فيليپ جونسون
فيليب جونسون (8 يوليو1906 - 25 يونوي 2005) بالإنجليزية Philip Cortelyou Johnson ، من أشهر المعماريين الأمريكيين ، وهوأول معماري يربح جائزة پريتسكر ، وذلك عام 1979 أي العام الذي تاسست فيه الجائزة.
البداية
نشأ وولد فيليب جونسون في كليفلاند اوهايوعام 1906 وقبل ان يبني اول مشروع له في عمر 36 كان جونسون محرر ومؤلف ومدير متاحف ومؤرخ لكنه لم يكن مهندسا قط.
في عام 1949 بعد عمله عدة سنين كأول مدير لقسم الهندسة في متحف الفنون الحديثة- صمم جونسون سكنه الخاص في نيوكانن "كنعان الجديدة" وكان منزله بمثابة اكمال لحصوله على درجة الماجيستر في بحثه عن بيوت الزجاج الشهيرة.
اطلق جونسون لقب مدرسة الهندسة العالمية على معرض ام اوام اي (موما) ، ومنذ عام 1989 وفر جونسون شبه المتقاعد وادخر وقته وجهده لمشاريعه الخاصة وكانت اخر تصاميمه لمدرسة الفنون الجميلة لكلية سيتون هيل في جرين برج بنسلفانيا.
الحياة العملية
البيت الزجاجي
مبنى سيجرام
مباني لاحقة
أشهر أعماله
- The Seagram Building, نيويورك (1956)
- Four Seasons Restaurant, نيويورك (1959);
- The Rockefeller Guest House
- The Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden at the Museum of Modern Art;
- New York State Theater at Lincoln Center, (with Richard Foster, 1964);
- Amon Carter Museum in Fort Worth, Texas (1961, expansion in 2001);
- The New York State Pavilion for the 1964 New York World's Fair, 1964);
- The Kreeger Museum in Washington D.C. (with Richard Foster; 1967);
- The main campus mall at the University of Saint Thomas in Houston, Texas;
- Elmer Holmes Bobst Library of New York University);
- John F. Kennedy Memorial Plaza in Dallas, Texas (1970);
- The IDS Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota (1972);
- Art Museum of South Texas in Corpus Christi, Texas (1972);
- Boston Public Library (1973);
- The Museum of Art at Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute in Utica, New York;
- Fort Worth Water Gardens (1974);
- Thanks-Giving Square in Dallas, Texas (1976);
- John de Menil House, Houston (1950);
- The Neuberger Museum of Art at SUNY Purchase College;
- Evangelist Robert Schuller's Crystal Cathedral in Garden Grove, California (1980);
- Metro-Dade Cultural Center in Miami, Florida, 1982;
- The Chapel of St. Basil and the Academic Mall at the University of St. Thomas in Houston, Texas;
- The Republic Bank Center in Houston, Texas) now rebranded Bank of America Center;
- The Transco Tower, now rebranded Williams Tower, Houston, (1983);
- The Cleveland Playhouse in Cleveland, Ohio (extension) (1983);
- The Wells Fargo Center (Denver) in Denver, Colorado (1983);
- PPG Place in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (1984);
- The Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture, University of Houston (1985);
- Puerta de Europa, Madrid, Spain) John Burgee Architects, Philip Johnson Consultant;
- 190 South LaSalle in Chicago John Burgee Architects, Philip Johnson Consultant;
- 191 Peachtree Tower, Atlanta, Georgia John Burgee Architects, Philip Johnson Consultant;
- 101 California Street, San Francisco, California; Johnson/ Burgee Architects;
- University of St Thomas St Basil Chapel (with John Manley, Architect) (1992);
- AEGON Center in Louisville, Kentucky (1993), John Burgee Architects, Philip Johnson Consultant;
- Comerica Tower in Detroit, Michigan (1993), John Burgee Architects, Philip Johnson Consultant;
- Das Amerikan Business Center, Berlin, Germany (1994);
- Visitor's Pavilion, New Canaan CT (1994);
- Turning Point, Vienna Austria (1996).
- Tata Theatre (NCPA), مومباي, الهند (1980).
معرض الصور
Chapel on Thanks-Giving Square in Dallas
Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture Building at the University of Houston
The New York State Pavilion of the 1964 New York World's Fair, aerial view of the derelict Johnson structure in Flushing Meadow Park, Queens, N.Y.
Williams Tower in Houston
IDS Center in Minneapolis, one of Johnson's most instantly recognizable works.
The Museum of Art at Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute in Utica, New York
قراءات إضافية
- Schulze, Franz. Philip Johnson: Life and Work, Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, 1996.
- Splendor in the Glass - TIME Article Retrieved Nov. 3, 2007.
- "Extending the Legacy" Alexandra Lange article on the preservation of the Glass House, from the November 2006 issue of Metropolis magazine.
- Philip Johnson article at Great Buildings Online. Retrieved Sep. 27, 2003.
- Philip Johnson bio on the Pritzker Architecture Prize website. Retrieved Sep. 27, 2003.
- Philip Johnson on NewsHour (1996). Retrieved Sep. 27, 2003.
- Heyer, Paul, ed. (1966). Architects on Architecture: New Directions in America, p. 279. New York: Walker and Company.
- Johnson is mentioned in the song Thru These Architect's Eyes on the album Outside by David Bowie.
- One hour interview with Charlie Rose at Google Video (July 8, 1996)
- Other interviews with or about Phillip Johnson on Charlie Rose at Google Video
- Calvin Tomkins's profile of Philip Johnson in the May 23, 1977 issue of مجلة نيويوركر magazine.
- Jenkins, Stover, et. al. The Houses of Philip Johnson, New York: Abbeville Publishing Group (Abbeville Press, Inc.), 2001.
وصلات خارجية
- Obituary
- Philip Johnson's biographic sketch at Find A Grave
- nywf64.com (1964/1965 New York World's Fair Website) story of Johnson's New York State Pavilion
- Philip Johnson speaks at the University of Houston
- Photographs and Description of a Dallas Home by Architect Philip Johnson
المصادر
- ^ John F. Kennedy Memorial. Philip Johnson, Memorial Architect
