نهر روفيجي

روفيجي
	نهر روفيجي في سلوس
	Map of the Rufiji River drainage basin. The separate, endorheic Lake Sulunga basin is shown in green.
الاسم المحلي	Rufiji (language?)
المسقط
البلد	تنزانيا
السمات الطبيعية
المنبع
⁃ المسقط	Tanzania
⁃ الإحداثيات
المصب
- المسقط	المحيط الهندي
- الإحداثيات	Coordinates:
الطول	600 kم (370 ميل)

نهر روفيجي Rufiji River يقع بالكامل داخل تنزانيا. The river is formed by the confluence of the Kilombero and Luwegu rivers. It is approximately 600 kiloمترs (370 ميل) long, with its source in southwestern Tanzania and its mouth on the Indian Ocean at a point between Mafia Island called Mafia Channel. Its principal tributary is the Great Ruaha River. It is navigable for about 100 kiloمترs (62 ميل).

The Rufiji is about 200 kiloمترs (120 ميل) south of Dar es Salaam. The river's delta contains the largest mangrove forest in eastern Africa.

التاريخ

A branch of ancient sea routes led down the East African coast called "Azania" by the Greeks and Romans in the 1st century CE as described in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (and, very probably, صينية: 澤散 in the 3rd century by the Chinese), at least as far as the port known to the Romans as Rhapta, which was probably located in the delta of the Rufiji River in modern Tanzania.

During the First World War, from October 1914 to July 1915, the river delta was the scene of a protracted naval operation. These were the attempts, and later achievement, by the Royal Navy to neutralize and destroy the German cruiser .

الحوض

The catchment basin for the Rufiji River complex is 177,429 kiloمتر مربعs (68,506 ميل²).

Rufiji Basin catchment area
River	Area km²	Percentage of area	Percentage of run-off
Great Ruaha	83,970	47	15
Kilombero	39,990	23	62
Luwegu	26,300	15	18
Rufiji (lower river)	27,160	15	5
Total	177,429	100	100

مشروع توليد الكهرباء

الرئيس التنزاني جون ماگوفولي منح موافقته على إنشاء محطة خانق شتيگلر لتوليد الطاقة المائية (سد روفيجي) الجديدة بقدرة 2,115 مـِگاواط على النهر في المنطقة. وسينتج عن هذه المستوى الجديدة كهرباء إضافية قدرها 2,100 مـِگاواط ، والتي تعني الزيادة لثلاثة أضعاف قدرة تنزانيا من الطاقة المائية التي تقف حاليا عند 562 مـِگاواط. المشروع يقوم بتطبيقه شركتان مصريتان، المقاولون العرب والسويدي للكابلات. وقد بدأ العمل في تطبيق المشروع في 26 يوليو2019 وسيكون جاهزاً في 2022.

المراجع

^ , authored by Maria Snoussi, Johnson Kitheka, Yohanna Shaghude, Alioune Kane, Russell Arthurton, Martin Le Tissier, and Hassan Virji, 2007, volume 39, page 589
^ "The Peoples of the West". from the Weilue 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢. Translated by Hill, John E. University of Washington. September 2004. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
^ "The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Panchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." Felix A. Chami. In: Society for Arabian Studies Monographs 2 Trade and Travel in the Red Sea Region. Proceedings of Red Sea Project I held in the British Museum October 2002, pp. 93-104. Edited by Paul Lunde and Alexandra Porter. ISBN 1-84171-622-7.
^ Arvidson, Anders; et al. (May 2009). "Initial Assessment of Socioeconomic and Environmental Risks and Opportunities of Large-scale Biofuels Production in the Rufiji District" (PDF). SEKAB BioEnergy (T) Ltd. p. 23.
^ "Tanzania to Construct Hydropower Plant on National Reserve". Voice of America. July 26, 2019.
^ "Tanzania launches Rufiji power plant". The EastAfrican. July 26, 2019.

للاستزادة

Chami, F. A. 1999. "The Early Iron Age on Mafia island and its relationship with the mainland." Azania Vol. XXXIV 1999, pp. 1–10.
Chami, Felix A. 2002. "The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Panchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." In: Society for Arabian Studies Monographs 2 Trade and Travel in the Red Sea Region. Proceedings of Red Sea Project I held in the British Museum October 2002, pp. 93–104. Edited by Paul Lunde and Alexandra Porter. ISBN 1-84171-622-7.
Miller, J. Innes. 1969. Chapter 8: "The Cinnamon Route". In: The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire. Oxford: University Press. ISBN 0-19-814264-1
Ray, Himanshu Prabha, ed. 1999. Archaeology of Seafaring: The Indian Ocean in the Ancient Period. Pragati Publications, Delhi.