مدينة بولونيا العمرانية

Metropolitan City of Bologna
Metropolitan City of Bologna
	Metropolitan City
	Palazzo Malvezzi in Bologna, seat of the metropolitan city.
	; Coat of arms
	; Coat of arms
	Map highlighting the location of the province of Bologna in Italy
Country	إيطاليا
Region	Emilia-Romagna
Capital(s)	Bologna
Comuni	60
الحكم
• Metropolitan Mayor	Virginio Merola
المساحة
• الإجمالية	3٬702 كم² (1٬429 ميل²)
التعداد(30 June 2017)
• الإجمالي	1 011 291
منطقة التوقيت	CET (التوقيت العالمي المنسق+1)
• الصيفي	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	40121/40141 (Bologna), 40010-40069 (other comuni)
Telephone prefix	051, 0534, 0542
تسجيل السيارة	BO
ISTAT	237
المسقط الإلكتروني	Official website

مدينة بولونيا العمرانية (بالايطالية: Città Metropolitana di Bologna) هي metropolitan city in the Emilia Romagna region, Italy. Its capital is the city of Bologna. Replacing the Province of Bologna, it was first created by the reform of local authorities (Law 142/1990) and then established by the Law 56/2014. It has been operative since January 1, 2015.

The Metropolitan City is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor (Sindaco metropolitano) and by the Metropolitan Council (Consiglio metropolitano).

التاريخ

بقايا ثقافة ڤيلانوڤا (العصر الحديدي المبكر) were discovered near Bologna by archaeologists in 1853. The city was settled by the Etruscans and named Velzna, but was later renamed Felsina. In the 6th century BCE, Felsina was known for its markets and trade. It was invaded by Galic tribe the Boii in this period and helped increase the agricultural output of the region. The Romans decided to conquer the region in around 220 BCE and were successful by the 180s BCE; upon capturing Felsina, it was renamed Bononia. After Rome fell in 476 CE and the region suffered barbarian invasions, Bononia was made a fortress.

The city was owned by Charlemagne but was given to the Holy See in 774. The Holy Roman Empire owned the city after this and it became known as Bologna, and became a commune in around 1114, although it desired independence. It joined the Lombard League in 1176 to defeat the forces of the Holy Roman Empire, and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor recognised its desire for independence and granted it some autonomy. It joined the Second Lombard League to defeat Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor in 1249. It became part of the Papal States in 1506 and later joined the Kingdom of Italy.

The University of Bologna was founded in 1088 and was in advance of its times; its speciality was Roman and canon law, and it set standards in the way it was organised and the curriculum that were followed by other universities that sprang up elsewhere in Italy.

الجغرافيا

مدينة بولونيا العمرانية هي جزء من إقليم إميليا-رومانيا in northwestern Italy. It is in the centre of the region and is bounded on the east by the مقاطعة راڤـِنا، بينما مقاطعة فـِرارا تقع إلى الشمال ومقاطعة مودِنا إلى الغرب. وإلى الجنوب توجد مدينة فلورنسا العمرانية، ومقاطعة پراتوومقاطعة پستويا، وكلهم في إقليم توسكانيا.

الإقليم العمراني هي عموماً منبسط، ويمتد من سهل پوالطميي إلى جبال الأپنين؛ أعلى نقطة في المدينة العمرانية هي قمة Corno alle Scale في بلدية Lizzano in Belvedere, التي ترتفع 1,945 متر فوق سطح البحر.

الحكم

قائمة العمد العمرانيين لبولونيا

	Metropolitan Mayor	Term start	Term end	Party
1	Virginio Merola	1 January 2015	الحالي	الحزب الديمقراطي

المراجع

^ "Demographic Balance for the year 2017 (provisional data)". Istat. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
^ "Codici delle città metropolitane al 1° gennaio 2017". www.istat.it (in الإيطالية). 23 December 2016.
^ Roy Palmer Domenico (2002). The Regions of Italy: A Reference Guide to History and Culture. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 80. ISBN .
^ Roy Palmer Domenico (2002). The Regions of Italy: A Reference Guide to History and Culture. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 81. ISBN .
^ Christopher Kleinhenz (2004). . Routledge. p. 1107. ISBN .
^ The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World (13 ed.). Times Books. 2011. p. 76. ISBN .