قائمة الأسر، الدويلات أوالامبراطوريات التالية الناطقة بالتوركية، من أصول توركية، أوكلاهما. يوجد حالياً ستة دول سيادية هجرية معترف بها. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، هناك ستة كيانات فدرالية روسية والتي تشكل فيها اللغة التوركية الأغلبية، وثلاث تشكل فيها التوركية الأقلية، وكذلك، القرم، الأراضي المتنازع عليها بين أوكرانيا وروسيا حيث اللغات التوركية تشغل الأقلية. هناك عدد من الكونفدراليات، الأسر، والامبراطوريات التوركية على مدار التاريخ عبر القارة الأوراسية.
خريطة العالم مشروح عليها البلدان التوركية المستقة العترف بها في الحاضر مظللة بالأحمر.
كيانات معاصرة لديها لغة توركية واحدة على الأقل معترف بها كلغة رسمية
Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County في الصين
الاتحادات، الأسر والدويلات التوركية التاريخية
الاتحادات القبلية
Tiele people
Dingling
Yenisei Kirghiz
Cumans
Basmyl
Chigils
Onogurs
أشينا
Toquz Oghuz
Kipchaks
Kankalis
Yagma
أوغوز
Sabir people
Bulgars
Shatuo
Karluks
أتلات
الأسر والدويلات التوركية
الاسم
ملاحظات
السنوات
العاصمة
خريطة
الخاقانية التوركية
552–ca. 580 682–744
Ordu Baliq
الخاقانية التوركية الغربية
593–659
Suyab
الخاقانية التوركية الغربية
581–630
Ordu Baliq
Xueyantuo
628–646
Kangar union
659–750
كانت تقع في جبال أولوتاو
شاهي تورك
665–850
كابل
Türgesh
699–766
Balasagun
Kimeks
743–1220
Khagan-Kimek Imekia
الخاقانية الأويغورية
744–848
Ordu Baliq
Oghuz Yabgu State
750–1055
Yangikent
Karluk Yabgu State
756–940
Suyab later Balasagun
Kara-Khanid Khanate
840–1212
Balasagun, Kashgar، سمرقند
Gansu Uyghur Kingdom
848–1036
Zhangye
Kingdom of Qocho
856–1335
Gaochang, Beshbalik
Pechenegs
860–1091
دولة القومان
900–1220
إمارات الأناضول
القرن 11-16
الكثير مثل كرمان، سينوپ، أضنة، آلانيا، كهرمانمرعش.
أحمديليون
1122–1209
مراغة
Eldiguzids
ca.1135–1225
Nakhchivan (city) and Hamadan
Salghurids
1148–1282
محافظة فارس
الدولة العثمانية
كانت تعهد أيضاً بالامبراطورية التوركية، هجريا العثمانية أوهجريا، كانت امبراطورية تأسست عام 1299 على يد تورك الأوغوز تحت قيادة عثمان الأول في شمال غرب الأناضول
The Khazars were a semi-nomadic Turkic people, who created what for its duration was the most powerful polity to emerge from the break-up of the Western Turkic Kaganate.
كان الطولونيون أسرة من أصل توركي and were the first independent dynasty to rule Islamic Egypt, as well as much of Syria.
868–905
القطائع
الأسرة الإخشيدية
أسسها مملوك توركي ، كان الخليفة قد عينه حاكماً.
935–969
الدولة البورية
1104–1154
دمشق
زنكيون
أسرة من أصل توركي أوغوزي.
1127–1250
حلب
بن رسول
1228–1455
المماليك البحرية
كان النصف الأول من سلطنة المماليك مهيمن عليها الأسرة البحرية التوركية الكيپتشاكية، بعد غزوالمنغول لسهول كيپتشاك.
1250–1389
القاهرة
بنوعساف
سيطروعلى المنطقة الواقعة بين بيروت وجبل لبنان
1306–1591
غزير
منطقة المغرب العربي
الاسم
ملاحظات
السنوات
العاصمة
خريطة
الأسرة القرمانلية
The Karamanli dynasty was an independent or quasi-independent, who ruled from 1711 to 1835 in Tripolitania (Tripoli and its surroundings in present-day Libya). At their peak, the Karamanlis' influence reached Cyrenaica and Fezzan, covering most of Libya. The founder of the dynasty was Pasha Ahmed Karamanli, a descendant of the Karamanids.
1711–1835
طرابلس
شبه القارة الهندية
الاسم
ملاحظات
السنوات
العاصمة
خريطة
الأسرة المملوكية
1206–1290
دلهي
Qarlughid Dynasty
1224–1266
Ghazna, Binban
Khalji Dynasty
1290–1320
دلهي
Tughlaq Dynasty
1320–1414
دلهي
Ilyas Shahi dynasty
1342–1487
Sonargaon
Bahmani Sultanate
1347–1527
Gulbarga (1347–1425) Bidar (1425–1527)
سلطنة البنغال
1342–1538
1555–1576
Gaur Pandua Sonargaon
Malwa Sultanate
1392–1562
Dhar وماندو
Bidar Sultanate
1489–1619
Adil Shahi dynasty
1490–1686
Bijapur
Qutb Shahi Dynasty
1518–1687
Golconda / حيدر أباد
امبراطورية المغل
Founded by Turco-Mongol ruler Babur, adopted the Persian language in later periods.
The Later Jin founder, Shi Jingtang, claimed patrilineal Han Chinese ancestry.
936–947
Taiyuan 936, Luoyang 937, Kaifeng 937–947
هان اللاحقة
Sources conflict as to the origin of the Later Han and Northern Han Emperors; some indicate Shatuo ancestry while another claims that the Emperors claimed patrilineal Han Chinese ancestry.
947–951
Kaifeng
هان الشمالية
Same family as Later Han. Sources conflict as to the origin of the Later Han and Northern Han Emperors; some indicate Shatuo ancestry while another claims that the Emperors claimed patrilineal Han Chinese ancestry.
951–979
Taiyuan
الدويلات التوركية الفارسية
الموضوعة الرئيسية: التقليد الفارسي التوركي
الموضوعة الرئيسية: المجتمع الفارسي
الاسم
السنوات
العاصمة
خريطة
Ghaznavid Empire
Ruled by a thoroughly Persianized family of Turkic mamluk origin
962–1186
Ghazna 977–1163, Lahore 1163–1186
الامبراطورية السلجوقية
Ruled by a clan of originally Oghuz Turkic descent.
1037–1194
Nishapur 1037–1043, Rey, Iran 1043–1051, اصفطهان 1051–1118, Hamadan Western capital 1118–1194, Merv Eastern capital (1118–1153)
Kara Koyunlu was an Oghuz Turkic tribal federation.
1375–1468
تبريز
Aq Qoyunlu
Aq Qoyunlu was an tribal federation from Bayandur clan of the Oghuz Turks
1378–1501
ديار بكر 1453–1471، تبريز 1468 –ستة يناير 1478
الدويلات المنغولية-التوركية
الاسم
السنوات
العاصمة
ملاحظات
خريطة
خانية Merkit
القرن 11–1200
Scholars traditionally believe that they were the Turkic people
Kerait khanate
القرن 11-13
Ongud
1162–1227
Olon Süme
Were a Turkic tribe
later mongolzied whit in Ongut-Mongol marriage alliance and Mongol empire.
Naiman Khanate
−1204
Chagatai Khanate
1225–ع. 1340
Almaliq, Qarshi
القبيل المضىي
ع. 1240–1502
Sarai Batu
Founded as an appanage of the Mongol Empire, the Golden Horde gradually became Turkicized after the Empire's fragmentation
الامبراطورية التيمورية
1370–1506
سمرقند 1370–1505، هرات 1505–1507
Belonging to Barlas were a Mongol and later Turkicized nomadic confederation in Central Asia.
Shaybanid Khanate
1428–1599
Kazan Khanate
1438–1552
Kazan
خانية القرم
1441–1783
Bakhchisaray
Nogai Khanate
1440s–1634
Saray-Jük
خانية القزخ
1456–1847
Turkistan
موغليستان
1462–1591
القبيل العظيم
1466–1502
ساراي
خانية أستراخان
1466–1556
Xacitarxan
خانية صربيا
1490–1598
Tyumen حتى 1493، Qashliq من 1493
خانية بخارى
1500–1785
بخارى
خانية خيڤا
Yadigarids: 1511–1804 Qungrats 1804–1920
خيڤا
Yarkent Khanate
1514–1705
Yarkent
Arghun dynasty
1520–1554
Bukkur
Lesser Nogai Horde
1449 or 1557–1783
Voli Sarai
Budzhak Horde
17th century–18th century
Khanate of Kokand
1709–1876
Kokand
إمارة بخارى
1785–1920
بخارى
الخانيات التابعة
الاسم
ملاحظات
السنوات
العاصمة
خريطة
خانية قاسم
دويلة منغورية-توركية
1452–1681
قاسميوڤ
Kumul Khanate
دويلة منغورية-توركية
1696–1930
Hami City
خانيات أذربيجان الإيرانية
The Khanates were mostly ruled of Azerbaijanis origin.
القرن 18-19
مختلفة كثيرة
خانيات شمال القوقاز
The Khanates were mostly ruled of Azerbaijanis origin.
القرن 18-19
مختلفة كثيرة
حكومات مقاطعات وجمهوريات سابقة
الاسم
ملاحظات
السنوات
خريطة
العاصمة
Provisional Government of Western Thrace later Independent Government of Western Thrace
Republic of Western Thrace was a small, short-lived partially recognized republic established in Western Thrace from August 31 to October 25, 1913. It encompassed the area surrounded by the rivers Maritsa (Evros) in the east, Mesta (Nestos) in the west, the Rhodope Mountains in the north and the Aegean Sea in the south. Its total territory was c. 8.600 km².
1913
Komotini
Crimean People's Republic
1917–1918
Bakhchysarai
Idel-Ural State
1917–1918
Alash Autonomy
A provisional autonomous Kazakh-Kyrgyz administration. Later integrated into Soviet Union under Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic umbrella.
1917–1920
Semey
Republic of Aras
1918–1919
Nakhchivan (city)
Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus
1918–1919
Kars
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
1918–1920
Ganja, Azerbaijan until Sep 1918, Baku
Government of the Grand National Assembly
A provisional and revolutionary Turkish government based in Ankara during the Turkish War of Independence.
1920–1923
Ankara
People's Republic of Tannu Tuva
1921–1944
Kyzyl
First East Turkestan Republic
First East Turkestan Republic was a short-lived breakaway would-be Islamic republic founded in 1933. It was centered on the city of Kashgar in what is today the People's Republic of China-administered Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
1933–1934
Kashgar
Republic of Hatay
Also known informally as the Republic of Hatay as Hatay State.
1938–1939
Antakya
East Turkistan Republic
1944–1949
Ghulja
Azerbaijan People's Government
Established in Iranian Azerbaijan, the APG's capital was the city of Tabriz. Its establishment and demise were a part of the Iran crisis, which was a precursor to the Cold War.
1945–1946
Tabriz
Turkish Cypriot General Committee
1963–1967
نيقوسيا
Provisional Cypriot Turkish Administration
1967–1974
نيقوسيا
Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration
1974–1975
نيقوسيا
Turkish Federated State of Cyprus
1975–1983
نيقوسيا
الجمهوريات السوڤيتية
الاسم
ملاحظات
السنوات
خريطة
العاصمة
ملف:Flag of Khiva 1920-1923.svg Khorezm People's Soviet Republic
^Veronika Veit, ed. (2007). . Volume 152 of Asiatische Forschungen (illustrated ed.). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 61. ISBN . Retrieved 8 February 2012.
^Michael Robert Drompp (2005). . Volume 13 of Brill's Inner Asian library (illustrated ed.). BRILL. p. 126. ISBN . Retrieved 8 February 2012.
^The Yenisei Kirghiz Khagans claimed to be of agnatic Chinese descent from Li Ling
^Encyclopedia of European peoples, Vol.1, Ed. Carl Waldman, Catherine Mason, (Infobase Publishing Inc., 2006), 475; "The Kipchaks were a loose tribal confederation of Turkics...".
^Vásáry, István, Cumans and Tatars: Oriental military in the pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365, (Cambridge University Press, 2005), 6; "..two Turkic confederacies, the Kipchaks and the Cumans, had merged by the twelfth century.".
^[1]
^Sneath 2007, p. 25.
^Peter Sarris (2011). Empires of Faith: The Fall of Rome to the Rise of Islam, 500–700. p. 308.
^ The Emergence of Muslim Rule in India: Some Historical Disconnects and Missing Links, Tanvir Anjum, Islamic Studies, Vol. 46, No. 2 (Summer 2007), 233.
^Abulafia, David (2011). The Mediterranean in History. p. 170.
^Haag, Michael (2012). The Tragedy of the Templars: The Rise and Fall of the Crusader States.
^Bacharach, Jere L. (2006). Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K, index. p. 382.
^C.E. Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties, (Columbia University Press, 1996), 62.
^C.E. Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties, (Columbia University Press, 1996), 191.
^Marshall Cavendish (2006). . p. 1213.
^Thackston 1996
^Findley 2005
^Saunders 1970, p.177
^"The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Tamarind Empire)". Ucalgary.ca. Archived from the original on 2009-08-16. Retrieved 2011-07-06. ; "The Islamic World to 1600: Rise of the Great Islamic Empires (The Mughal Empire)". Ucalgary.ca. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
^, ch. 75. Considering the father was originally called Nieliji without a surname, the fact that his patrilineal ancestors all had Chinese names here indicates that these names were probably all created posthumously after Shi Jingtang became a "Chinese" emperor. Shi Jingtang actually claimed to be a descendant of Chinese historical figures Shi Que and Shi Fen, and insisted that his ancestors went westwards towards non-Han Chinese area during the political chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty in the early 3rd century.
^ According to Old History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 99, and New History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 10. Liu Zhiyuan was of Shatuo origin. According to Wudai Huiyao, vol. 1 Liu Zhiyuan's great-great-grandfather Liu Tuan (劉湍) (titled as Emperor Mingyuan posthumously, granted the temple name of Wenzu) descended from Liu Bing (劉昞), Prince of Huaiyang, a son of Emperor Ming of Han
^ M.A. Amir-Moezzi, "Shahrbanu", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK Archived 2007-03-11 at the Wayback Machine.): "... here one might bear in mind that non-Persian dynasties such as the Ghaznavids, Saljuqs and Ilkhanids were rapidly to adopt the Persian language and have their origins traced back to the ancient kings of Persia rather than to Turkish heroes or Muslim saints ..."
^Muhammad Qāsim Hindū Šāh Astarābādī Firištah, "History Of The Mohamedan Power In India", Chapter I, "Sultān Mahmūd-e Ghaznavī", p.27: "... "Sabuktegin, the son of Jūkān, the son of Kuzil-Hukum, the son of Kuzil-Arslan, the son of Fīrūz, the son of Yezdijird, king of Persia. ..."
^Jonathan Dewald, "Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World", Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004, p. 24
^K.A. Luther, "Alp Arslān" in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK): "... Saljuq activity must always be viewed both in terms of the wishes of the sultan and his Khorasanian, Sunni advisors, especially Nezām-al-molk ..."
^Encyclopædia Britannica, "Seljuq", Online Edition, (LINK): "... Because the Turkish Seljuqs had no Islamic tradition or strong literary heritage of their own, they adopted the cultural language of their Persian instructors in Islam. Literary Persian thus spread to the whole of Iran, and the Arabic language disappeared in that country except in works of religious scholarship ..."
^O.Özgündenli, "Persian Manuscripts in Ottoman and Modern Turkish Libraries", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK Archived 2012-01-22 at the Wayback Machine.)
^1.Bernard Lewis, Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire, 29; "Even when the land of Rum became politically independent, it remained a colonial extension of Turco-Persian culture which had its centers in Iran and Central Asia","The literature of Seljuk Anatolia was almost entirely in Persian...".
^M. Ismail Marcinkowski, Persian Historiography and Geography: Bertold Spuler on Major Works Produced in Iran, the Caucasus, Central Asia, India and Early Ottoman Turkey, with a foreword by Professor Clifford Edmund Bosworth, member of the British Academy, Singapore: Pustaka Nasional, 2003, ISBN 9971-77-488-7.
^C.E. Bosworth and R. Bulliet, The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual , Columbia University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-231-10714-5, p. 275.
^They were always counted as a part of the Mongols within the Mongol Empire, however, scholars traditionally believe that they were the Turkic people, see also: Christopher P. Atwood – Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire ISBN 9780816046713, Facts on File, Inc. 2004.
^Soucek, Svat (2000). (in English). Cambridge University Press. p. 104. ISBN . Retrieved 2008-10-01.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^René Grousset (1953). The Rise and Splendour of the Chinese Empire. University of California Press. p. 244.
^Lev Nikolaevich Gumilev (1987). Searches for an Imaginary Kingdom: The Legend of the Kingdom of Prester John. Cambridge University Press. p. 94.
^Kenneth Pletcher (2010). The History of China. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 181.
^Compiled after Y. Bregel, ed. (1999), Firdaws al-iqbal; History of Khorezm. Leiden: Brill.
^"Panayotis D. Cangelaris – The Western Thrace Autonomous Government "Muhtariyet" Issue (1913) Philatelic Exhibit". Cangelaris.com. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
^ [2] KIBRIS'TA ESKİ YÖNETİMLER
قراءات إضافية
Finkel, Caroline, "Osman's Dream, History of the Ottoman Empire 1300–1923", 2005, John Murray ISBN 0-465-02396-7
Findley, C.V., The Turks in World History, 2005, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517726-6
Forbes Manz, B., The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane, 2002, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-63384-2
Hupchick, D.P., The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism, 2002, Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1-4039-6417-3
Lewis, Bernard. "Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire", 1963, University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1060-0.
Saunders, J.J., The History of the Mongol Conquests, 2001, Routledge & Kegan Ltd. ISBN 978-0-8122-1766-7
Thackston, W.M., The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor, 2002, Modern Library. ISBN 978-0-375-76137-9
Vásáry, I., Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365, 2005, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83756-9
Veronika Veit, ed. (2007). . Volume 152 of Asiatische Forschungen (illustrated ed.). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN . Retrieved 8 February 2012.
تاريخ النشر:
2020-06-06 07:22:25
التصنيفات:
CS1: long volume value, CS1 errors: deprecated parameters, Webarchive template wayback links, CS1 maint: unrecognized language, All articles with unsourced statements, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2013, Articles with invalid date parameter in template, دويلات توركية تاريخية, أسر توركية, دويلات توركية, حكام تورك, قوائم البلدان السابقة