Ferdinand IV of Castile (6 December 1285 –سبعة September 1312) called the Summoned (el Emplazado), was a King of Castile and León from 1295 until his death.

During his minority, his upbringing and the custody of his person were entrusted to his mother, Queen María de Molina, while his tutorship was entrusted to the Infante Henry of Castile the Senator, son of King Fernando III of Castile. At that time, and also for the rest of his reign, his mother tried to placate the nobility, confronted her son's enemies, and repeatedly prevented Ferdinand IV from being dethroned.

He had to face the insubordination of the nobility, led at numerous times by his uncle, the Infante John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos and by Juan Núñez II de Lara, who were supported in some occasions by Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena and grandson of the King Ferdinand III.

Like his predecessors on the throne, Ferdinand IV continued the Reconquista and, although he failed to conquer Algeciras in 1309, he captured the city of Gibraltar that same year, and in 1312 the city of Alcaudete was also conquered. During the Cortes of Valladolid of 1312, he promoted the reform of the administration of justice, and that of all areas of administration, while attempting to strengthen the royal authority to the detriment of the nobility. He died in Jaén onسبعة September 1312 aged 26, and his mortal remains are now in the Royal Collegiate Church of Saint Hippolytus.

حياته

طفولتهInfancy (1285–1295)

حكه (1295–1312)

تحت الوصاية (1295–1301)

معاهدة ألكانييسس (1297)

In 1296 the Dowager Queen María de Molina had threatened the Portuguese monarch with breaking the agreements of the previous year if his attacks on the Castilian territory persisted, before which King Denis of Portugal agreed to return with his troops to his domains.

الحكم الشخصي (1301–1312)

معاهدة توريلاس (1304)

One of the most important events of the reign of Ferdinand IV once reached his majority, was the agreement of borders established with James II of Aragon in 1304, and known in history as the Treaty of Torrellas —called a sentencia arbitral, "sentence by arbitration," in Castilian—. With the agreement also tried to put an end to the claims of Alfonso de la Cerda, pretender to the Castilian-Leonese throne.

معاهدة إلچى (1305)

In order to solve the inconveniences derived from the distribution of the Murcia territory, and to other minor questions, was agreed a meeting between Ferdinand IV and James II of Aragon in the Monastery of Santa María de Huerta, located in the Province of Soria.

النزاعات على أملاك لوردية بيسكاي (1305–1307)

In 1305 Diego López V de Haro was called to appear in the Cortes of Medina del Campo, although he didn't come but after being summoned several times, to respond to the demands of his niece María I Díaz de Haro, who claimed, using the influence of her husband John of Castile, the possession of the Lordship of Biscay.

Treaty of Alcalá de Henares (1308)

The conquest of Gibraltar and the siege of Algeciras (1309)

In the campaign participated John of Castile, Juan Manuel of Villena, Diego López V de Haro, Juan Núñez II de Lara, Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, Fernán Ruiz de Saldaña, and other Castilian magnates and ricoshombres. Also took part in the enterprise the councilary militias of Salamanca, Segovia, Seville and other cities. For its part, King Denis of Portugal, father-in-law of Ferdinand IV, sent a contingent of 700 knights under the command of Martín Gil de Sousa, and James II of Aragon contributed to the expedition against Algeciras withعشرة galleys. Pope Clement V, by the bull "Prioribus, decanis" issued on 29 April 1309 in the city of Avignon, granted Ferdinand IV a tenth of all the ecclesiastical revenues of his Kingdoms for three years, in order to contribute to the maintenance of the war against the Kingdom of Granada.

Concord of Palencia and meeting of Calatayud (1311–1312)

روايات متباينة لوفاة الملك

Ferdinand IV died onسبعة September 1312 in the city of Jaén, without anyone seeing him die. History and legend have intertwined indissolubly in what concerns the death of the monarch, who received at his death the nickname of "the Summoned", because of the mysterious circumstances in which it occurred. Ferdinand IV died aged 26, and when he died he left an only 1-year-old son, who would reign as Alfonso XI of Castile.

الدفن

Ancestry

Notes

References

• Benavides, Antonio (1860). (in الإسبانية) (1st ed.). Madrid: Imprenta de Don José Rodríguez.
• Cerdá y Rico, Francisco (1787). (in الإسبانية) (2ª ed.). Madrid: Imprenta de D. Antonio de Sancha. OCLC 3130234.
• Fernández Peña, María Rosa (2006). (in الإسبانية). Madrid: Ediciones escurialenses. pp. 883–898. ISBN .
• González Mínguez, César (1995). Fernando IV, 1295-1312 (in الإسبانية) (1ª ed.). Palencia: La Olmeda. ISBN .
• نطقب:Cite publication
• نطقب:Cite publication
• Ibáñez de Segovia Peralta y Mendoza, Gaspar, Marqués de Mondejar (1777). "XVI". In Joachin Ibarra (ed.). (in الإسبانية). Madrid.
• Lafuente, Modesto (1861). "VIII". (in الإسبانية). Madrid: Establecimiento tipográfico de D. Francisco de P. Mellado.
• Mariana, Juan de (1855). (in الإسبانية) (Reedición ed.). Madrid: Imprenta y librería de Gaspar y Roig, editores. OCLC 8097245.
• نطقب:Cite publication
• Mata Carriazo y Arroquia, Juan de (2002). Catalogación Universidad de Sevilla. Secretariado de Publicaciones (ed.). (in الإسبانية). Granada: Editorial Universidad de Granada. Campus Universitario de Cartuja. ISBN .
• Nieto Cumplido, Manuel (2007). Obra social y cultural de Cajasur (ed.). La Catedral de Córdoba (in الإسبانية) (2ª ed.). Córdoba: Publicaciones de la Obra social y cultural de Cajasur. ISBN .
• Novia de Salcedo, Pedro (1851). (in الإسبانية). Bilbao: Librería de Delmas e Hijo. OCLC 458939368.
• نطقب:Cite publication
• Rodríguez de Almela, Diego; Román, Blas; Moreno, Juan Antonio (1793). (in الإسبانية) (Reedición ed.). Madrid: Librería de Domingo Villa.
• Salcedo Hierro, Miguel (2000). La Mezquita, Catedral de Córdoba (in الإسبانية) (1ª ed.). Córdoba: Publicaciones de la Obra Social y Cultural de Cajasur. ISBN .
• VV.AA.; El Grupo Arca (1995). Universidad de Córdoba (ed.). Guía artística de la provincia de Córdoba (in الإسبانية). Córdoba: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Córdoba. ISBN .
• Ximena Jurado, Martín (1991). Catálogo de los Obispos de las Iglesias Catedrales de Jaén y Anales eclesiásticos de este Obispado (in الإسبانية) (1ª ed.). Granada: Universidad de Granada. ISBN .

للاستزادة

General consultation works

Specific works about Ferdinand IV and his time

Specific articles appeared in books and publications about Ferdinand IV and his time

Historical novels

مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Ferdinand IV of Castile.

Plays