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سنة 1788 (MDCCLXXXVIII) كانت سنة كبيسة تبدأ يوم الثلاثاء (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1788 بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 788 في الألفية 2، السنة 88 في القرن 18، والسنة تسعة في عقد 1780 بين 1583 و1929 ومع فارق 1788 is 11 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929.

أحداث

يناير-مارس

• 1 يناير – The first edition of The Times, previously The Daily Universal Register, is published in London.
• 2 يناير – Georgia ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the fourth U.S. state under the new government.
• 9 يناير – Connecticut ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the fifth U.S. state.
• 18 يناير – The leading ship (armed tender ) in Captain Arthur Phillip's First Fleet arrives at Botany Bay, to colonise Australia.
• 22 يناير – the Congress of the Confederation, effectively a caretaker government until the United States Constitution can be ratified by at least nine of the 13 states, elects Cyrus Griffin كآخر رئيس.
• 24 يناير – The La Perouse expedition in the Astrolabe and Boussole arrives off Botany Bay, just as Captain Arthur Phillip is attempting to move his colony from there to Sydney Cove in Port Jackson.
• 26 يناير – Australia Day: Eleven ships of the First Fleet from Botany Bay, led by Captain Arthur Phillip, land at Sydney Cove (which will become Sydney), Australia, where he determines to establish the British prison colony of New South Wales, the first permanent European settlement on the continent.
• 31 يناير – Henry Benedict Stuart becomes the new Stuart claimant to the throne of Great Britain, as King Henry IX and the figurehead of Jacobitism.
• 1 فبراير – Isaac Briggs and William Longstreet patent a steamboat.
• 6 فبراير – مساتشوستس ratifies the United States Constitution، وتصبح سادس ولاية أمريكية.
• 7 فبراير – Sydney is named and founded, by the British Colony of New South Wales.
• 9 فبراير – Austria enters the Russo-Turkish War (1787–92)، وتهاجم مولداڤيا.
• 17 فبراير – The uninhabited Lord Howe Island is discovered by the brig , commanded by Lieutenant Ball, who is on his way from Botany Bay to Norfolk Island with convicts to start a penal settlement there. They arrive at Norfolk Island فيستة مارس.
• 10 مارس – The La Perouse expedition leaves Sydney Cove for New Caledonia, never to be seen again.
• 14 مارس – The Edinburgh Evening Courant carries a notice of £200 reward for the capture of William Brodie, a town councilor doubling as a burglar.

• 21 مارس – The Great New Orleans Fire kills 25% of the population and destroys 856 buildings, including St. Louis Cathedral and The Cabildo, leaving most of the town in ruins.

أبريل-يونيو

• Aprilسبعة – American pioneers establish the town of Marietta (in modern-day Ohio), the first permanent American settlement outside the original المستعمرات الثلاثة عشر.
• April 13 – America's first recorded riot, the 'Doctors' Mob', begins. Residents of Manhattan are angry about grave robbers stealing bodies for doctors to dissect. The rioting is suppressed on April 15.
• April 28 – Maryland ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the seventh U.S. state.
• Mayعشرة – The Royal Dramatic Theatre (Kungliga Dramatiska Teatern), Sweden's national drama company, is founded.
• May 15 – The Australian frontier wars begin.
• May 23 – South Carolina ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the eighth U.S. state.
• Juneسبعة – France: Day of the Tiles, which some consider the beginning of the French Revolution.
• Juneتسعة – The African Association, an exploration group dedicated to plotting the Niger River and finding Timbuktu, is founded in England.
• June 17 – English captains Thomas Gilbert and John Marshall, returning from Botany Bay, become the first Europeans to encounter the Gilbert Islands in the Pacific Ocean. They also chart islands in "Lord Mulgrove's range", later known as the Marshall Islands.
• 21 يونيو– New Hampshire ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the ninth U.S. state, enabling the Constitution to go into effect. (The latter happens on March 4, 1789, when the first Congress elected under the new Constitution assembles.)
• 25 يونيو– The Virginia Ratifying Convention ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the tenth U.S. state under the new government.
• 26 يونيو– Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, in Vienna, completes his antepenultimate symphony, now called the Symphony No. 39 in E-flat.

يوليو-سبتمبر

• 13 يوليو– hailstorm sweeps across France and the الجمهورية الهولندية، with hailstones 'as big as quart bottles' that take 'three days to melt'; immense damage is done.
• July 24 – Governor General Lord Dorchester, by proclamation issued from the Chateau St. Louis in Quebec City, divides the British Province of Quebec into five Districts, namely: Gaspé, Nassau, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, and Hesse.
• July 26 – New York ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the eleventh U.S. state.
• July 28 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, in Vienna, completes his penultimate symphony, now called the Symphony No. 40 in G Minor.
• Augustثمانية – King Louis XVI of France agrees to convene the Estates-General meeting in May 1789, the first time since 1614.
• Augustعشرة – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, in Vienna, completes his final symphony, now called the Symphony No. 41 in C Major, and nicknamed (after his death) The Jupiter.
• August 27 – The trial of Deacon William Brodie for burglary begins in Edinburgh, Scotland; he is sentenced to death by hanging.
• September 13 – The United States Congress of the Confederation passes an act providing a timeline for the voting for the first President under the new U.S. Constitution.
• September 21 – During the Austro-Turkish War, the Austrian army engages in a friendly-fire incident at the Battle of Karánsebes which results in mass casualties.
• September 24 – The Theater War begins, when the army of Denmark–Norway invades Sweden.

أكتوبر-ديسمبر

• 1 أكتوبر – William Brodie is hanged at the Tolbooth in Edinburgh.
• October 21 – The 14th and last session of the Continental Congress and (the 6th as Congress under the Articles of Confederation) is adjourned.
• October – King George III of the United Kingdom becomes deranged; the Regency Crisis of 1788 starts.
• Novemberثمانية – Voting takes place in the 11 states that have ratified the United States Constitution for the first U.S. Senators; in Virginia, Richard Henry Lee and William Grayson, both anti-federalists, receive the highest number of votes in the Virginia Senate.
• November 15 – Cyrus Griffin of Virginia completes his service as the last President of the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation
• November 20 – In the United Kingdom, the Houses of Parliament are given the first formal report by Prime Minister Pitt of the mental illness of King George III. Parliament adjourns for two weeks to await the results of examinations by royal physicians.
• November 25 – Fifty consecutive days of temperatures below freezing strike France, a record that would be unbroken more than 200 years later.
• Decemberستة – Russo-Turkish War (1787–92): The Ottoman fortress of Özi falls to the Russians after a prolonged siege, and a murderous storm with a temperature of −23 °م (−9 °ف).
• December 14 – King Charles III of Spain dies, and is succeeded by his son Charles IV.
• December – Robert Burns writes his version of the Scots poem Auld Lang Syne.

مجهولة التاريخ

• Annual British iron production reaches 68,000 tons.

مواليد

• 22 يناير – George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, English poet (ت. 1824)
• 5 فبراير – روبرت پيل, رئيس وزراء المملكة المتحدة (ت. 1850)
• 10 فبراير – Johann Peter Pixis, German pianist, composer (ت. 1874)
• 12 فبراير – Carl Reichenbach, German chemist (ت. 1869)

• February 22 – Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher (ت. 1860)

• Marchعشرة – Joseph von Eichendorff, German poet (ت. 1857)
• 2 أبريل
  • Francisco Balagtas, Filipino poet (ت. 1862)
  • Wilhelmine Reichard, first German woman balloonist (ت. 1848)
• 14 أبريل – David G. Burnet, رئيس جمهورية تكساس (ت. 1870)
• 18 أبريل – Charlotte Murchison, Scottish geologist (ت. 1869)

• 10 مايو– Augustin-Jean Fresnel, French engineer, physicist and inventor (ت. 1827)
• May 16 – Friedrich Rückert, German poet, translator, and professor of Oriental languages (ت. 1866)
• 22 مايو– William Grant Broughton, first Anglican bishop in Australia (ت. 1853)
• 8 يونيو– Charles A. Wickliffe, American politician, 14th Governor of Kentucky (ت. 1869)
• 21 يونيو– Princess Augusta of Bavaria, Duchess of Leuchtenberg (ت. 1851)
• 30 يوليو– Kisamor, Swedish natural healer (ت. 1842)
• 2 أغسطس – Leopold Gmelin, German chemist (ت. 1853)
• Augustستة – Felix Slade, English lawyer, philanthropist and art collector (ت. 1868)
• 7 أغسطس – Francis R. Shunk, American politician (ت. 1848)
• August 16 – Luigi Ciacchi, Italian cardinal (ت. 1865)
• 12 سبتمبر – Alexander Campbell, Irish-born founder of the Disciples of Christ (ت. 1866)
• September 15 – Gerard C. Brandon, American politician (ت. 1850)
• September 12 – Charlotte von Siebold, German gynecologist (ت. 1859)
• September 21
  • Geert Adriaans Boomgaard, Dutch citizen, first validated supercentenarian (ت. 1899)
  • Margaret Taylor, First Lady of the United States (ت. 1852)
• 22 سبتمبر – Theodore Edward Hook, English author (ت. 1841)
• 28 سبتمبر – Jakob Walter, German stonemason, soldier (ت. 1864)
• 9 أكتوبر – József Kossics, Hungarian-Slovene Catholic priest, writer, ethnologist (ت. 1867)
• 11 أكتوبر – Simon Sechter, Austrian music teacher (ت. 1867)
• 24 أكتوبر – Sarah Josepha Hale, American author (ت. 1879)
• October 31 – David R. Porter, American politician (ت. 1867)
• Novemberثمانية – Mihály Bertalanits, Hungarian Slovene (Prekmurje Slovene) poet, teacher (ت. 1853)
• Date unknown
  • Facundo Quiroga, Argentine federationalist (ت. 1835)
  • Ana Joaquina dos Santos e Silva, African businesswoman (ت. 1859)

وفيات

• 14 يناير – François Joseph Paul, marquis de Grasetilly, comte de Grasse, French admiral (و. 1722)
• 31 يناير – Charles Edward Stuart, claimant to the British throne (و. 1720)
• 18 فبراير – John Whitehurst, English clockmaker, scientist (و. 1713)
• 21 فبراير – Johann Georg Palitzsch, German astronomer (و. 1723)
• February 28 – Thomas Cushing, American Continental Congressman (و. 1725)
• March 29 – Charles Wesley, English co-founder (with his brother, John Wesley) of the religious movement now known as Methodism (و. 1707)
• 31 مارس – Catharina Elisabet Grubb, Finnish industrialist (و. 1721)
• April 12 – Carlo Antonio Campioni, French-born composer (و. 1719)
• 15 أبريل – Giuseppe Bonno, Austrian composer (و. 1711)
• April 16 – Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist (و. 1707)
• Mayثمانية – Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, Italian-born physician, naturalist (و. 1723)
• May 11 – Dorothea Biehl, Danish writer (و. 1731)
• 14 يونيو– Adam Gib, Scottish religious leader (و. 1714)
• June 21 – Johann Georg Hamann, German philosopher (و. 1730)
• 3 يوليو– François Jacquier, French Franciscan mathematician, physicist (و. 1711)
• July 30 – Kajetan Sołtyk, Polish Catholic priest (و. 1715)

• 2 أغسطس – Thomas Gainsborough, British painter (و. 1727)
• August 25 – Tanuma Okitsugu, Japanese government official (و. 1719)
• 28 أغسطس – Elizabeth Pierrepont, Duchess of Kingston-upon-Hull, English noble (و. 1721)
• October 13 – Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent, Irish politician, poet (و. 1709)
• 15 أكتوبر – Samuel Greig, Scottish-Russian Admiral (و. 1736)
• 14 نوفمبر – Thomas Estcourt Cresswell, British politician (و. 1712)
• 20 نوفمبر – Samuel Martin (Secretary to the Treasury), British politician (و. 1714)
• November 23 – Infante Gabriel of Spain (و. 1752)
• Decemberستة – Jonathan Shipley, English bishop, politician (و. 1714)
  • Nicole-Reine Lepaute, French astronomer (و. 1723)

• 14 ديسمبر
  • Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, German composer (و. 1714)
  • الملك كارلوس الثالث من اسبانيا (و. 1716)
• December 19 – Juan Bautista de Anza, Governor of the Spanish Province of New Mexico (و. 1736)
• December 22 – Percivall Pott, English surgeon (و. 1714)
• 30 ديسمبر – Francesco Zuccarelli, Italian painter, elected to the الأكاديمية البندقية (و. 1702)
• مجهولة التاريخ – Lucia Galeazzi Galvani, Italian scientist (و. 1743)

المراجع

للاستزادة

• John Blair; J. Willoughby Rosse (1856). "1788". Blair's Chronological Tables. London: H.G. Bohn – via Hathi Trust.