فرانسس رودن-هستنگز
|
المبجل ماركيز هستنگز KG PC | |
|---|---|
| The Marquess of Hastings as الحاكم العام للهند بريشة جوشوا رينولدز | |
| الحاكم العام لمرئوسية حصن وليام | |
|
في المنصب 4 أكتوبر 1813 –تسعة يناير 1823 | |
| العاهل |
جورج الثالث جورج الرابع |
| سبقه | The Lord Minto |
| خلفه |
John Adam As Acting Governor-General |
| حاكم مالطا | |
|
في المنصب 22 مارس 1824 – 28 نوفمبر 1826 | |
| العاهل | جورج الرابع |
| سبقه | Hon. Thomas Maitland |
| خلفه |
Alexander George Woodford كقائم بأعمال الحاكم |
| تفاصيل شخصية | |
| وُلِد |
9 ديسمبر 1754 County Down, مملكة أيرلندا |
| توفي | 28 نوفمبر 1826 (عن عمر 71 عاماً) في بحر ناپولي |
| القومية | British |
| الزوج | Flora Campbell, 6th Countess of Loudoun (1780–1840) |
| الخدمة العسكرية | |
| الولاء | مملكة بريطانيا العظمى |
| الخدمة/الفرع | الجيش البريطاني |
| الرتبة | General |
| قاد | Commander-in-Chief of India |
| المعارك/الحروب |
American War of Independence French Revolutionary Wars |
فرانسس إدوارد رودن-هستنگز، ماركيز هستنجز الأول Francis Edward Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings، KG, PC (9 ديسمبر 1754 – 28 نوفمبر 1826)، styled المبجل فرانسس رودن منذ مولده حتى 1762، وبلقب اللورد رودن بين 1762 و1783، وعُرف بإسم إرل مويرا Moira بين 1793 و1816، وكان سياسياً بريطانياً أنگلو-أيرلندي وضابطاً عسكرياً شغل منصب الحاكم العام للهند من 1813 حتى 1823. كما خدم في القوات البريطانية لسنين أثناء الحرب الثورية الأمريكية وفي 1794 أثناء الحروب الثورية الفرنسية. كما اتخذ اللقب العائلي الاضافي 'هستنگز' في 1790 رضوخاً لوصية خاله، فرانسس هستنگز، إرل هنتنگدون العاشر.
حرب الاستقلال الأمريكية
معركة بنكر هل
سنوات السلام
Rawdon became active in associations in London. He was F.R.S. (Fellow of the Royal Society ?) 1787 and F.S.A. (Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries ?) 1793. For 1806-8 he was Grand Master of the Free Masons.
الحروب الثورية الفرنسية
Following the declaration of war in 1793 of France upon Great Britain, Rawdon-Hastings (as he was now known) was appointed major general, on 12 October 1793. Sent by the پت ministry, Rawdon-Hastings launched an expedition into Ostend, France, in 1794. He marched to join with the army of the Duke of York, at Alost. The French general Pichegru, with superior numbers, forced the British back toward their base at Antwerp. Rawdon-Hastings left the expedition, feeling Pitt had broken promises.
حياته السياسية
Rawdon sat for Randalstown in the Irish House of Commons from 1781 until 1783. That year he was created Baron Rawdon, of Rawdon, in the County of York. In 1787, he became friends with the Prince of Wales, and loaned him many thousands of pounds. In 1788 he became embroiled in the أزمة الوصاية.
In 1789, he took the surname Hastings in accordance with his uncle's will. He succeeded his father as 2nd Earl of Moira on 20 June 1793, and thereafter served in the House of Lords for three decades.
خطة ليصبح رئيساً للوزراء
In 1797 it was rumoured briefly that Rawdon (Moira) would replace Pitt as رئيساً للوزراء. There was some discontent with Pitt over his policies regarding the war with France. Additionally Pitt's long tenure in office had given him ample opportunity to annoy various political grandees, including but not limited to The Duke of Leeds and Lords Thurlow and Lansdowne.
الحاكم العام للهند
Through the influence of the Prince-Regent, Moira was appointed Governor-General of India on 11 November 1812. His tenure as Governor-General was a memorable one, overseeing the victory in the Gurkha War (1814–1816); the final conquest of the Marathas in 1818; and the purchase of the island of Singapore in 1819.
After delays clearing affairs, he reached Madras on 11 September 1813. In October, he settled in at Calcutta. British India then consisted of Madras, Bengal, and Bombay. He commanded an army of 15,000 British regulars, a Bengal army of 27 regiments of native infantry, and eight regiments of cavalry; a Madras army، بقيادة الجنرال جون آبركرومبي of 24 regiments of native infantry, and eight regiments of native cavalry.
الحرب الأنگلو-نـِپالية
الحرب الأنگلو-ماراثا الثالثة
بعد غارات Pindaris in January 1817, Hastings led a force at هندوستان في الشمال؛ in the South, the Army of the الدكن، under the command of General Sir Thomas Hislop. The Peshwa was defeated by William Fullarton Elphinstone on the Poona. Appa Sahib was defeated at the battle of ناگ‌پور. Hislop defeated Holkar at the معركة مهدي‌پور.
الدبلوماسية
نشط رودن دبلوماسياً، فحمى الولايات الهندية الأضعف. كما كانت سياسته الداخلية في الهند ناجحة لحد كبير، إذ شهد إصلاح نظام قنوات المغل في دلهي في 1820، وأطلق كذلك إصلاحات تعليمية وادارية. وقد وافق على شراء سنغافورة من سلطان جوهر، بواسطة السير ستامفورد رفلز، في يناير 1819.
He became increasingly estranged from the East India Company's Board of Control (انظر حكم الشركة في الهند). He was appointed Governor of Malta in 1824 and died at sea off Naples two years later, aboard . Following his directions, his right hand was cut off and preserved, to be buried with his wife when she died. This request was observed, and his hand was interred, clasped with hers in the family vault at Loudoun Kirk.
في الثقافة الشعبية
- The character of Rawdon Crawley in William Makepeace Thackeray's novel Vanity Fair is named after him. He is also Francis Rawdon Hastings, the Second Earl of Moira, in Stephanie Barron's novel "Jane and the Barque of Frailty."
الهامش
- ^ Beevor, p.58
- ^ Beevor, p.59
- ^ Brown, J. (1851) .
- ^ James, C. (1805)
- ^ (Paul David Nelson 2005, p. 121)
- ^ "No. 12419". The London Gazette. 1 March 1783. p. 1.
- ^ (Paul David Nelson 2005, p. 148)
- ^ "Francis Rawdon- Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings | eHISTORY". ehistory.osu.edu (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2017-11-15.
- ^ (Paul David Nelson 2005, p. 162)
المصادر
- نطقب:Cite ODNB
- Paul David Nelson (2005). . Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN .
- Beevor, R. J. (1931). Hastings of Hastings. Printed for Private Circulation.
- Harrington, Jack (2010). Sir John Malcolm and the Creation of British India. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN .
- Kelly, Ronan (2009). Bard of Erin: The Life of Thomas Moore. Penguin Books.
- Morley, Vincent (2002). Irish opinion and the American Revolution, 1760–83. Cambridge University Press.
وصلات خارجية
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Marquess of Hastings
- Ninety Six National Historic Site
- Francis, Lord Rawdon – Colonel
- Battle of Hobkirk's Hill
- Rediscovering Hobkirk's Hill
| برلمان أيرلندا | ||
|---|---|---|
| سبقه John O'Neill James St John Jeffereyes |
Member of Parliament for Randalstown –1783 مع: John O'Neill |
تبعه John O'Neill Richard Jackson |
| مناصب عسكرية | ||
| سبقه Sir Ralph Abercromby |
Commander-in-Chief, Scotland 1803–1806 |
تبعه William Cathcart, 1st Viscount Cathcart |
| سبقه Sir George Nugent |
Commander-in-Chief, India 1813–1823 |
تبعه Sir Edward Paget |
| سبقه Eyre Massey, 1st Baron Clarina |
Colonel of the 27th Regiment of Foot 1804–1826 |
تبعه Hon. Sir Galbraith Lowry Cole |
| مناصب سياسية | ||
| سبقه The Earl of Chatham |
Master-General of the Ordnance 1806–1807 |
تبعه The Earl of Chatham |
| مناصب حكومية | ||
| سبقه The Lord Minto |
Governor-General of India 1813–1823 |
تبعه John Adam (acting) |
| سبقه Hon. Thomas Maitland |
Governor of Malta 1824–1826 |
تبعه Alexander George Woodford (acting) |
| ألقاب فخرية. | ||
| سبقه The Marquess Cornwallis |
Constable of the Tower Lord Lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets 1806–1826 |
تبعه The Duke of Wellington |
| مناصب ماسونية | ||
| سبقه The Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn (as Grand Master) |
Premier Grand Lodge of England 1790–1812 |
تبعه The Duke of Sussex (as Grand Master) |
| سبقه The Earl of Dalhousie (as Grand Master) |
Grand Lodge of Scotland 1806–1808 |
تبعه Hon. William Maule |
| Peerage of the United Kingdom | ||
| منصب مستحدث |
Marquess of Hastings 1816–1826 |
تبعه George Rawdon-Hastings |
| Peerage of Great Britain | ||
| سبقه John Rawdon |
Earl of Moira 1793–1826 |
تبعه George Rawdon-Hastings |
| منصب مستحدث |
Baron Rawdon 1783–1826 |
تبعه George Rawdon-Hastings |
| نبيل إنگليزي | ||
| سبقه Elizabeth Rawdon |
Baron Hastings 1808–1826 |
تبعه George Rawdon-Hastings |
