وليام طومسون، لورد كلڤن
| المبجل وليام طومسون، لورد كلڤن OM, GCVO, PC, PRS, PRSE | |
|---|---|
| وُلـِد |
26 يونيو1824 بلفاست، ايرلندا |
| توفي | 17 ديسمبر 1907 (عن عمر 83 عاماً) Largs, اسكتلندة |
| مقر الاقامة | بلفاست،گلاسگو، كمبردج، إنگلترة |
| القومية | بريطاني |
| الجامعة الأم |
|
| مبعث الشهرة |
|
| الأوسمة |
|
| السيرة الفهمية | |
| الهيئات | جامعة گلاسگو |
| المشرفون الأكاديميون | William Hopkins |
| أبرز الطلاب |
|
| أثـَّر عليه |
|
| أثـّر على | Andrew Gray |
| Notes | |
It is believed the "PNP" in his signature stands for "Professor of Natural Philosophy." Note that Kelvin also wrote under the pseudonym "P. Q. R." | |
وليام طومسون، لورد كلڤن (26 يناير 1824 - 17 ديسمبر 1907) هوفيزيائي ومهندس اسكتلندي ولد في إيرلندا الشمالية بإسم وليام طومسون وهومؤسس الفيزياء الحديثة. ولقد أطلق اسمه على وحدة قياس الحرارة المعادلة لدرجة (1) مئوي وهي الكلفن. ولقد حسب كلفن حتى هذه الدرجة هي أخفض درجة يمكن حتى تصل إليها المادة وسميت هذه الدرجة بالصفر المطلق وسمي المقياس بالمقياس المطلق أومقياس كلفن.
حياته المبكرة وعمله
عائلته
Thomson family tree: James Thomson (mathematician), James Thomson (engineer), and William Thomson, were all professors at Glasgow University; the later two, through their association with William Rankine, another Glasgow professor, worked to form one of the founding schools thermodynamics.
شبابه
كمبردج
الديناميكا الحرارية
كابل عبر الأطلسي
الحسابات على معدل البيانات
عالم لهندسة
الكوارث وفوز
البعثات في وقت لاحق
طومسون وتيت: أطروحةالفلسفة الطبيعية
النظرية الفيكتورية في جميع شيء
البحرية
Thomson's tide-predicting machine
المعايير الكهربائية
عمر الأرض: الجيولوجيا واللاهوت
Statue of Lord Kelvin; Belfast Botanic Gardens.
حياته اللاحقة ووفاته
حدود الفيزياء الكلاسيكية
تصريحات لاحقا ثبت أنها زائفة
أعمال أخرى
مجموعة متنوعة من الظواهر الفيزيائية والمفاهيم ترتبط بطومسون تحت اسم "كلڤن
- Kelvin material
- Kelvin water dropper
- Kelvin wave
- Kelvin–Helmholtz instability
- Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
- Kelvin–Helmholtz luminosity
- The SI unit of temperature, kelvin
- Kelvin transform in potential theory
- Kelvin's circulation theorem
- Kelvin bridge (also known as Thomson bridge)
- Kelvin–Stokes theorem
- Kelvin–Varley divider
- Kelvin sensing
- Kelvin functions
التكريمات
نصب تذكاري لوليام طومسون، 1st Baron Kelvin in Kelvingrove Park بالقرب من جامعة گلاسگو
- زميل الجمعية الملكية في إدنبره، 1847.
- عضوأجنبي في أكاديمية العلوم السويدية الملكية، 1851
- وسام كيث، 1864.
- Gunning Victoria Jubilee Prize, 1887.
- رئيس، 1873–1878, 1886–1890, 1895–1907.
-
زميل الجمعية الملكية، 1851.
- وسام ملكي، 1856.
- وسام كوپلي، 1883.
- رئيس، 1890–1895.
- Hon. Member of the Royal College of Preceptors (College of Teachers), 1858.
- Knighted 1866.
- Commander of the Imperial Order of the Rose (البرازيل)، 1873.
- قائد جوقة الشرف (فرنسا)، 1881.
- موظف كبير في وسام جوقة الشرف، 1889..
- Knight of the Prussian Order Pour le Mérite, 1884.
- قائد Order of Leopold (Belgium), 1890.
- Baron Kelvin, of Largs in the County of Ayr, 1892. The title derives from the River Kelvin, which runs by the grounds of the University of Glasgow. His title died with him, as he was survived by neither heirs nor close relations.
- فارس الصليب الأكبر للرتبة الفيكتورية، 1896.
- واحد من أوائل أعضاءوسام الاستحقاق، 1902.
- مستشار الملكة، 1902.
- First international recipient of John Fritz Medal, 1905.
- Order of the First Class of the Sacred Treasure of Japan, 1901.
- دفن في كنيسة وستمنستر، لندن بجانب إسحق نيوتن.
- Lord Kelvin was commemorated on the £20 note issued by the Clydesdale Bank in 1971; in the current issue of banknotes, his image appears on the bank's £100 note. He is shown holding his adjustable compass and in the background is a map of the transatlantic cable.
- بلدة كلڤن أريزونا، سميت تكريما له، as he was reputedly a large investor in the mining operations there.
- In 2011 he was one of seven inaugural inductees to the Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame.
الدروع
انظر أيضا
- Kelvin sensing
- Kelvin equation
- Weaire–Phelan structure for a solution to the Kelvin problem regarding partitioning space.
الهوامش
- ^ نطقب:The Timetables of Science
- ^ James Thomson (farmer) – EoHT.info.
- ^ "No. 26260". The London Gazette. 23 February 1892. London Gazette uses unsupported parameters (help)
- ^ "No. 27464". The London Gazette. 12 August 1902. London Gazette uses unsupported parameters (help)
- ^ "Current Banknotes : Clydesdale Bank". The Committee of Scottish Clearing Bankers. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
- ^ "Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame". engineeringhalloffame.org. 2012. Retrieved 27 Aug 2012.
- ^ Thompson, Silvanus (1910). The Life of William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs. Volume: 2. MacMillan and Co., Limited. p. 914.
المصادر
أعمال كلڤن
- Thomson, W.; Tait, P.G. (1867). Treatise on Natural Philosophy. Oxford. 2nd edition, 1883. (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-1-108-00537-1)
- ——; Tait, P.G (1872). Elements of Natural Philosophy. (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2010. ISBN 978-1-108-01448-9) 2nd edition, 1879.
- —— (1882–1911). Mathematical and Physical Papers. (6 vols) Cambridge University Press. ISBN .
- —— (1904). Baltimore Lectures on Molecular Dynamics and the Wave Theory of Light. (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2010. ISBN 978-1-108-00767-2)
- —— (1912). Collected Papers in Physics and Engineering. Cambridge University Press. ISBN B0000EFOL8.
- Wilson, D.B. (ed.) (1990). The Correspondence Between Sir George Gabriel Stokes and Sir William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs. (2 vols), Cambridge University Press. ISBN .CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- Hörz, H. (2000). Naturphilosophie als Heuristik?: Korrespondenz zwischen Hermann von Helmholtz und Lord Kelvin (William Thomson). Basilisken-Presse. ISBN .
السيرة الذاتية، والتاريخ الفكري والنقد
- Buchwald, J.Z. (1977). "William Thomson and the mathematization of Faraday's electrostatics". Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences. 8: 101–136.
- Burchfield, J.D. (1990). Lord Kelvin and the Age of the Earth. University of Chicago Press. ISBN .
- Cardoso Dias, D.M. (1996). "William Thomson and the Heritage of Caloric". Annals of Science. 53 (5): 511–520. doi:10.1080/00033799600200361.
- Chang, H. (2004). Inventing Temperature: Measurement and Scientific Progress. Oxford University Press. ISBN .
- Gooding, D. (1980). "Faraday, Thomson, and the concept of the magnetic field". British Journal of the History of Science. 13 (2): 91–120. doi:10.1017/S0007087400017726.
- Gossick, B.R. (1976). "Heaviside and Kelvin: a study in contrasts". Annals of Science. 33 (3): 275–287. doi:10.1080/00033797600200561.
- Gray, A. (1908). Lord Kelvin: An Account of His Scientific Life and Work. London: J. M. Dent & Co.
- Green, G. & Lloyd, J.T. (1970). Kelvin's instruments and the Kelvin Museum. Glasgow: University of Glasgow. ISBN .CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Kargon, R.H. & Achinstein, P. (eds.) (1987). Kelvin's Baltimore Lectures and Modern Theoretical Physics; Historical and Philosophical Perspectives. Cambridge Mass.: MIT Press. ISBN .CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- King, A.G. (1925). Kelvin the Man. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
- King, E.T. (1909). Lord Kelvin's Early Home. London: Macmillan.
- Knudsen, O. (1972). "From Lord Kelvin's notebook: aether speculations". Centaurus. 16: 41–53. Bibcode:1972Cent...16...41K. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1972.tb00164.x.
- Lindley, D. (2004). Degrees Kelvin: A Tale of Genius, Invention and Tragedy. Joseph Henry Press. ISBN .
- McCartney, M. & Whitaker, A. (eds) (2002). Physicists of Ireland: Passion and Precision. Institute of Physics Publishing. ISBN .CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- May, W.E. (1979). "Lord Kelvin and his compass". Journal of Navigation. 32: 122–134. doi:10.1017/S037346330003318X.
- Munro, J. (1891). Heroes of the Telegraph. London: Religious Tract Society.
- Murray, D. (1924). Lord Kelvin as Professor in the Old College of Glasgow. Glasgow: Maclehose & Jackson.
- Russell, A. (1908). Lord Kelvin. London: Blackie.
- Sharlin, H.I. (1979). Lord Kelvin: The Dynamic Victorian. Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN .
- Smith, C. & Wise, M.N. (1989). Energy and Empire: A Biographical Study of Lord Kelvin. Cambridge University Press. ISBN .CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Thompson, S.P. (1910). Life of William Thomson: Baron Kelvin of Largs. London: Macmillan.
- Tunbridge, P. (1992). Lord Kelvin: His Influence on Electrical Measurements and Units. Peter Peregrinus: London. ISBN .
- Wilson, D. (1910). William Thomson, Lord Kelvin: His Way of Teaching. Glasgow: John Smith & Son.
- Wilson, D.B. (1987). Kelvin and Stokes: A Comparative Study in Victorian Physics. Bristol: Hilger. ISBN .
وصلات خارجية
Wikisource has original works written by or about:
وليام طومسون، لورد كلڤن
 |
مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع William Thomson. |
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Kelvin, William Thomson, Baron.
- O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "وليام طومسون، لورد كلڤن", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
- Heroes of the Telegraph at Project Gutenberg
- "Horses on Mars", from Lord Kelvin
- William Thomson: king of Victorian physics at Institute of Physics website
- Measuring the Absolute: William Thomson and Temperature, Hasok Chang and Sang Wook Yi (PDF file)
- Mathematical and physical papers. Volume I (PDF copy from gallica.bnf.fr)
- Mathematical and physical papers. Volume II (gallica)
- Mathematical and physical papers. Volume III (gallica)
- Mathematical and physical papers. Volume V (Internet Archive)
- Reprint of papers on electrostatics and magnetism (gallica)
- Elements of natural philosophy: Part I (gallica)
- Treatise on natural philosophy (Volume 1) (Internet Archive)
- Treatise on natural philosophy (Volume 2) (Internet Archive)
- The molecular tactics of a crystal (Internet Archive)
- Baltimore lectures on molecular dynamics and the wave theory of light (Internet Archive)
- Quotations. This collection includes sources for many quotes.
- Kelvin Building Opening – The Leys School, Cambridge (1893)
- William Thomson
| مناصب أكاديمية | ||
|---|---|---|
| سبقه The Earl of Stair |
Chancellor of the University of Glasgow 1904–1907 |
تبعه The Earl of Rosebery |
| Peerage of the United Kingdom | ||
| منصب مستحدث |
Baron Kelvin 1892–1907 |
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