كارلوس الأول من البرتغال
| Carlos I | |
|---|---|
| King Carlos I of Portugal | |
| King of Portugal and the Algarves | |
| الحكم | 19 October 1889 – 1 February 1908 |
| Acclamation | 28 December 1889 |
| سبقه | Luís I |
| تبعه | Manuel II |
| Prime Ministers |
See list
José Luciano de Castro
António Serpa João Crisóstomo José Dias Ferreira Hintze Ribeiro João Franco |
| الزوج | Amélie of Orléans |
| الأنجال |
Luís Filipe, Prince Royal Manuel II |
| الاسم الكامل | |
| Carlos Fernando Luís Maria Victor Miguel Rafael Gabriel Gonzaga Xavier Francisco de Assis José Simão | |
| البيت الملكي | Braganza |
| الأب | Luís I |
| الأم | Maria Pia of Savoy |
| وُلِد | 28 September 1863 Ajuda National Palace, Lisbon |
| توفي | 1 February 1908 (aged 44) Terreiro do Paço, Lisbon (assassinated) |
| الدفن | Pantheon of the Braganzas |
| الديانة | Roman Catholicism |
| التوقيع | |
كارلوس الأول (Carlos I ؛ النطق في البرتغالية: [ˈkaɾɫuʃ]; English: Charles I) الدبلوماسي (also known as the Martyr; بالپرتغالية: o Diplomata and o Martirizado; 28 September 1863 – 1 February 1908) was the King of Portugal and the Algarves. He was the first Portuguese king to die a violent death since Sebastian of Portugal (1578). This occurred in 1908, when Carlos was murdered in Lisbon as he travelled in an open carriage with the royal family.
النشأة
Carlos was born in Lisbon, Portugal, the son of King Luís and Queen Maria Pia of Savoy, daughter of Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy, and was a member of the House of Braganza.
ملك البرتغال
Carlos became King on 19 October 1889. After the 1890 British Ultimatum, colonial treaties with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (one signed in August 1890 that defined their African borders along the Zambezi and Congo rivers and another signed on 14 October 1899, that confirmed colonial treaties of the 17th century) stabilised the situation in Africa, ending Portuguese claims of sovereignty on the Pink Map. These agreements were however unpopular in Portugal where they were seen as being to the disadvantage of the country.
Domestically, Portugal was twice declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again onعشرة May 1902 – causing industrial disturbances, socialist and republican antagonism and press criticism of the monarchy. Carlos responded by appointing João Franco as prime minister and subsequently accepting parliament's dissolution.
As a patron of science and the arts, King Carlos took an active part in the celebration of the 500th anniversary (in 1894) of the birth of Prince Henry the Navigator. The following year he decorated the Portuguese poet João de Deus in a ceremony in Lisbon. Carlos took a personal interest in deep-sea and maritime exploration, publishing an account of his own studies in this area.
كارلوس الدبلوماسي
اغتياله
On 1 February 1908 the royal family returned from the palace of Vila Viçosa to Lisbon. They travelled by train to Barreiro and, from there, they took a steamer to cross the Tagus River and disembarked at Cais do Sodré in central Lisbon. On their way to the royal palace, the open carriage with Carlos I and his family passed through the Terreiro do Paço fronting on the river. While crossing the square, shots were fired from the crowd by two republican activists: Alfredo Costa and Manuel Buiça.
الزيجات والأنجال
Carlos was married to Princess Amélie of Orléans in 1886. She was daughter of Prince Philippe, Count of Paris and Princess Marie Isabelle of Orléans. Their children were:
- Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal (1887–1908)
- Infanta Maria Ana of Portugal (1887)
- Manuel II, King of Portugal between 1908 and 1910 (1889–1932)
Titles, honours, and styles
|
ملكية styles of King Carlos I of Portugal | |
|---|---|
| أسلوب الإشارة | His Most Faithful Majesty |
| أسلوب المخاطبة | Your Most Faithful Majesty |
- 28 September 1863 - 19 October 1889: His Royal Highness The Prince Royal of Portugal
- 19 October 1889 - 1 February 1908: His Most Faithful Majesty The King of Portugal and the Algarves
- Carlos I's official styling as King of Portugal
- By the Grace of God and by the Constitution of the Monarchy, Carlos I, King of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation, and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia, and India, etc.
Ancestry
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Notes
- ^ "While remaining patrilineal dynasts of the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha according to pp. 88, 116 of the 1944 Almanach de Gotha, Title 1, Chapter 1, Articleخمسة of the 1838 Portuguese constitution declared, with respect to Ferdinand II of Portugal's issue by his first wife, that 'the Most Serene House of Braganza is the reigning house of Portugal and continues through the Person of the Lady Queen Maria II'. Thus their mutual descendants constitute the Coburg line of the House of Braganza"
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةeb
References
- Jean Pailler: D. Carlos I – Rei de Portugal: Destino Maldito de um Rei Sacrificado. Bertrand, Lisbon, 2001, ISBN 978-972-25-1231-2
- Jean Pailler: Maria Pia: A Mulher que Queria Ser Rainha de Portugal. Bertrand, Lisbon, 2006, ISBN 972-25-1467-9
- Manuel Amaral: Portugal – Dicionário Histórico, Corográfico, Heráldico, Biográfico, Bibliográfico, Numismático e Artístico, Volume II, 1904–1915, págs. 759
- Rui Ramos: D. Carlos, Temas e Debates, Lisbon, 2007.
وصلات خارجية
|
كارلوس الأول من البرتغال
House of Braganza
فرع أصغر من House of Aviz and House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
وُلِد: 28 September 1863 توفي: 1 February 1908
| ||
| ألقاب ملكية | ||
|---|---|---|
| سبقه Luís I |
King of Portugal and the Algarves 19 October 1889 – 1 February 1908 |
تبعه Manuel II |
| الملكية البرتغالية | ||
| سبقه Pedro V |
Prince Royal of Portugal 28 September 1863 – 19 October 1889 |
تبعه Luís Filipe |
|
Duke of Braganza 28 September 1863 – 19 October 1889 | ||
نطقب:House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Portugal)
