| | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1799

سنة 1799 (MDCCXCIX) كانت سنة بسيطة تبدأ يوم الثلاثاء (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1799 بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 799 في الألفية 2، السنة 99 في القرن 18، والسنة عشرة والأخيرة في عقد 1790 بين 1583 و1929 ومع فارق 1799 is 11 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929.

أحداث

يناير-يونيو

• 3 يناير - التحالف الهجري الروسي ضد فرنسا.
• Januaryتسعة – British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound, to raise funds for Great Britain's war effort in the Napoleonic Wars.
• 22 يناير - أهالي ناپولي يعلنون الجمهورية الپارثنوپية وجيزة العمر، أثناء الاحتلال الفرنسي للمدينة.
• 23 يناير - الجيش الفرنسي، بقيادة جان-إتيان شامپيونيه يفتح بعد قتال مرير مدينة ناپولي عاصمة مملكة الصقليتين.
• 28 فبراير – French Revolutionary Wars – Action of 28 February 1799: British Royal Navy frigate defeats the , off the mouth of the Hooghly River in the Bay of Bengal, but both captains are killed.
• March 1 – Federalist James Ross becomes President pro tempore of the United States Senate.
• March ثلاثة – The Russo-Ottoman siege of Corfu ends, with the surrender of the French garrison.
• Marchسبعة – Napoleon captures Jaffa, Palestine, and his troops proceed to kill more than 2,000 Albanian captives.
• 12 مارس - حرب التحالف الثاني تبدأ.
• 19 مارس - في الجمهورية الهلڤتية، اتخاذ الفرنك السويسري كعملة.
• 20 مارس - الحملة الفرنسية على مصر تبدأ حصار عكا.
• 21 مارس - First battle in the Second Coalition War is the Battle of Ostrach . The Austrian army led by Archduke Karl of Austria-Teschen beats invaded French troops in southern Germany under General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan , who retreat to Stockach .
• 25 مارس - The Second Coalition War brings the Austrian army units under the leadership of Archduke Charles of Austria-Teschen another victory over the French Danube army under General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan in the Battle of Stockach . Jourdan loses his command because of the second defeat within four days.

• March 29 – New York passes a law aimed at gradually abolishing slavery in the state.
• 16 أبريل - الجيش العثماني يهزمه الفرنسيون في معركة أدا.
• 29 أبريل - Two French diplomats die at the unresolved Rastatt envoy murder. The act ends the Rastatt Congress and prevents an early peace agreement between France and Austria in the second coalition war.

• May أربعة – Battle of Seringapatam: Tipu Sultan is defeated and killed by the British; the captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam ends.
• May 21 – The Siege of Acre ends after two months; Napoleon's attempt to widen his Middle Eastern campaign into Syria is frustrated by Ottoman forces, and he withdraws to Egypt.
• May 27 – Battle of Winterthur: Habsburg forces secure control of north-east Switzerland, from the French Army of the Danube.
• June 18 – French Revolutionary Wars – Action of 18 June 1799: A French frigate squadron, under Rear-admiral Perrée, is captured by the British fleet under Lord Keith, off Toulon.

يوليو-ديسمبر

• Julyسبعة – Ranjit Singh's men take their positions outside Lahore.
• July 12 – Ranjit Singh captures Lahore from the Bhangi Misl, a key step in establishing the Sikh Empire, and becoming Maharaja of the Punjab.
• July 15 – In the Egyptian port city of Rosetta, French Captain Pierre Bouchard finds the Rosetta Stone.
• July 25 – At Aboukir, Egypt, Napoleon defeats 10,000 Ottoman Mamluk troops under Mustafa Pasha.
• August 27 – War of the Second Coalition – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland: Britain and Russia send an expedition to the Batavian Republic.
• August 30 – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland – Vlieter Incident: A squadron of the Batavian Republic's navy, commanded by Rear-Admiral Samuel Story, surrenders to the British Royal Navy, under Sir Ralph Abercromby and Admiral Sir Charles Mitchell, near Wieringen, without joining action.
• Octoberستة – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland – Battle of Castricum: Franco-Dutch forces defeat the Russo-British expedition force.
• Octoberتسعة – (a famous treasure wreck) is sunk in the West Frisian Islands.
• October 12 – Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse becomes the first woman to jump from a balloon with a parachute, from an altitude of 900 meters.
• October 16 – Action of 16 October 1799: A Spanish treasure convoy worth more than £54,000,000 is captured by the British Royal Navy off Vigo.
• October 18 – Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland: Anglo-Russian expedition forces surrender in North Holland.
• Novemberتسعة (Coup of 18 Brumaire) – Napoleon overthrows the French Directory in a coup d'état, which ends the French Revolution.
• Novemberعشرة (19 Brumaire) – A remnant of the Council of Ancients in France abolishes the Constitution of the Year III, and ordains the French Consulate with Napoleon as First Consul, with the Constitution of the Year VIII.
• December 14 – George Washington, first President of the United States, dies at Mount Vernon, Virginia.
• December 31 – The Dutch East India Company's charter is allowed to expire by the Batavian Republic.

مجهولة التاريخ

• The Place Royale in Paris is renamed Place des Vosges, when the Department of Vosges becomes the first to pay new Revolutionary taxes.
• Eli Whitney, holding a 1798 United States government contract for the manufacture of muskets, is introduced by Oliver Wolcott, Jr. to the concept of interchangeable parts, an origin of the American system of manufacturing.
• Conrad John Reed, 12, finds what he describes as a "heavy yellow rock" along Little Meadow Creek in Cabarrus County, North Carolina, and makes it a doorstop in his home. Conrad's father John Reed learns that the rock is actually gold in 1802, initiating the first gold rush in the United States.
• The assassination of the 14th Tu'i Kanokupolu, Tukuʻaho, plunges Tonga into half a century of civil war.
• The Nawab (provincial governor) of Oudh in northern India sends to George III of England the Padshah Nama, an official history of the reign of Shah Jahan.
• William Cockerill begins building cotton-spinning equipment in Belgium.
• The small town of Tignish, Prince Edward Island, Canada is founded.

مواليد

January–June

• Januaryستة – Jedediah Smith, American fur trapper, explorer (d. 1831)
• January 12 – Priscilla Susan Bury, British botanist (d. 1872)
• January 23 – Alois Negrelli, Tyrolean engineer, railroad pioneer active in the Austrian Empire (1858)
• January 31 – Rodolphe Töpffer, Swiss teacher, author, and artist (d. 1846)
• February أربعة – Almeida Garrett, Portuguese writer (d. 1854)
• February 11 – Basil Moreau, founder of the Congregation of Holy Cross (d. 1873)
• February 14 – Walenty Wańkowicz, Polish painter (d. 1842)
• February 27 – Edward Belcher, British admiral (d. 1877)
• Marchثمانية – Simon Cameron, American politician (d. 1889)
• March 16 – Anna Atkins, British botanist (d. 1871)
• March 20 – Karl August Nicander, Swedish poet (d. 1839)
• March 22 – Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander, German astronomer (d. 1875)
• March 28 – Karl Adolph von Basedow, German physician, noted for reporting the symptoms of Graves–Basedow disease (d. 1854)
• March 29 – Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1869)
• April 12 – Henri Druey, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1855)
• April 17 – Eliza Acton, English poet and cookery writer (d. 1859)
• May 13 – Catherine Gore, English author (d. 1861)
• May 20 – Honoré de Balzac, French author (d. 1850)
• May 21 – Mary Anning, British paleontologist (d. 1847)
• May 25 – Alexei Lvov, Russian composer (d. 1870)
• June ثلاثة – Elisabetta Fiorini Mazzanti, Italian botanist (d. 1879)
• Juneستة – Alexander Pushkin, Russian author (d. 1837)
• June 18 – Prosper Ménière, French physician (d. 1862)
• June 25 – David Douglas, Scottish-born botanist (d. 1834)

يوليو-ديسمبر

• July أربعة – King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway (d. 1859)
• August 12 – Patrick MacDowell, Irish sculptor (d. 1870)
• Septemberثمانية – James Bowman Lindsay, Scottish inventor (d. 1862)
• Septemberعشرة – George Willison Adams, American abolitionist (d. 1879)
• October 1 – John Brown Russwurm, American abolitionist (d. 1851)
• October 18 – Christian Friedrich Schönbein, German chemist (d. 1868)
• October 26 – Margaret Agnes Bunn, British actress (d. 1883)
• November 1 – Thomas Baldwin Marsh, American religious leader (d. 1866)
• Novemberسبعة – James Syme, Scottish medical reformer (d. 1870)
• November 29 – Amos Bronson Alcott, father of novelist Louisa May Alcott (d. 1888)
• December ثلاثة – Peggy Eaton, wife of Secretary of State John Eaton (central character of the Petticoat affair) (d. 1879)
• December 25 – Augusta Hejnek, last surviving person from the 1700s (d. 1908)

مجهولة التاريخ

• James Townsend Saward, English barrister, forger
• Domnița Rallou Caragea, Greek princess, independence activist (d. 1870)

وفيات

January–June

• Januaryتسعة – Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Italian mathematician (و. 1718)
• January 22 – Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, Swiss aristocrat, alpinist (و. 1740)
• Februaryستة – Étienne-Louis Boullée, French architect (و. 1728)
• Februaryسبعة – Qianlong Emperor of China (و. 1711)
• February 12 – Lazzaro Spallanzani, Italian biologist, physiologist (و. 1729)
• February 16 – Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria (و. 1724)
• February 19 – Jean-Charles de Borda, French mathematician, physicist, political scientist, and sailor (و. 1733)
• February 22 – Heshen, Manchu official under Qianlong (و. 1750)
• February 24 – Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, German scientist, satirist, and Anglophile (و. 1742)
• March 17 – Sir Charles Thompson, 1st Baronet, British admiral, politician (و. c. 1740)
• March 28 – Etta Palm d'Aelders, Dutch-French feminist (و. 1743)
• March 29 – Helena Dorothea von Schönberg, German industrialist (d. 1729)
• Aprilستة – Alexander Bezborodko, Grand Chancellor of Russia, architect of Catherine the Great's foreign policy (و. 1747)
• May 2 – Guemes Padilla Horcasitas, the Viceroy of New Spain (و. 1740)
• May أربعة – Tipu Sultan, Indian ruler (و. 1750)
• May 18 – Pierre Beaumarchais, French writer (و. 1732)
• May 26 – James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish jurist (و. 1714)
• May 31 – Pierre Charles Le Monnier, French astronomer (و. 1715)
• Juneستة – Patrick Henry, American revolutionary politician, Governor of Virginia (و. 1736)
• Juneعشرة – Chevalier de Saint-Georges, Guadeloupe-born French musician (و. 1745)
• June 30 – Francesco Caracciolo, Neapolitan admiral, revolutionist (و. 1752)

يوليو-ديسمبر

• Julyسبعة – William Curtis, English botanist, entomologist (و. 1746)
• August 2 – Jacques Étienne Montgolfier, French inventor of the hot-air balloon, balloonist (و. 1744)
• August أربعة – John Bacon, British sculptor (و. 1740)
• Augustخمسة – Richard Howe, British admiral (و. 1726)
• August 15 – Barthélemy Catherine Joubert, French general (و. 1769)
• August 20 – Eleonora de Fonseca Pimentel, Italian poet, journalist and revolutionary (و. 1752)
• August 29 – Pope Pius VI (و. 1717)
• August 31 – Nicolas-Henri Jardin, French architect (و. 1720)
• Septemberسبعة – Jan Ingenhousz, Dutch physician, physiologist, biologist, and chemist (و. 1730)
• Octoberستة – William Withering, British physician (و. 1741)
• Octoberتسعة – Pierre Pigneau de Behaine, French priest who helped to establish the Nguyễn dynasty (و. 1741)
• October 24 – Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf, Austrian composer (و. 1739)
• Decemberستة – Joseph Black, Scottish physician, physicist, and chemist (و. 1728)
• November 22 – Judith van Dorth, Dutch orangist (و. 1747)
• December 14 – George Washington, military leader of the American Revolution, president of the Constitutional Convention (1787), and first President of the United States (1789–1797) (و. 1732)
• December 31 – Jean-François Marmontel, French historian, writer (و. 1723)

References

ru-sib:1799