| | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1870

سنة 1870 (MDCCCLXX) كانت سنة بسيطة تبدأ يوم السبت (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1870 بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 870 في الألفية 2، السنة 70 في القرن 19، والسنة 1st في عقد 1870 بين 1583 و1929 ومع فارق 1870 is 12 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929.

أحداث

يناير-مارس

• 1 يناير
  • The first edition of The Northern Echo newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England.
  • اكتمال التصميم لـجسر بروكلن.
• January ثلاثة – Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge begins.
• Januaryستة – The Musikverein, Vienna, is inaugurated in Austria-Hungary.
• Januaryعشرة – John D. Rockefeller incorporates Standard Oil.
• January 15 – A political cartoon for the first time symbolizes the United States Democratic Party with a donkey (A Live Jackass Kicking a Dead Lion by Thomas Nast for Harper's Weekly).
• January 20 – vanishes at sea, with all 177 aboard.
• January 23 – Marias Massacre: U.S soldiers attack a peaceful camp of Piegan Blackfeet Indians, led by chief Heavy Runner.
• January 26 – Reconstruction Era (United States): Virginia rejoins the Union.
• February – Denis Vrain-Lucas is sentenced to 2 years in prison, for multiple forgery, in Paris.
• February 1 – Goodna State School in Goodna, Queensland, Australia is founded.
• February 2 – It is revealed that the famed Cardiff Giant in the U.S. is just carved gypsum, and not the petrified remains of a human.
• February ثلاثة – The 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution, guaranteeing African-Americans the right to vote, is passed.
• Februaryتسعة – The U.S. Army Weather Bureau (within the Army Signal Corps) is created.
• 10 فبراير
  • Anaheim, California is incorporated.
  • The YWCA is founded in New York City.
• February 12 – Women's suffrage]: Women gain the right to vote in Utah Territory.
• February 23 – Military control of Mississippi ends, and it is readmitted to the Union.
• February 25 – Hiram Rhodes Revels, a Republican from Mississippi, is sworn into the United States Senate, becoming the first African American ever to sit in the U.S. Congress.
• February 26 – In New York City, the first pneumatic subway is opened, Beach Pneumatic Transit.
• February 26 – The German Commerzbank is founded in Hamburg.
• February 27 – The circle of the sun flag of Japan is adopted as the national flag for Japanese merchant ships, by proclamation of the Daijō-kan.
• February 28 – The Bulgarian Exarchate is established, by decree of Sultan Abdülaziz of the Ottoman Empire.
• March – The Mitsubishi Company is established in Japan as a shipping firm, by Iwasaki Yatarō with Thomas Blake Glover.
• March 1 – Battle of Cerro Corá, Paraguay: Marshal Francisco Solano López's last troops are cornered by those of the Triple Alliance. López refuses to surrender and is killed, ending the Paraguayan War.
• March أربعة – Red River Rebellion: Thomas Scott is executed by Louis Riel's provisional government, in modern-day Manitoba, Canada.
• Marchخمسة – The first ever international Association football match, England v Scotland, takes place under the auspices of the Football Association at The Oval, London.
• Marchعشرة – The Deutsche Bank is founded in Berlin.
• March 19 – The Ohio Legislature passes the Cannon Act, thereby establishing the Ohio Agriculture and Mechanical College, later Ohio State University.
• March 24 – Syracuse University is established and officially opens.
• March 30
  • The 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution, giving blacks the right to vote, is ratified.
  • Reconstruction: Texas is readmitted to the Union.
• March 31 – Thomas Mundy Peterson is the first African-American to vote in an election.

April–June

• April 27 – Antonio Guzmán Blanco begins his first term as President of Venezuela.
• April 29 – The Chicago Base Ball Club, later to be known as the Chicago White Stockings and ultimately the Chicago Cubs, play their first game against the St. Louis Unions of the National Association of Base Ball Players, an amateur league.
• May 12
  • The Canadian province of Manitoba is created, in response to Louis Riel's Red River Rebellion.
  • The Port Adelaide Football Club is founded. The club plays its first match of Australian rules football at Buck's Flat, Glanville Estate, South Australia on May 24.
• May 14 – The first rugby match is played in New Zealand, between the Nelson Football Club and Nelson College.
• May 20 – Charles Craufurd Hay becomes acting Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, and High Commissioner for Southern Africa.
• Juneتسعة – English novelist Charles Dickens dies at Gads Hill Place in Kent, leaving his last book, The Mystery of Edwin Drood, unfinished.
• June 22
  • The office of the Solicitor General of the United States is set up, to supervise and conduct government litigation in the United States Supreme Court.
  • The U.S. Congress creates the United States Department of Justice.
• June 26
  • Christmas is declared a federal holiday in the United States.
  • Richard Wagner's opera Die Walküre is first performed at Munich's National Theatre.

July–September

• July 13 – The Ems Dispatch serves as a reason for a war between Prussia and France.
• July 15
  • Reconstruction Era: Georgia becomes the last former Confederate state to be readmitted to the Union.
  • The British government admits the former Hudson's Bay Company territory of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory to the Dominion of Canada.
• July 18 – Pastor aeternus: Pope Pius IX declares papal infallibility, in matters of faith and morals.
• July 19 – Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
• July 30 – The Klipdrift Republic is proclaimed in South Africa by diamond miners, with Stafford Parker as President.
• August 2 – The Tower Subway beneath the River Thames in London, the world's first underground passenger "tube" railway, officially opens. Although this lasts as a railway operation only until November, it demonstrates the technologically successful first use of the cylindrical wrought iron tunnelling shield, devised by Peter W. Barlow and James Henry Greathead, and of a permanent tunnel lining of cast iron segments.
• Augustثمانية – The Republic of Ploiești, an uprising against Domnitor Carol of Romania, fails.
• August 24 – The Red River Rebellion, ends with the arrival of the Wolseley Expedition, and the fleeing of Louis Riel.
• September 2 – Franco-Prussian War – Battle of Sedan: Prussian forces defeat the French armies, and take Emperor Napoleon III and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner at Sedan.
• September أربعة – Emperor Napoleon III of France is deposed, and the Third Republic is declared. Empress Eugénie flees to England with her children.
• Septemberستة – Louisa Ann Swain of Laramie, Wyoming, becomes the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally since 1807.
• September 18 – Old Faithful Geyser is observed and named by Henry D. Washburn, during the Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition to Yellowstone.
• September 19 – Franco-Prussian War: The Siege of Paris begins.
• September 20 – With Bersaglieri soldiers entering Rome at Porta Pia, the unification of Italy is completed, ending the last remnant of the Papal States and the Papal temporal power.

October–December

• October 2 – A plebiscite held in Rome supports, by 133,681 votes to 1,507, the annexation of the city by Italy.
• Octoberستة – Rome becomes the capital of unified Italy.
• Octoberثمانية – Léon Gambetta escapes the besieged Paris in a hot-air balloon.
• October 20 – The First Vatican Council adjourns.
• October 27 – Franco-Prussian War – Siege of Metz: Marshal François Achille Bazaine, commanding the French left wing, is forced by starvation to surrender the fortifications of Metz.
• November 1 – In the United States, the newly created Weather Bureau (later renamed the National Weather Service) makes its first official meteorological forecast: "High winds at Chicago and Milwaukee... and along the Lakes".
• November 12 – German company Dresdner Bank is founded.
• November 16 – The Spanish Cortes Generales proclaims Amadeo de Saboya, as King Amadeus I of Spain.
• December 30 – Juan Prim, prime minister of Spain, is assassinated.
• December 31
  • Sir Henry Barkly is appointed Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, and High Commissioner for Southern Africa.
  • The 12.8-km Fréjus Rail Tunnel through the Alps is completed.

تاريخ غير معروف

• حظر وأد الأطفال في الهند.
• Just one of the 916 members of the Indian Civil Service is Indian.
• الين الياباني يحل محل عملة توكوگاوا.
• David Kenyon invents the fireman's pole in Chicago.
• Graeter's ice cream is originated in سنسناتي.

مواليد

يناير-يونيو

• January 1 – Hermann Theodor Simon, German physicist (d. 1918)
• January 2 – Ernst Barlach, German sculptor, graphic artist and poet (d. 1938)
• Januaryستة – Gustav Bauer, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1944)
• January 8
  • Walter Edwards, American film director (d. 1920)
  • Miguel Primo de Rivera, dictator of Spain (d. 1930)
• January 11 – Alexander Stirling Calder, American sculptor (d. 1945)
• January 20 – Ajahn Mun Bhuridatta, Thai Buddhist monk (d. 1949)
• January 22 – John B. Sheridan, Irish American sports journalist (d. 1930)
• January 23 – William G. Morgan, American inventor of volleyball (d. 1942)
• Februaryسبعة – Alfred Adler, Austrian psychologist (d. 1937)
• February 12
  • Marie Lloyd, English singer (d. 1922)
  • Hugo Stinnes, German industrialist, politician (d. 1924)
• February 20 – Jay Johnson Morrow, American military engineer, politician, 3rd Governor of the Panama Canal Zone (d. 1937)
• February 25 – Jelica Belović-Bernardzikowska, Croatian writer (d. 1946)
• March أربعة – Thomas Sturge Moore, English poet, author and artist (d. 1944)
• Marchخمسة – Frank Norris, American writer (d. 1902)
• March 13 – Seale Harris, American physician (d. 1957)
• March 17 – Horace Donisthorpe, English entomologist (d. 1951)
• March 20 – Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, German general (d. 1964)
• March 31 – James M. Cox, Democratic candidate for President of the United States in the election of 1920 (d. 1957)
• April 1 – Hamaguchi Osachi, 27th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1931)
• April ثلاثة – Agda Östlund, Swedish politician (d. 1942)
• April 4
  • Curtis Hidden Page, New Hampshire politician, educator (d. 1946)
  • George Albert Smith, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1951)
• Aprilسبعة – Anna Lindhagen, Swedish politician (d. 1941)
• April 17 – Ray Stannard Baker, American journalist, author (d. 1946)
• April 22 – Vladimir Lenin, Russian revolutionary, first Premier of the Soviet Union (d. 1924)
• April 21 – Edwin S. Porter, American film director (d. 1941)
• April 30 – Franz Lehár, Austrian composer (d. 1948)
• May أربعة – Antonius van den Broek, Dutch physicist (d. 1926)
• Mayتسعة – Harry Vardon, English golf professional (d. 1937)
• May 19 – Albert Fish, American serial killer (d. 1936)
• May 24
  • Benjamin N. Cardozo, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1938)
  • Jan Smuts, South African soldier, statesman (d. 1950)
• May 27 – Anna Stecksén, Swedish scientist, physician and pathologist (d. 1904)
• June 13 – Jules Bordet, Belgian immunologist, microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1961)
• June 20 – Georges Dufrénoy, French post-impressionnist painter (d. 1943)

يوليو-ديسمبر

• July ثلاثة – Richard Bedford Bennett, eleventh Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1947)
• Julyتسعة – Mathew Beard, American supercentenarian (d. 1985)
• July 12 – Louis II, Prince of Monaco (d. 1949)
• July 16 – Lambert McKenna, Irish scholar (d. 1956)
• July 25 – Maxfield Parrish, American illustrator (d. 1966)
• July 27 – Hilaire Belloc, French/English man of letters (d. 1953)
• July 29 – George Dixon, Canadian boxer (d. 1909)
• August ثلاثة – Carrie Ingalls, younger sister of author Laura Ingalls Wilder (d. 1946)
• August أربعة – Harry Lauder, Scottish entertainer (d. 1950)
• Augustعشرة – Hans Zenker, German admiral (d. 1932)
• August 11 – Tom Richardson, English cricketer (d. 1912)
• August 12 – Hubert Gough, British general (d. 1963)
• August 14 – Nelson McDowell, American actor (d. 1947)
• August 20 – Edward Stanley Kellogg, 16th Governor of American Samoa (d. 1948)
• August 22 – Bertram Fletcher Robinson, English journalist, editor and author (d. 1907)
• August 31 – Maria Montessori, Italian educator (d. 1952)
• September 1 – Leopold Wharton, American film director (d. 1927)
• September 2 – James Bert Garner, American chemical engineer, inventor (d. 1960)
• September 24 – Georges Claude, French engineer, inventor (d. 1960)
• September 25 – James A. Hawken, American schoolteacher (d. 1964)
• September 26 – King Christian X of Denmark (d. 1947)
• September 30
  • Jean Baptiste Perrin, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1942)
  • Thomas W. Lamont, American banker (d. 1948)
• October 2 – Horace Hood, British admiral (d. 1916)
• October أربعة – Karl Renner, 1st Chancellor of Austria (d. 1950)
• Octoberعشرة – Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1953)
• 16 اكتوبر - الشاعر المصري أحمد شوقي. (توفي 1932 م).
• October 18 – D. T. Suzuki, Japanese philosopher (d. 1966)
• October 22 – Johan Ludwig Mowinckel, Norwegian businessman, Prime Minister of Norway (d. 1943)
• October 30 – Lawrence Grant, English actor (d. 1952)
• November 2 – Joseph "Sport" Sullivan, American gambler (d. 1949)
• November 17 – Jean Prévost, Canadian politician (d. 1915)
• November 21 – Sigfrid Edström, Swedish sports official (d. 1964)
• November 27 – Juho Kusti Paasikivi, Prime Minister and President of Finland (d. 1956)
• November 28 – Gustavus M. Blech, German-American physician, surgeon (d. 1949)
• November 29 – Trixie Friganza, American actress (d. 1955)
• Decemberخمسة – Vítězslav Novák, Czech composer (d. 1949)
• Decemberعشرة – Mary Bonaparte, pretender to the French imperial throne (d. 1947)
• December 12 – Walter Benona Sharp, American oil pioneer (d. 1912)
• December 14
  • Dirk Jan de Geer, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1960)
  • Karl Renner, 4th President of Austria (d. 1950)
• December 18 – Saki, English writer (k. 1916)

مجهولة التاريخ

• Hulburd Steel, New York City marine artist

وفيات

يناير-يونيو

• January 25 – Victor de Broglie, Prime Minister of France (و. 1785)
• January 29 – Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (و. 1797)
• Februaryسبعة – Sylvain Salnave, Haitian general, 9th President of Haiti (و. 1827)
• February 11 – Carlos Soublette, 2-time President of Venezuela (و. 1789)
• February 19 – Nathaniel de Rothschild, French wine grower (و. 1812)
• March 1 – Francisco Solano López, 2nd President of Paraguay (killed in action) (و. 1827)
• March أربعة – Thomas Scott, Canadian Orangeman, surveyor of the Red River Rebellion (shot by Louis Riel and the Métis) (و. c. 1842)
• March 11 – Moshoeshoe I of Lesotho (و. 1786?)
• March 28 – George Henry Thomas, American general (و. 1816)
• April 16 – Domnița Rallou Caragea, Greek princess, independence activist (و. 1799)
• Mayستة – Sir James Young Simpson, Scottish physician, researcher (و. 1811)
• Juneستة – Ferdinand von Wrangel, Baltic-German explorer (و. 1796/1797)
• Juneسبعة – Friedrich Hohe, German lithographer, painter (و. 1802)
• Juneتسعة – Charles Dickens, British novelist (و. 1812)
• June 20 – Jules de Goncourt, French writer, publisher (و. 1830)
• June 24 – Adam Lindsay Gordon, Australian poet (و. 1833)

يوليو-ديسمبر

• Julyعشرة – Pelaghia Roșu, Romanian heroine (و. 1800)
• August 14 – David Farragut, American admiral (و. 1801)
• August 17 – Pedro Figueredo, Cuban poet, musician and freedom fighter (و. 1818)
• September أربعة – Juan Javier Espinosa, 9th President of Ecuador (و. 1815)
• September 12 – Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American author, explorer (و. 1836)
• September 23 – Prosper Mérimée, French writer (و. 1803)
• September 27 – William F. Packer, American politician (و. 1807)
• October 12
  • Stephen Greenleaf Bulfinch, American minister, hymn writer (و. 1809)
  • Robert E. Lee, Confederate general (و. 1807)
• November ثلاثة – Diego Noboa, 4th President of Ecuador (و. 1789)
• November 23 – Giuseppina Bozzacchi, Milanese-born ballerina (و. 1853) (result of deprivation during Siege of Paris)
• November 24 – Comte de Lautréamont, French poet, writer (و. 1846)
• November 26 – Franz Graf von Wimpffen, Austrian general and admiral (و. 1797)
• November 28 – Frédéric Bazille, French painter (و. 1841)
• Decemberخمسة – Alexandre Dumas, père, French author (و. 1802)
• Decemberتسعة – Patrick MacDowell, Northern Irish sculptor (و. 1799)
• December 27 – Juan Prim, Spanish general and prime minister (assassinated) (و. 1814)

References

وصلات خارجية

• "1870". Timeline. USA: Digital Public Library of America.

ru-sib:1870