كرناتكا
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كرناتكا
Karnataka
ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ
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ولاية | ||
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مع عقارب الساعة من أعلى:
قصر ميسور، Pattadakal، شعار امبراطورية هويسالا، معابد هامپي، Brindavan Gardens, Shivanasamudra Falls | ||
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Map of Karnataka
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| الإحداثيات (Bangalore): Coordinates: | ||
| البلد |
 الهند
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| التشكيل | 1 نوفمبر 1956 (بإسم ولاية ميسور) |
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| العاصمة وأكبر مدينة |
بنگالور (بنگالورو) | |
| الأضلع | قائمة
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| الحكم | ||
| • الهيئة | حكومة كرناتكا | |
| • الحاكم | Vajubhai Vala | |
| • كبير الوزراء | H. D. Kumaraswamy (JD (S)) | |
| • Deputy Chief Minister | G. Parameshwara (INC) | |
| • التشريع | ثنائي الغرفة | |
| • المحكمة العليا | محكمة كرناتكا العليا | |
| المساحة | ||
| • الإجمالية | 191٬791 كم² (74٬051 ميل²) | |
| ترتيب المساحة | 7th | |
| أعلى ارتفاع | 1٬925 m (6٬316 ft) | |
| أوطى ارتفاع | 0 m (0 ft) | |
| التعداد(2011) | ||
| • الإجمالي | 61٬130٬704 | |
| • الترتيب | 8th | |
| • الكثافة | 320/km2 (830/sq mi) | |
| صفة المواطن | Kannadiga | |
| GDP (2018–19) | ||
| • Total | ₹14٫08 lakh crore (260 بليون US$) | |
| • Per capita | ₹174٬551 (US$3٬200) | |
| منطقة التوقيت | IST (التوقيت العالمي المنسق+05:30) | |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-KA | |
| اللغة الرسمية | كنادا | |
| Literacy | 75.60% (2011 census) | |
| HDI | ▲ 0.6176 (medium) | |
| HDI rank | 8th (2015) | |
| المسقط الإلكتروني | karnataka.gov.in | |
| ' | ||
| Symbols | ||
| الشعار | Gandaberunda | |
| الأغنية | Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate | |
| الحيوان | Indian elephant | |
| الطائر | Indian Roller | |
| الزهرة | Lotus | |
| الشجرة | Sandalwood | |
كـَرناتـَكا (بالكنادا: ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ, تـُنطـَق ) تعتبر ثامن ولاية هندية من حيث المساحة حيث تبلغ مساحتها 192،000 كم2 والمرتبة التاسعة من حيث عدد السكان حيث يبلغ عدد سكانها 55،868،200 نسمة عاصمتها مدينة بنگالور.
كارناتاكا ولاية تقع على الساحل الغربي في الجزء الجنوبي للهند وتبلغ مساحتها 191,791كم² وسكانها 44,817,398 نسمة وعاصمتها بانغالور، ويمثل الهندوس 80% من سكان الولاية والمسلمون 10% والمسيحيون 3% وتبلغ الأمية فيها نحو60%. ويعتمد اقتصاد الولاية على زراعة البن والأخشاب، وصناعة الطائرات والأجهزة الكهربائية وصناعة النسيج، وتعدين الحديد والنحاس والمضى والمنجنيز والميكا.
التاريخ
الجغرافيا
الديمغرافيا
| النموالسكاني | |||
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| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1951 | 19٬402٬000 | ||
| 1961 | 23٬587٬000 | 21.6% | |
| 1971 | 29٬299٬000 | 24.2% | |
| 1981 | 37٬136٬000 | 26.7% | |
| 1991 | 44٬977٬000 | 21.1% | |
| 2001 | 52٬851٬000 | 17.5% | |
| Source:Census of India | |||
According to the 2001 census of India, the total population of Karnataka is 52,850,562, of which 26,898,918 (50.89%) are male and 25,951,644 (49.11%) are female, or 1000 males for every 964 females. This represents a 17.25% increase over the population in 1991. The population density is 275.6 per km² and 33.98% of the people live in urban areas. The literacy rate is 66.6% with 76.1% of males and 56.9% of females being literate. 83% of the population are Hindu, 11% are Muslim, 4% are Christian, 0.78% are Jains, 0.73% are Buddhist, and with the remainder belonging to other religions.
Kannada is the official language of Karnataka and spoken as a native language by about 64.75% of the people. Other linguistic minorities in the state as of 1991 are Urdu (9.72%), Telugu (8.34%), Tamil (5.46%), Marathi (3.95%), Tulu (3.38%), Hindi (1.87%), Konkani (1.78%), Malayalam (1.69%) and Kodava Takk (0.25%). The state has a birth rate of 2.2%, a death rate of 0.72%, an infant mortality rate of 5.5% and a maternal mortality rate of 0.195%. The total fertility rate is 2.2.
In the field of super-specialty health care, Karnataka's private sector competes with the best in the world. Karnataka has also established a modicum of public health services having a better record of health care and child care than most other states of India. In spite of these advances, some parts of the state still leave much to be desired when it comes to primary health care.
الحكومة والادارة
الديانات
اختار أدي شانكارا سرينگري في كرناتكا لتأسيس أول ماثاته الأربعة. Ramanujacharya, the leading expounder of , spent many years in Melkote. He came to Karnataka in 1098 AD and lived here until 1122 AD. He first lived in Tondanur and then moved to Melkote where the Cheluvanarayana Temple and a well organised Matha were built. He was patronized by the Hoysala king, Vishnuvardhana. In the twelfth century, Veerashaivism emerged in northern Karnataka as a protest against the rigidity of the prevailing social and caste system. Leading figures of this movement were Basava, Akka Mahadevi and Allama Prabhu, who established the Anubhava Mantapa where the philosophy of Shakti Vishishtadvaita was expounded. This was the basis of the Lingayat faith which today counts millions among its followers. The Jain philosophy and literature have contributed immensely to the religious and cultural landscape of Karnataka.
الإسلام، الذي كان له حضور مبكر على الساحل الغربي للهند منذ القرن العاشر، اكتسب موطئ قدم في كرناتكا بصعود سلطنتي بهماني وبيجاپور اللتين حكمتا أجزاء من كرناتكا. وصلت المسيحية كرناتكا في القرن 16 مع البرتغاليين والقديس فرانسس زاڤيير في 1545. وقد كان للبوذية شعبية في كرناتكا في الألفية الأولى في أماكن مثل Gulbarga and Banavasi. A chance discovery of edicts and several Mauryan relics at Sannati في Gulbarga district في 1986 أثبتت حتى حوض نهر كرشنا كان يوماً ما معقلاً لبوذية مهايانا وهينايانا.
Mysore Dasara is celebrated as the Nada habba (state festival) and this is marked by major festivities at Mysore.Ugadi (Kannada New Year), Makara Sankranti (the harvest festival), Ganesh Chaturthi, Nagapanchami, Basava Jayanthi, Deepavali, ورمضان هي الأعياد الكبرى الاخرى في كرناتكا.
السياحة
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المواقع والتماثيل الأثرية في كرناتكا
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الهامش
- ^ "Protected Areas of India: State-wise break up of Wildlife Sanctuaries" (PDF). Wildlife Institute of India. Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- ^ "Figures at a glance" (PDF). 2011 Provisional census data. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 October 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ "Karnataka Budget 2018-19" (PDF). Karnataka Finance Dept. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
- ^ "MOSPI Gross State Domestic Product". Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. ثلاثة August 2018.
- ^ (PDF). nclm.nic.in. p. 123. Archived from the original (PDF) onثمانية July 2016.
- ^ "Population and Literacy Rate of cities in Karnataka". Archived from the original on 25 June 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
- ^ "Inequality- Adjusted Human Development Index for India's States". Archived from the original onعشرة May 2017.
- ^ Shankar, Shiva (7 February 2018). "State flag may be a tricolour with Karnataka emblem on white". The Times of India. The Times Group.
- ^ ". The Hindu. The Hindu Group. 11 January 2004.
- ^ Huq, Iteshamul, ed. (2015). "Introduction". (PDF) (in الإنجليزية) (Fifth ed.). Karnataka Gazetteer Department. p. 48.
- ^ "Census Population" (PDF). Census of India. Ministry of Finance India. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
- ^ "India (Religion), Census of 2001". Census of India. Registrar General, Government of India. Retrieved 2007-06-15.
- ^ A. R. Fatihi. "Urdu in Karnataka". Language in India, Volume 2: 2002-12-09. M. S. Thirumalai, Managing Editor, Language in India. Retrieved 2007-06-29.
- ^ "Envisaging a healthy growth". The Frontline. The Hindu. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
- ^ "Karnataka bets big on healthcare tourism". The Hindu Business Line, dated 2004-11-23. 2004, The Hindu. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
- ^ "Ticking child healthcare time bomb". The Education World. Education World. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
- ^ Kamath (2001), pp. 150-152
- ^ Kamath (2001), pp. 152-154.
- ^ Sastri (1955), p. 396.
- ^ Sastri (1955), p. 398.
- ^ "Dasara fest panel meets Thursday". The Times of India, dated 2003-07-22. Times Internet Limited. Retrieved 2007-07-17.
المصادر
- John Keay, India: A History, 2000, Grove publications, New York, ISBN 0-8021-3797-0
- Dr. Suryanath U. Kamath, Concise history of Karnataka, 2001, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002) OCLC: 7796041
- Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955). A History of South India, From Prehistoric times to fall of Vijayanagar, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002) ISBN 0-19-560686-8..
- R. Narasimhacharya, History of Kannada Literature, 1988, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, Madras,1988, ISBN 81-206-0303-6.
- K.V. Ramesh, Chalukyas of Vatapi, 1984, Agam Kala Prakashan, Delhi ISBN 3987-10333
- Malini Adiga (2006), The Making of Southern Karnataka: Society, Polity and Culture in the early medieval period, AD 400-1030, Orient Longman, Chennai, ISBN 81 250 2912 5
- Altekar, Anant Sadashiv (1934) [1934]. The Rashtrakutas And Their Times; being a political, administrative, religious, social, economic and literary history of the Deccan during C. 750 A.D. to C. 1000 A.D. Poona: Oriental Book Agency. OCLC 3793499.
- Masica, Colin P. (1991) [1991]. The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN .
- Cousens, Henry (1996) [1926]. The Chalukyan Architecture of Kanarese District. New Delhi: Archeological Survey of India. OCLC 37526233.
- Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund, A History of India, fourth edition, Routledge, 2004, ISBN 0-415-32919-1
- Foekema, Gerard [2003] (2003). Architecture decorated with architecture: Later medieval temples of Karnataka, 1000-1300 AD. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 81-215-1089-9.
وصلات خارجية
- Official website of the Government of Karnataka
- Karnataka Government Information Department
- كرناتكا at the Open Directory Project
نطقب:Karnataka topics
