fairy" |
| Skye | Scitis | Pre-Celtic? | Possibly "winged isle" | Skye | An t-Eilean Sgitheanach | Numerous - see above |
| Soay | So-øy | النورسية | sheep island | Soa Urettil | Sòdhaigh | |
| Tanera Mòr | Hawnarøy | النورسية | island of the haven | Hawrarymoir(?) | Tannara Mòr | Brythonic: Thanaros, the thunder god |
| Tiree | Eth, Ethica | Possibly pre-Celtic | Unknown | Tioridh | النورسية: Tirvist of unknown meaning and numerous Gaelic versions, some with a possible meaning of "land of corn" | |
| Ulva | Ulvøy | النورسية | wolf island | Ulbha | Ulfr's island |
جزر غير مأهولة
Dhu Heartach Lighthouse, During Construction by Sam Bough (1822–1878)
| الجزيرة | الاشتقاق | اللغة | المعنى | مونرو(1549) | اشتقاقات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Taransay | Norse | Taran's island | Tarandsay | ||
| Scarba | Norse | cormorant island | Skarbay | ||
| Scarp | Skarpoe | Norse | "barren" or "stony" | Scarpe | |
| Pabbay | Norse | priest island | Pabay | ||
| Hirta | Hirt | Possibly Old Irish | death | Hirta | Numerous - see above |
| Mingulay | Mikilay | Norse | big island | Megaly | "Main hill island". Murray (1973) states that the name “appropriately means Bird Island”. |
| Ronay | Norse | rough island | |||
| Sandray | Sandray | Norse | sand island | Sanderay | |
| Wiay | Norse | Possibly "house island" | |||
| Ceann Ear | Ceann Ear | Gaelic | east headland |
التاريخ الطبيعي
الأفق المفتوح في ببنبكولا.
انظر أيضاً
- أسماء الجزر الاسكتلندية
- جغرافيا اسكتلندا
- خط زمني لاسكتلندا قبل التاريخ
- الحياة الحيوانية في اسكتلندا
- هيوهبرايدز
- لغات اسكتلندا
- Goidelic substrate hypothesis
- Insular Celtic languages
- Canadian Boat-Song
المصادر والهوامش
- الهوامش
- ^ There are two inhabited islands called "Grimsay" or Griomasaigh that are joined to Benbecula by a road causeway, one to the north at نطقب:Gbmapping and one to the south east at نطقب:Gbmapping.
- ^ See above note.
- المراجع
- ^ Murray (1977) p. 121
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 236
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 17
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 19
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 46
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 50
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 218
- ^ "The Roman Map of Britain Maiona (Erimon)سبعة Lougis Erimon Isles of Harris and Lewis, Outer Hebrides " romanmap.com. Retrieved 1 February 2011
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003)
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةG2487 - ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 116
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 117
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 143
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 118
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 31
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 52
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 38
- ^ "Etymology of British place-names" www.pbenyon1.plus.com. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 76
- ^ Watson (1994) p. 85
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 134
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 105
- ^ Watson (1994) p. 77
- ^ Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar, § 328, lineثمانية Retrieved 2 February 2011.
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 72
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 32
- ^ Gillies (1906) p. 129. "Gometra, from N., is gottr + madr + ey."
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) pp. 58-59
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 185
- ^ Watson (1926) p. 87
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 47
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 84
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 69
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 109
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 70
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 83
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 65
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 132
-
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةW37 -
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةW38 - ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 93
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 161
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 102
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 138
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 153
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 103
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 104
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 63
- ^ "Group 34: islands in the Irish Sea and the Western Isles 1" kmatthews.org.uk. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
- ^ Munro, D. (1818) Description of the Western Isles of Scotland called Hybrides, by Mr. Donald Munro, High Dean of the Isles, who travelled through most of them in the year 1549. Miscellanea Scotica, 2. Quoted in Murray (1966) p. 146
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 195
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةW85 - ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p. 102
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 111
- ^ Haswell-Smith (2004) p 285
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 94
- ^ Buxton (1995) p. 33
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 87
- ^ Murray (1973) p. 41.
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 101
- ^ Buxton (1995) p. 158
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003) p. 118
- مصادر عامة
- Ballin Smith, B. and Banks, I. (eds) (2002) In the Shadow of the Brochs, the Iron Age in Scotland. Stroud. Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-2517-X
- Ballin Smith, Beverley; Taylor, Simon; and Williams, Gareth (2007) West over Sea: Studies in Scandinavian Sea-Borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300. Leiden. Brill.
- Benvie, Neil (2004) Scotland's Wildlife. London. Aurum Press. ISBN 1-85410-978-2
- Buchanan, Margaret (1983) St Kilda: a Photographic Album. W. Blackwood. ISBN 0-85158-162-5
- Buxton, Ben. (1995) Mingulay: An Island and Its People. Edinburgh. Birlinn. ISBN 1-874744-24-6
- Downham, Clare "England and the Irish-Sea Zone in the Eleventh Century" in Gillingham, John (ed) (2004) Anglo-Norman Studies XXVI: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2003. Woodbridge. Boydell Press. ISBN 1-84383-072-8
- Fraser Darling, Frank; Boyd, J. Morton (1969). The Highlands and Islands. The New Naturalist. London: Collins.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) First published in 1947 under title: Natural history in the Highlands & Islands; by F. Fraser Darling. First published under the present title 1964.
- Gammeltoft, Peder (2010) "Shetland and Orkney Island-Names – A Dynamic Group". Northern Lights, Northern Words. Selected Papers from the FRLSU Conference, Kirkwall 2009, edited by Robert McColl Millar.
- "Occasional Paper No 10: Statistics for Inhabited Islands"[]. (28 November 2003) General Register Office for Scotland. Edinburgh. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
- Gillies, Hugh Cameron (1906) The Place Names of Argyll. London. David Nutt.
- Gregory, Donald (1881) The History of the Western Highlands and Isles of Scotland 1493 - 1625. Edinburgh. Birlinn. 2008 reprint - originally published by Thomas D. Morrison. ISBN 1-904607-57-8
- نطقب:Haswell-Smith
- Hunter, James (2000) Last of the Free: A History of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Edinburgh. Mainstream. ISBN 1-84018-376-4
- Keay, J. & Keay, J. (1994) Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland. London. HarperCollins.
- Lynch, Michael (ed) (2007) Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-923482-0.
- نطقب:Gaelic Placenames
- Maclean, Charles (1977) Island on the Edge of the World: the Story of St. Kilda. Edinburgh. Canongate ISBN 0-903937-41-7
- Monro, Sir Donald (1549) . Appin Regiment/Appin Historical Society. Retrieved ثلاثة March 2007. First published in 1774.
- Murray, W. H. (1966) The Hebrides. London. Heinemann.
- Murray, W.H. (1973) The Islands of Western Scotland. London. Eyre Methuen. ISBN 0-413-30380-2
- Omand, Donald (ed.) (2006) The Argyll Book. Edinburgh. Birlinn. ISBN 1-84158-480-0
- Ordnance Survey (2009) "Get-a-map"[]. Retrieved 1–15 August 2009.
- Rotary Club of Stornoway (1995) The Outer Hebrides Handbook and Guide. Machynlleth. Kittiwake. ISBN 0-9511003-5-1
- Slesser, Malcolm (1970) The Island of Skye. Edinburgh. Scottish Mountaineering Club.
- Steel, Tom (1988) The Life and Death of St. Kilda. London. Fontana. ISBN 0-00-637340-2
- Stevenson, Robert Louis (1995) The New Lighthouse on the Dhu Heartach Rock, Argyllshire. California. Silverado Museum. Based on an 1872 manuscript and edited by Swearingen, R.G.
- Thompson, Francis (1968) Harris and Lewis, Outer Hebrides. Newton Abbot. David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-4260-6
- Watson, W. J. (1994) The Celtic Place-Names of Scotland. Edinburgh. Birlinn. ISBN 1-84158-323-5. First published 1926.
- Woolf, Alex (2007). From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN
وصلات خارجية
- Hebrides/Western Isles Guide
- National Library of Scotland: SCOTTISH SCREEN ARCHIVE (selection of archive films about the Hebrides)
Coordinates:
