أوردوس 鄂尔多斯市 • ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ Ordos
مدينة بمستوى محافظة
Ulan Moron Site Lake in Ordos City
مسقط نطاق مدينة أوردوس في منغوليا الداخلية (برتنطقي)
أوردوس مسقط وسط المدينة في منغوليا الداخلية
الإحداثيات: Coordinates:
البلد	جمهورية الصين الشعبية
منطقة	منغوليا الداخلية
مقر البلدية	كانگ‌باشي (ناحية)
المساحة
• مدينة بمستوى محافظة	86٬752 كم² (33٬495 ميل²)
• الحضر	2٬137 كم² (825 ميل²)
• العمران	2٬137 كم² (825 ميل²)
الارتفاع	1٬305 m (4٬281 ft)
أعلى ارتفاع	2٬149 m (7٬051 ft)
أوطى ارتفاع	850 m (2٬790 ft)
التعداد(2014 est.)
• مدينة بمستوى محافظة	2٬035٬653
• الكثافة	23/km2 (61/sq mi)
• الحضر	582٬544
• الكثافة الحضرية	270/km2 (710/sq mi)
• العمرانية	582٬544
• الكثافة العمرانية	270/km2 (710/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيت	China Standard (التوقيت العالمي المنسق+8)
Postal code	017000
ISO 3166 code	CN-NM-06
GDP (2016)	CNY 441.79 billion (US$ 66.51 billion)
GDP per capita (2016)	CNY 215,486 (US$ 32,442)
Licence plate prefixes	蒙K
Administrative division code	150600
المسقط الإلكتروني	ordos.gov.cn

أوردوس ( Ordos qota; الصينية المبسطة: 鄂尔多斯市; الصينية التقليدية: 鄂爾多斯市; پن‌ين: È'ěrduōsī؛ بالإنگليزية: Ordos) هي واحدة من اثنا عشر تقسيم رئيسي لـمنغوليا الداخلية، الصين. وتقع ضمن ثنية أوردوس للنهر الأصفر. وبالرغم من حتى معظمها ريفي، إلا حتى أوردوس تدار كـمدينة بمستوى محافظة.

Ordos is known for its large scale government projects undertaken recently including most prominently the new Kangbashi District, an urban district planned as a massive civic mall with abundant monuments, cultural institutions, and other showpiece architecture. It was the venue for the 2012 Miss World Final.

When it was newly built, the streets of the new Kangbashi district didn't have much activity and was frequently described as a "ghost city" by the western media. However by 2017, Kangbashi had become more populated with a resident population of 153,000 and around one-third of apartments occupied. In a Forbes article, Wade Shepard noted that "Of the 40,000 apartments that had been built in the new district since 2004, only 500 are still on the market.

أصل الاسم

The area had been administered under the Ih Ju League, also spelled Ikh Juu (بالمنغولية: ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ Yeke Juu ayimaγ; بالصينية: 伊克昭盟; پن‌ين: Yīkèzhāo Méng) since the 17th century, and was redesignated a prefecture-level city and renamed to Ordos on 26 February 2001. "Ordos" means "palaces" in the Mongolian language.Ordos originally referred to a tribe belonging to the Yeke Juu (Ike Chao ‘great monastery’) league and later included the tribe’s area, hence the Ordos, or Ordus, the area within the big bend of the Yellow River. Mongolian ordu(n), ord ‘court, residence of a ruler; palace; camp’, also for 'camp bodyguards'. According to Ramstedt -s is a plural suffix; further: ordu, orda; Turkic orta ‘a center’; Mongolian > Turkish orda ‘camp’ > Hindi urdū > English "horde." The name is sometimes claimed to be related to the eight white yurts of Genghis Khan. Linguistically, the Ordos dialect of Mongolian is quite different from neighboring Chakhar Mongolian.

التاريخ

الجغرافيا والمناخ

Ordos's prefectural administrative region occupies 86,752 kiloمتر مربعs (9.3379×10¹¹ قدم²) and covers the bigger part of the Ordos Desert, although the urban area itself is relatively small. It borders the prefecture-level divisions of Hohhot to the east, Baotou to the northeast, Bayan Nur to the north, Alxa League to the northwest, Wuhai to the west, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region to its southwest, and the provinces of Shaanxi and Shanxi to the south. The maximal north-south extent is 340 kم (1,120,000 قدم), while from east to west it stretches for 400 kم (1,300,000 قدم).

The most populous municipality is Dongsheng which had a population of 582,544 inhabitants as of the 2010 census. Another urban area is the conglomeration of Kangbashi District and the adjacent township of Altan Xire. Kangbashi is to the north of the Wulan Mulun River, a tributary of the Yellow River, while Altan Xire is to the south of the same river.

The area of Ordos Shi can roughly be divided into a hilly area in the east, high plateaus in the west and center, sandy deserts in the north and south, and plains at the southern bank of the Yellow River. The highest elevation, at 2,149 مترs (7,051 قدم), is located in the west, the lowest point, at 850 م (2,790 قدم), is in the east.

There are two large deserts in the territory of Ordos Shi: Kubuqi Desert (库布其沙漠) in the north and the Maowusu Desert (毛乌素沙漠) in the south. The Kubuqi Desert occupies 19.2% of Ordos, or 16,600 kم² (1.79×10¹¹ قدم²), while the Maowusu Desert takes up 28.8% of the area, or 25,000 kم² (2.7×10¹¹ قدم²).

Ordos features a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), marked by long, cold and very dry winters; very warm, somewhat humid summers; and strong winds, especially in spring. The annual precipitation is 300 to 400 milliمترs (11.8 to 15.7 بوصة) in the eastern part of the city and 190 to 350 mم (7.5 to 13.8 بوصة) in the western part. Most of the rain falls between July and September, with very little snow in winter; average annual evaporation reaches 2,000 to 3,000 mم (79 to 118 بوصة). In the city proper, the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −10.5 °م (13.1 °ف) in January to 21.0 °م (69.8 °ف) in July, while the annual mean is 6.16 °م (43.1 °ف). Sunshine duration averages 2,700 to 3,200 hours annually.

الاقتصاد

Ordos is one the most prosperous regions of China when measured by GDP figures. With a nominal per-capita GDP of US$34,352 and ppp per capita GDP of $65,192 in 2016, it ranks first among prefecture-level divisions in the entire Chinese mainland, and second in the PRC (including Hong Kong & Macau), behind Macau (Nominal GDP per capita: US$67,079; GDP (PPP) per capita: $96,148). It is extremely rich in natural resources, having one sixth of the national coal reserves. The pillars of its economy are textiles (wool), coal mining, petrochemicals, electricity generation, production of building materials, and bitcoin mining. An industrial park in Dalad Banner is home to one of the world's largest bitcoin 'mines' - really a massive server farm - owned by Beijing-based Bitmain.

التقسيمات الادارية

Ordos Shi is divided into two districts and seven ألوية:

كانگ‌باشي، المنطقة الجديدة

A large, sparsely inhabited urban real estate development has been constructed 25 km من Dongsheng District. Intended to house a million people, it remains mostly uninhabited. Intended to have 300,000 residents by 2010, government figures stated it had 28,000. It has been the subject of several speculative publication, including an illustrated feature series conducted by Al Jazeera in 2010. The Daily Mail has documented Ordos/Kangbashi and try to facile expose urban developments in China. trend

متحف أوردوس

In 2011, a 49,400-square-meter museum, entitled متحف أوردوس (الصينية المبسطة: 鄂尔多斯博物馆), was opened in Kangbashi. The museum, designed by China-based architectural practice MAD Studio, focuses upon the history of the Ordos area, as well as on the culture and traditions of Inner Mongolia.

النقل

Travel within Ordos City is primarily made by car or bus, using the city's network roads. Two tolled expressways, the G18 Rongcheng–Wuhai Expressway and the G65 Baotou–Maoming Expressway, provide connections with other towns and cities including Dongsheng.

There are no direct rail lines to the city. The closest is the Baoshen Line in Dongsheng.

Ordos Airport is located in Ejin Horo Banner.

الديمغرافيا

In the 2000 census, there were 1,369,766 inhabitants:

Many people came from the Shanxi province, 30 kم (98,000 قدم)south of this city.^[]

انظر أيضاً

• Ordos culture
• Ordos International Circuit
• ضريح جنگيز خان
• New South China Mall and Chenggong, examples of other underused developments
• List of cities in the People's Republic of China by population
• List of cities in the People's Republic of China by GDP per capita

الهامش

وصلات خارجية

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Ordos City.

• Official website
• Ordos Museum website (in Chinese)

نطقب:Inner Mongolia