معاهدة الصداقة والتحالف والتعاون السوڤيتية الصينية
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طابع بريدي صيني يخلد توقيع المعاهدة
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| وُقـِّعت | 14 فبراير 1950 |
|---|---|
| Expiry | 16 فبراير 1979 |
| المسقطون |
يوسف ستالين؛ ماوزىدونگ
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معاهدة الصداقة والتحالف والتعاون السوڤيتية الصينية (الصينية المبسطة: 中苏友好同盟互助条约; الصينية التقليدية: 中蘇友好同盟互助條約; پنين: Zhōng-Sū Yǒuhǎo Tóngméng Hùzhù Tiáoyuè)، أواختصاراً: معاهدة الصداقة والتحالف السوڤيتية الصينية، هي معاهدة تحالف أُبرمت بين جمهورية الصين الشعبية والاتحاد السوڤيتي في 14 فبراير 1950. It was based to a considerable extent on the prior Treaty of the same name that had been arranged between the Soviet Union and the Nationalist government of China in 1945 and it was the product of extended negotiations between Liu Shaoqi and Stalin. By its terms the Soviet Union recognized the جمهورية الصين الشعبية وسحب اعترافه بجمهورية الصين.
سافر ماوإلى الاتحاد السوڤيتي لكي يوقـّع المعاهدة بعد التوصل لتفاصيلها، one of only two times he travelled outside China in his life. The Treaty dealt with a range of issues such as Soviet privileges in Xinjiang and Manchuria. Specifically the Chinese Eastern Railway and the ports of Dalian and Lushun were to be returned to China. One of its most important points was the provision of a $300 million loan from the Soviet Union to the PRC, which had suffered economically and logistically from over a decade of intense warfare. The treaty did not prevent relations between Beijing and Moscow from drastic deterioration in the late 1950s – early 1960s, at the time of the الشقاق السوڤيتي الصيني.
After expiration of the treaty in 1979 Deng Xiaoping wanted China not to negotiate with the Soviets unless they agreed to China's demands. Those were that the Soviets retreated from Afghanistan, removed their troops from Mongolia and Sino-Soviet borders and stopped supporting Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia. Expiration of the treaty allowed China to attack Vietnam, a Soviet ally, in the Third Indochina War as a response to Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia, as the treaty had prevented China from attacking Soviet allies.
انظر أيضاً
- Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
- نزاع الحدود السوفيتي الصيني
- 2001 Sino-Russian Treaty of Friendship
وصلات خارجية
- An article which mentions the treaty.
- Yang Kuisong, " (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-03-18. (103 KiB) (2005), Parallel History Project (PHP).
الهامش
- ^ Zhang Shengfa, "Return of the Chinese Changchun Railway to China by the USSR." In Manchurian Railways and the Opening of China, 171-94. 1st ed. Vol. 1. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group, 2010. Page 171.
- ^ Joseph Y.S. Cheng "Challenges to China's Russian Policy in Early 21st Century." in: Journal of Contemporary Asia, Volume: 34 Issue: أربعة (November 1, 2004), p 481
