ولاية خالسكو

Jalisco
Jalisco ; Estado Libre y Soberano de Jalisco
	State
	Free and Sovereign State of Jalisco
; Flag	; Seal
	الشعار الحادي: Jalisco es México; (بالإنگليزية: "Jalisco is Mexico")
	Jalisco within Mexico
	الإحداثيات: Coordinates:
Country	المكسيك
Capital	Guadalajara
Largest city	Guadalajara
Municipalities	125
Admission	December 23, 1823
Order	9th
الحكم
• Governor	Enrique Alfaro Ramírez
• Senators	Clemente Castañeda Hoeflich ; Veronica Delgadillo García ; María Antonia Cárdenas Mariscal
• Deputies	Federal Deputies
المساحة
• الإجمالية	78٬588 كم² (30٬343 ميل²)
	Ranked 7th
أعلى ارتفاع	4٬339 m (14٬236 ft)
التعداد(2018)
• الإجمالي	8٬256٬100
• الترتيب	4th
• الكثافة	110/km2 (270/sq mi)
• ترتيب الكثافة	11th
صفة المواطن	Jalisciense
منطقة التوقيت	CST (التوقيت العالمي المنسق−6)
• الصيفي	CDT (UTC−5)
Postal code	44-49
Area code	Area codes 1, 2 and 3
ISO 3166 code	MX-JAL
HDI	▲ 0.788 high Ranked 12th
GDP (nominal)	US$ 120,589,080,000 Ranked 4th
GDP per capita (nominal)	US$ 15,371.79
GDP (PPP)	US$ 261,403,061,000
GDP per capita (PPP)	US$ 33,321.70
المسقط الإلكتروني	[{{#property:P856 {{#property:P856 ]
	a. The state's GDP was 566,809,524 million pesos in 2008, amount corresponding to 44,281,994.06 million dollars, being a dollar worth 12.80 pesos (value of June 3, 2010).; b. The state's flag was officially adopted in 2007

ولاية خاليسكو (Jalisco ؛ //؛ النطق الإسپاني: [xaˈlisko])، رسمياً ولاية خالسكوالحرة والسيدة (بالاسپانية: Estado Libre y Soberano de Jalisco النطق الإسپاني: [esˈtaðo ˈliβɾe i soβeˈɾano ðe xaˈlisko]) هي واحدة من 31 من ولايات المكسيك، والتي مع مدينة المكسيك، تشكل 32 كيان اتحادي بالمكسيك. وتقع في غرب المكسيك وتحدها ست ولايات، هي Nayarit, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Michoacán and Colima. Jalisco is divided into 125 municipalities, and its capital city is Guadalajara. Jalisco is one of the most important states in Mexico because of its natural resources as well as its history. Many of the characteristic traits of Mexican culture, particularly outside Mexico City, are originally from Jalisco, such as mariachi, ranchera music, birria, tequila, jaripeo, etc., hence the state's motto: "Jalisco es México." Economically, it is ranked third in the country, with industries centered in the Guadalajara metropolitan area, the second largest metropolitan area in Mexico. The state is home to two significant indigenous populations, the Huichols and the Nahuas. There is also a significant foreign population, mostly retirees from the United States and Canada, living in the Lake Chapala and Puerto Vallarta areas.

التاريخ

فترة ما قبل الاسبان

سيراميك من القرن الثاني؛ الارتفاع: 7.9 سم (3¹⁄₈ in.); Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City)

Nomadic peoples moving south arrived to the Jalisco area around 15,000 years ago.

الفترة الاستعمارية

كريستوبال دى أوليد يقود الجنود الاسبان مع حلفائهم Tlaxcalan في غزوات خالسكو، 1522. من Lienzo de Tlaxcala.

Over its history, the Jalisco area has been occupied by a variety of ethnicities including the Bapames, Caxcans, Cocas, Cuachilchils, Huichols, Cuyutecos, Otomis, Nahuas, Tecuejes, Tepehuans, Tecos, Purépecha, Pinomes, Tzaultecas and Xilotlantzingas. Some writers have also mentioned groups such as the Pinos, Otontlatolis, Amultecas, Coras, Xiximes, Tecuares, Tecoxines and Tecualmes. When the Spanish arrived the main ethnic groups were the Cazcanes, who inhabited the northern regions near Teocalteche and the Lagos de Morenos, and the Huichols, who inhabited the northwest near Huejúcar and Colotlán. Other groups included the Guachichil in the Los Altos area, the Nahuatl speaking Cuyutecos in the west, the Tecuexes and Cocas near what is now Guadalajara, and the Guamares in the east near the Guanajuato border.

الاستقلال

پريسيليانوسانشيز، أول حاكم للولاية

At the beginning of the 19th century, Colima, parts of Zacatecas and the San Blas region (Nayarit) were still part of the Intendencia of Guadalajara. The area had relative freedom from Spanish colonial authorities and prospered with fewer trade restrictions. This, along with lingering indigenous resentment to Spanish rule since the 16th century, led it to be sympathetic to insurgent movements in the early 19th century.

الجغرافيا

التنوع الحيوي

حيوانات كثيرة

النبيت والوحيش في خالسكو

Armadillo	Puma	Coralillo	Zorro	Águila real

Huilota	Víbora de cascabel	Venado bura	Coyote	Borrego cimarrón

Agave	Tuna	Cactus erizo	Cardón	Pino

أقصى ارتفاعات

الديمغرافيا

التعداد التاريخي
السنة	تعداد	±%
1895	1٬114٬765	—
1900	1٬153٬891	+3.5%
1910	1٬208٬855	+4.8%
1921	1٬191٬957	−1.4%
1930	1٬255٬346	+5.3%
1940	1٬418٬310	+13.0%
1950	1٬746٬777	+23.2%
1960	2٬443٬261	+39.9%
1970	3٬296٬586	+34.9%
1980	4٬371٬998	+32.6%
1990	5٬302٬689	+21.3%
1995	5٬991٬176	+13.0%
2000	6٬322٬002	+5.5%
2005	6٬752٬113	+6.8%
2010	7٬350٬682	+8.9%
2015	7٬844٬830	+6.7%

A Wixárika man making a beaded jaguar head

التعداد

الحكومة والمناطق

مناطق خالسكو

أربع مناطق فيزيوغرافية في خالسكو

منظر ماسكوتا، خالسكو

المناطق الادارية في خالسكو
#	المنطقة	المقر	المساحة (كم²)	المساحة (%)	التعداد (2010)	التعداد (%)
1	Norte	Colotlán	10,305	12.9%	78,835	1.1%
2	Altos Norte	Lagos de Moreno	8,882	11.1%	383,317	5.2%
3	Altos Sur	Tepatitlán de Morelos	6,667	8.3%	384,144	5.2%
4	Ciénega	La Barca	4,892	6.1%	503,297	6.8%
5	Sureste	Tamazula de Gordiano	7,124	8.9%	116,416	1.6%
6	Sur	Zapotlán el Grande	5,650	7.1%	332,411	4.5%
7	Sierra de Amula	El Grullo	4,240	5.3%	95,680	1.3%
9	Costa Norte	Puerto Vallarta	5,985	7.5%	300,760	4.1%
10	Sierra Occidental	Mascota	8,381	10.5%	61,257	0.8%
11	Valles	Ameca	6,004	7.5%	345,438	4.7%
12	Centro	Guadalajara	5,003	6.2%	4,578,700	62.3%
8	Costa Sur	Autlán de Navarro	7,004	8.7%	170,427	2.3%
total	Jalisco	Guadalajara	80,137	100%	7,350,682	100%

التوزيع السكاني

السياحة

المدن السحرية

Mazamitla
Tequila
Tapalpa
San Sebastián del Oeste
Lagos de Moreno
Talpa de Allende
Mascota
Tlaquepaque

Mazamitla

Tequila

Lagos de Moreno

San Sebastián del Oeste

Tapalpa

انظر أيضا

Municipalities of Jalisco
National Action Party Jalisco
Western Mexico shaft tomb tradition

المراجع

^ "Las Diputaciones Provinciales" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 15.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Senadores por Jalisco LXI Legislatura". Senado de la Republica. Retrieved March 24, 2010.
^ "Listado de Diputados por Grupo Parlamentario del Estado de Jalisco". Camara de Diputados. Retrieved March 24, 2010.
^ "Resumen". Cuentame INEGI. Archived from the original on March 16, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.
^ "Relieve". Cuentame INEGI. Archived from the original on March 1, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2011.
^ "Encuesta Intercensal 2015" (PDF). Retrieved December 8, 2015.
^ "Jalisco". 2010. Archived from the original on April 20, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2011.
^ "Reporte: Jueves ثلاثة de Junio del 2010. Cierre del peso mexicano". www.pesomexicano.com.mx. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
^ "Ley sobre el Escudo, Bandera e Himno del Estado de Jalisco" (in Spanish). 2007-02-22. pp. Page 2. Archived from the original (Word Document) on 2008-12-19. Retrieved 2008-12-08. CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Generalidades" [General information] (in Spanish). Mexico: State of Jalisco. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2011. CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ Rosa María Espiritu Miguel (December 3, 2009). "Cultura aborigen en Jalisco" [Aboriginal culture in Jalisco] (in Spanish). Mexico: State of Jalisco. Archived from the original on March 26, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2011. CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Atractivos Culturales y Turísticos" [Cultural and Tourist Attractions]. Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México Jalisco (in Spanish). Mexico: Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal and Government of Jalisco. 2005. Archived from the original on December 5, 2006. Retrieved September 9, 2011. CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة enchis
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة houston
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة sigloxviiigob
^ "Encuesta Intercensal 2015" (PDF). INEGI. Retrieved 2015-12-08.
^ INEGI Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine.

وصلات خارجية

(بالإسپانية) Jalisco State Government
نطقب:Osmrelation
ولاية خالسكوat the Open Directory Project
Congress of the State (بالإسپانية)
State Government (بالإسپانية)
Supreme Court of Jalisco (بالإسپانية)
THE HISTORY OF JALISCO, by Donna S. Morales and John P. Schmal, Houston Institute for Culture

[1] "Las Diputaciones Provinciales" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 15.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[2] "Senadores por Jalisco LXI Legislatura". Senado de la Republica. Retrieved March 24, 2010.

[3] "Listado de Diputados por Grupo Parlamentario del Estado de Jalisco". Camara de Diputados. Retrieved March 24, 2010.

[4] "Resumen". Cuentame INEGI. Archived from the original on March 16, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2013.

[5] "Relieve". Cuentame INEGI. Archived from the original on March 1, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2011.

[6] "Encuesta Intercensal 2015" (PDF). Retrieved December 8, 2015.

[7] "Jalisco". 2010. Archived from the original on April 20, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2011.

[8] "Reporte: Jueves ثلاثة de Junio del 2010. Cierre del peso mexicano". www.pesomexicano.com.mx. Retrieved August 10, 2010.

[9] "Ley sobre el Escudo, Bandera e Himno del Estado de Jalisco" (in Spanish). 2007-02-22. pp. Page 2. Archived from the original (Word Document) on 2008-12-19. Retrieved 2008-12-08. CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[generalidades-10] "Generalidades" [General information] (in Spanish). Mexico: State of Jalisco. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2011. CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[aborigengob-11] Rosa María Espiritu Miguel (December 3, 2009). "Cultura aborigen en Jalisco" [Aboriginal culture in Jalisco] (in Spanish). Mexico: State of Jalisco. Archived from the original on March 26, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2011. CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[atraccul-12] "Atractivos Culturales y Turísticos" [Cultural and Tourist Attractions]. Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México Jalisco (in Spanish). Mexico: Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal and Government of Jalisco. 2005. Archived from the original on December 5, 2006. Retrieved September 9, 2011. CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

[enchis-13] خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة enchis

[houston-14] خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة houston

[sigloxviiigob-15] خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة sigloxviiigob

[16] "Encuesta Intercensal 2015" (PDF). INEGI. Retrieved 2015-12-08.

[INEGI-17] INEGI Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine.

Num.	Elevación	Altitud	Num.	Elevación	Altitud
1	Nevado de Colima	4,260 msnm	10	Cerro Gordo	2,670 msnm
2	Volcán de Colima	3,820 msnm	9	Sierra el Tigre	2,840 msnm
3	Sierra de Tapalpa	2,960 msnm	8	Sierra de Manantlán	2,840 msnm
4	Volcán de Tequila	2,940 msnm	7	Sierra Alta	2,850 msnm
5	Cerro Viejo	2,880 msnm	6	Sierra Huichola	2,860 msnm

Num.	Municipio	Pob.	Num.	Municipio	Pob.
1	Guadalajara	1,494,134	11	Ocotlán	92,958
2	Zapopan	1,243,538	12	Arandas	72,885
3	San Pedro Tlaquepaque	608,187	13	Tala	69,031
4	Tonalá	478,981	14	San Juan de los Lagos	65,219
5	Tlajomulco de Zúñiga	416,552	15	La Barca	64,629
6	Puerto Vallarta	255,725	16	Zapotlanejo	63,636
7	Lagos de Moreno	153,855	17	Atotonilco el Alto	57,717
8	El Salto	138,226	18	Autlán de Navarro	57,559
9	Tepatitlán de Morelos	136,123	19	Ameca	57,340
10	Ciudad Guzmán	100,534	20	Encarnación de Díaz	51,395