شهادة الفضة (الولايات المتحدة)

$5 Series 1899 silver certificate depicting Running Antelope of the Húŋkpapȟa.

The $1 silver certificate from the Hawaii overprint series.

شهادات الفضة (بالأنكليزية:Silver certificate) هي نوع من المال أصدرت بين عامي 1878 و1964 في الولايات المتحدة كجزء من تداوله من العملة الورقية ، تم إنتاجها ردا على الفضة والتحريض من قبل المواطنين الذين كانوا غاضبين من قانون العملة الرابعة التي كانت قد وضعت في الولايات المتحدة على نحوفعال من خلال معيار المضى وكانت شهادات في البداية لاسترداد قيمتها الاسمية من الفضة والدولار في وقت لاحق. ( لعام واحد - 24 يونيو1967 إلى 24 يونيوالمقبل 1968) في المضى والفضة الخام منذ 1968 أنها كانت فقط في استرداد الاحتياطي الفدرالي، وبالتالي فهي عفا عليها الزمن، ولكن العملة القانونية لا تزال صالحة.

شهادات فضية كبيرة الحجم ( 1878-1923 ) صدرت في البداية في فئات منعشرة دولارات إلى 1000 دولار $ ( وفي عام 1878 و1880 ) وعام 1886 وتمت الموافقة على اصدار فئات من $ 1، $ 2، وخمسة دولارات، وفي عام 1928 في جميع الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية الأوراق النقدية تم إعادة تصميم العملة هذه وبحجم أقل صدرت الشهادة الفضية صغيرة الحجم (1928-1964) فقط من فئة 1 دولار،خمسة دولارات، وعشرة دولارا، نوع مجموعة كاملة أدناه هوجزء من النقود في المجموعة الوطنية في المتحف الوطني للتاريخ الأمريكي في سميثسونيان.

الإصدارات

المسلسلات والتنويعات

Series and varieties of large-size silver certificates
مسلسل	Value	Features/varieties
1878 and 1880	$10 $20 $50 $100 $500 $1,000	In addition to the two engraved signatures customary on United States banknotes (the Register of the Treasury and Treasurer of the United States), the first issue of the Series 1878 notes (similar to the early Gold Certificate) included a third signature of one of the Assistant Treasurers of the United States (in New York, San Francisco, or Washington DC). Known as a countersigned or triple-signature note, this feature existed for the first run of notes issued in 1880, but was then removed from the remaining 1880 issues.
1886	$1 $2 $5 $10 $20	The Act of August 4, 1886 authorized the issue of lower denomination ($1, $2, and $5) silver certificates. Similar to the Series 1878/1880 notes, the Treasury seal characteristics (size, color, and style) varies with the change of the Treasury signatures. The series is known for the ornate engraving on the reverse of the note.
1891	$1, $2 $5, $10 $20, $50 $100 $1,000	The Bureau of Engraving and Printing introduced the process of “resizing” paper for Series 1891 notes.
1896	$1 $2 $5	The Educational Series is considered to be the most artistically designed bank notes printed by the United States.
1899	$1 $2 $5	Large-size silver certificates from the Series of 1899 forward have a blue Treasury seal and serial numbers.
1908	$10
1923	$1 $5

Large-size United States silver certificates (1878-1923)

Complete typeset of large-size United States silver certificates (1878-1923)
Value	Series	Fr.	Portrait	Signature & seal varieties
$1	1886	Fr.217	Martha Washington	215 – Rosecrans and Jordan – small red, plain 216 – Rosecrans and Hyatt – small red, plain 217 – Rosecrans and Hyatt – large red 218 – Rosecrans and Huston – large red 219 – Rosecrans and Huston – large brown 220 – Rosecrans and Nebecker – large brown 221 – Rosecrans and Nebecker – small red, scalloped
$1	1891	Fr.223	Martha Washington	222 – Rosecrans and Nebecker – small red, scalloped 223 – Tillman and Morgan – small red, scalloped
$1	1896	Fr.224	Allegory History Instructing Youth (obv); George Washington & Martha Washington (rev)	224 – Tillman and Morgan – small red, rays 225 – Bruce and Roberts – small red, rays
$1	1899	Fr.226	Abraham Lincoln & Ulysses Grant	226 – Lyons and Roberts – blue 227 – Lyons and Treat – blue 228 – Vernon and Treat – blue 229 – Vernon and McClung – blue 230 – Napier and McClung – blue 231 – Napier and Thompson – blue 232 – Parker and Burke – blue 233 – Teehee and Burke – blue 234 – Elliott and Burke – blue 235 – Elliott and White – blue 236 – Speelman and White – blue
$1	1923	Fr.239	George Washington	237 – Speelman and White – blue 238 – Woods and White – blue 239 – Woods and Tate – blue
$2	1886	Fr.242	Winfield Scott Hancock	240 – Rosecrans and Jordan – small red 241 – Rosecrans and Hyatt – small red 242 – Rosecrans and Hyatt – large red 243 – Rosecrans and Huston – large red 244 – Rosecrans and Huston – large brown
$2	1891	Fr.246	William Windom	245 – Rosecrans and Nebecker – small red 246 – Tillman and Morgan – small red
$2	1896	Fr.247	Allegory of Science Presenting Steam and Electricity to Commerce and Manufacture (obv); Robert Fulton & Samuel F.B. Morse (rev)	247 – Tillman and Morgan – small red 248 – Bruce and Roberts – small red
$2	1899	Fr.249	George Washington	249 – Lyons and Roberts – blue 250 – Lyons and Treat – blue 251 – Vernon and Treat – blue 252 – Vernon and McClung – blue 253 – Napier and McClung – blue 254 – Napier and Thompson – blue 255 – Parker and Burke – blue 256 – Teehee and Burke – blue 257 – Elliott and Burke – blue 258 – Speelman and White – blue
$5	1886	Fr.264	Ulysses Grant	259 – Rosecrans and Jordan – small red, plain 260 – Rosecrans and Hyatt – small red, plain 261 – Rosecrans and Hyatt – large red 262 – Rosecrans and Huston – large red 263 – Rosecrans and Huston – large brown 264 – Rosecrans and Nebecker – large brown 265 – Rosecrans and Nebecker – small red, scalloped
$5	1891	Fr.267	Ulysses Grant	266 – Rosecrans and Nebecker – small red, scalloped 267 – Tillman and Morgan – small red
$5	1896	Fr.270	Allegory of Electricity Presenting Light to the World (obv); Ulysses Grant & Philip Sheridan (rev)	268 – Tillman and Morgan – small red 269 – Bruce and Roberts – small red 270 – Lyons and Roberts – small red
$5	1899	Fr.271	Running Antelope	271 – Lyons and Roberts – blue 272 – Lyons and Treat – blue 273 – Vernon and Treat – blue 274 – Vernon and McClung – blue 275 – Napier and McClung – blue 276 – Napier and Thompson – blue 277 – Parker and Burke – blue 278 – Teehee and Burke – blue 279 – Elliott and Burke – blue 280 – Elliott and White – blue 281 – Speelman and White – blue
$5	1923	Fr.282	Abraham Lincoln	282 – Speelman and White – blue
$10	1878	Fr.285a*	Robert Morris	283 – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by W.G. White – large red 284 – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by J.C. Hopper – large red 284a – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by T. Hillhouse* – large red 284b – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by T. Hillhouse – large red 284c – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by R.M. Anthony* – large red 285 – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by A.U. Wyman* – large red 285a – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by A.U. Wyman – large red
$10	1880	Fr.287	Robert Morris	286 – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by T. Hillhouse – large brown with X 286a – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by A.U. Wyman – large brown with X 287 – Scofield and Gilfillan – large brown with X 288 – Bruce and Gilfillan – large brown with X 289 – Bruce and Wyman – large brown with X 290 – Bruce and Wyman – large red without X
$10	1886	Fr.291	Thomas Hendricks	291 – Rosecrans and Jordan – small red, plain 292 – Rosecrans and Hyatt – small red, plain 293 – Rosecrans and Hyatt – large red 294 – Rosecrans and Huston – large red 295 – Rosecrans and Huston – large brown 296 – Rosecrans and Nebecker – large brown 297 – Rosecrans and Nebecker – small red, scalloped
$10	1891	Fr.298	Thomas Hendricks	298 – Rosecrans and Nebecker – small red 299 – Tillman and Morgan – small red 300 – Bruce and Roberts – small red 301 – Lyons and Roberts – small red
$10	1908	Fr.302	Thomas Hendricks	302 – Vernon and Treat – blue 303 – Vernon and McClung – blue 304 – Parker and Burke – blue
$20	1878	Fr.307	Stephen Decatur	305 – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by J.C. Hopper – large red 306 – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by T. Hillhouse – large red 306a – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by R.M. Anthony – large red 306b – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by A.U. Wyman* – large red 307 – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by A.U. Wyman – large red
$20	1880	Fr.311	Stephen Decatur	308 – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by T. Hillhouse – large brown 309 – Scofield and Gilfillan – large brown 310 – Bruce and Gilfillan – large brown 311 – Bruce and Wyman – large brown 312 – Bruce and Wyman – small red
$20	1886	Fr.316	Daniel Manning	313 – Rosecrans and Hyatt – large red 314 – Rosecrans and Huston – large brown 315 – Rosecrans and Nebecker – large brown 316 – Rosecrans and Nebecker – small red
$20	1891	Fr.317	Daniel Manning	317 – Rosecrans and Nebecker – small red 318 – Tillman and Morgan – small red 319 – Bruce and Roberts – small red 320 – Lyons and Roberts – small red 321 – Parker and Burke – blue 322 – Teehee and Burke – blue
$50	1878	Fr.324	Edward Everett	323 – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by W.C. White* or J.C. Hopper* – large red 324 – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by T. Hillhouse – large red 324a – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by R.M. Anthony – large red 324b – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by A.U. Wyman* – large red 324c – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by A.U. Wyman – large red
$50	1880	Fr.327	Edward Everett	325 – Scofield and Gilfillan – large brown, rays 326 – Bruce and Gilfillan – large brown, rays 327 – Bruce and Wyman – large brown, rays 328 – Rosecrans and Huston – large brown, spikes 329 – Rosecrans and Nebecker – small red
$50	1891	Fr.331	Edward Everett	330 – Rosecrans and Nebecker – small red 331 – Tillman and Morgan – small red 332 – Bruce and Roberts – small red 333 – Lyons and Roberts – small red 334 – Vernon and Treat – small red 335 – Parker and Burke – blue
$100	1878	Fr.337b	James Monroe	336 – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by W.G. White – large red 336a – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by J.C. Hopper or T. Hillhouse – large red 337 – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by R.M. Anthony* – large red 337a – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by A.U. Wyman* – large red 337b – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by A.U. Wyman – large red
$100	1880	Fr.340	James Monroe	338– Scofield and Gilfillan – large brown, rays 339 – Bruce and Gilfillan – large brown, rays 340 – Bruce and Wyman – large brown, rays 341 – Rosecrans and Huston – large brown, spikes 342 – Rosecrans and Nebecker – small red
$100	1891	Fr.344	James Monroe	343 – Rosecrans and Nebecker – small red 344 – Tillman and Morgan – small red
$500	1878	Fr.345a	Charles Sumner	345a – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS by A.U. Wyman* – large red, rays
$500	1880	Fr.345c	Charles Sumner	345b – Scofield and Gilfillan – large brown 345c – Bruce and Gilfillan – large brown 345d – Bruce and Wyman – large brown
$1,000	1878	Fr.346a	William Marcy	346a – Scofield and Gilfillan, CS unknown – large red, rays
$1,000	1880	Fr.346d	William Marcy	346b – Scofield and Gilfillan – large brown 346c – Bruce and Gilfillan – large brown 346d – Bruce and Wyman – large brown
$1,000	1891	Fr.346e	William Marcy	346e – Tillman and Morgan – small red

Small-size United States silver certificates (1928-1957)

Complete typeset of small-size United States silver certificates (1928-1957)
Value	Series	Fr.	Portrait	Signature & seal varieties
$1	19281928 to 1928-E	Fr.1600	George Washington	1600 – Tate and Mellon (1928) – blue 1601 – Woods and Mellon (1928A) – blue 1602 – Woods and Mills (1928B) – blue 1603 – Woods and Woodin (1928C) – blue 1604 – Julian and Woodin (1928D) – blue 1605 – Julian and Morgenthau (1928E) – blue
$1	19341934	Fr.1606	George Washington	1606 – Julian and Morgenthau (1934) – blue
$1	19351935 to 1935-G	Fr.1607	George Washington	1607 – Julian and Morgenthau (1935) – blue 1608 – Julian and Morgenthau (1935A)– blue 1609 – Julian and Morgenthau (1935A) R-Exp – blue. 1610 – Julian and Morgenthau (1935A) S-Exp – blue 1611 – Julian and Vinson (1935B) – blue 1612 – Julian and Snyder (1935C) – blue 1613W – Clark and Snyder (1935D) Wide – blue 1613N – Clark and Snyder (1935D) Narrow – blue 1614 – Priest and Humphrey (1935E) – blue 1615 – Priest and Anderson (1935F) – blue 1616 – Smith and Dillon (1935G) – blue
$1	19571935-G to 1957-B	Fr.1619	George Washington	1617 – Smith and Dillon (1935G) – blue 1618 – Granahan and Dillon (1935H) – blue 1619 – Priest and Anderson (1957) – blue 1620 – Smith and Dillon (1957A) – blue 1621 – Granahan and Dillon (1957B) – blue
$5	19341934 to 1934-D	Fr.1650	Abraham Lincoln	1650 – Julian and Morgenthau (1934) – blue 1651 – Julian and Morgenthau (1934A) – blue 1652 – Julian and Vinson (1934B) – blue 1653 – Julian and Snyder (1934C) – blue 1654 – Clark and Snyder (1934D) – blue
$5	19531953 to 1953-C	Fr.1655	Abraham Lincoln	1655 – Priest and Humphrey (1953) – blue 1656 – Priest and Anderson (1953A) – blue 1657 – Smith and Dillon (1953B) – blue 1658 – Granahan and Dillon (1953C) – blue
$10	19331933 to 1933-A	Fr.1700	Alexander Hamilton	1700 – Julian and Woodin (1933) – blue 1700a – Julian and Morgenthau (1933A) – blue
$10	19341934 to 1934-D	Fr.1701	Alexander Hamilton	1701 – Julian and Morgenthau (1934) – blue 1702 – Julian and Morgenthau (1934A) – blue 1703 – Julian and Vinson (1934B) – blue 1704 – Julian and Snyder (1934C) – blue 1705 – Clark and Snyder (1934D) – blue
$10	19531953 to 1953-B	Fr.1706	Alexander Hamilton	1706 – Priest and Humphrey (1953) – blue 1707 – Priest and Anderson (1953A) – blue 1708 – Smith and Dillon (1953B) – blue
$1	1935-A1935-A	Fr.2300	George Washington	2300 – Julian and Morgenthau – brown
$1	1935-A1935-A	Fr.2306	George Washington	2306 – Julian and Morgenthau (1935A) – yellow
$5	1934-A1934-A	Fr.2307	Abraham Lincoln	2307 – Julian and Morgenthau (1934A) – yellow
$10	1934-A1934 to 1934-A	Fr.2309	Alexander Hamilton	2308 – Julian and Morgenthau (1934) – yellow 2309 – Julian and Morgenthau (1934A) – yellow

انظر أيضاً

Gold certificate
Silver standard
Silver as an investment
Representative money
Silver certificate (Cuba)

المراجع

^ Notes issued under a given Series (e.g., Series 1880, Series 1899) are, in some cases, released over a period of years, as reflected in the Friedberg number signature and seal varieties. For example, based on dates of the signature combinations, the Series 1899 $1 silver certificate was first issued with the signature combination of Lyons and Robert (in office together from 1898 to 1905) and last issued with the Speelman and White signatures (in office together from 1922 to 1927). Therefore, a Series 1899 note could have been issued as late as 1927.
^ "Fr" numbers refer to the numbering system in the widely used Friedberg reference book. Fr. numbers indicate varieties existing within a larger type design.
^ Varieties are presented by Fr. number followed by the specific differences in signature combination, seal (color, size, and style), and minor design changes, if applicable. For Series 1878 notes, an asterisk following the Assistant Treasurer’s name indicates it is hand-signed versus engraved.
^ Because small-size silver certificates are presented in ascending Friedberg number, World War II emergency issue notes (2300, 2306, 2307, and 2309) are presented out of chronological order at the end of the table.
^ Serial blocks of the 1928A and 1928B silver certificates that were lettered XB or YB were made of experimental paper, and ZB of regular paper as a control.
^ Series 1935A "Experimental" bills were stamped with either a red "R" or "S" while testing regular and synthetic papers.
^ For 1935D - narrow and wide refer to the width of design features on the reverse of the note. The wide variety is 0.0625 in (1.5875 mm) larger and has a 4-digit reverse plate number less than 5016.
^ The motto (“In God We Trust”) was added to the Series of 1935G notes midway through the issue.
^ Printed but not issued.
^ Very few Series 1933 $10 Silver Certificates were released before they were replaced by Series 1934 and most of those remaining were consigned to destruction; only a few dozen are known to collectors today.

ملاحظات

^ مصنع المال، مسقط حكومي أمريكي.[[تصنيف:منطقات ذات وصلات خارجية مكسورة from خطأ: زمن غير سليم]]^{<span title=" منذ خطأ: زمن غير سليم" style="white-space: nowrap;">[وصلة مكسورة]} Archived ثلاثة April 2014^{[Date mismatch]} at the Wayback Machine.
^ Friedberg & Friedberg, pp. 70–90 and 188–90.
^ Friedberg & Friedberg, p. 303.
^ Blake, p. 19.
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Friedberg74
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Knox, p. 155
^ Friedberg & Friedberg, pp. 6–7.
^ . United States Department of the Treasury. 1892. p. 475. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://books.google.com/books?id=DSgSAAAAYAAJ. Retrieved on 16 February 2014.
^ Friedberg & Friedberg, pp. 74–81.
^ Friedberg & Friedberg, pp. 70–90.
^ Friedberg & Friedberg, pp. 188–90.
^ Schwartz & Lindquist, p. 31.
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Friedberg187
^ Friedberg & Friedberg, p. 170.
^ Friedberg & Friedberg, p. 190.
^ Schwartz & Lindquist, p. 156.

المراجع

Agger, Eugene E. (1918). "The Denominations of the Currency". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 32 (2): 257–277. doi:10.2307/1885428. JSTOR 1885428.
Ascher, Leonard W. (1964). "The Coming Chaos in Our Coinage". Financial Analysts Journal. 20 (3): 99–102. doi:10.2469/faj.v20.n3.99. JSTOR 4469657.
Barnett, Paul (1964). "The Crime of 1873 Re-examined". Agricultural History. 38 (3): 178–181. JSTOR 3740438.
Blake, George Herbert (1908). . George H. Blake. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
Carothers, Neil (1932). "A Senate Racket". The North American Review. 233 (1): 4–15. JSTOR 25113955.
Cuhaj, George S. (2012). . Krause Publications. ISBN . Retrieved 14 February 2014.
Dillon, C. Douglas (1963). . United States Government Printing Office. pp. 400–403. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/194/item/5455.
Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (2013). (20th ed.). Coin & Currency Institute. ISBN . Retrieved 14 February 2014.
Friedman, Milton (1990). "The Crime of 1873". Journal of Political Economy. 98 (6): 1159–1194. doi:10.1086/261730. JSTOR 2937754.
Grey, George B. (2002). . Nova Science Publishers, Inc. ISBN . Retrieved 14 February 2014.
Knox, John Jay (1888). (3rd ed.). Charles Scribner’s Sons.
Leavens, Dickson H. (1939). . Principia Press, Inc. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
Lee, Alfred E. (1886). "Bimetalism in the United States". Political Science Quarterly. 1 (3): 386–399. doi:10.2307/2139359. JSTOR 2139359.
McVey, Frank L. (1902). "The Reclassification of the Paper Currency". Journal of Political Economy. 10 (3): 437–442. doi:10.1086/250857. JSTOR 1819565.
O’Leary, Paul M. (1960). "The Scene of the Crime of 1873 Revisited: A Note". Journal of Political Economy. 68 (4): 388–392. doi:10.1086/258345. JSTOR 1830011.
Schwartz, John; Lindquist, Scott (2011). . Krause Publications. ISBN . Retrieved 14 February 2014.
Taussig, F.W. (1890). "The Silver Situation in the United States". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 4 (3): 291–315. doi:10.2307/1881888. hdl:2027/uc1.$b245353. JSTOR 1881888.
Taussig, F.W. (1892). "The Silver Situation in the United States". Publication of the American Economic Association. 7 (1): 7–118. JSTOR 2485709.

للاستزادة

Hessler, Gene; Chambliss, Carlson (2006). (7 ed.). BNR Press. ISBN .
National Monetary Commission (1910). . Government Printing Office. Retrieved 14 February 2014.