قائمة الملوك السويديين

تاريخ السويد;
	اسكندنافيا ما قبل التاريخ (–800)
	الڤايكنگ والعصور الوسطى (800–1521)
	حقبة ڤاسا المبكر (1521–1611)
	قوة عظمى صاعدة (1611–1648)
	الإمبراطورية السويدية (1648–1718)
	عصر الحرية (1718–1772)
	مطلقية گوستاڤيوس الثالث (1772–1809)
	الإتحاد مع النرويج (1814–1905)
	العصر الاوسكاري (آخر القرن 19)
	التصنيع (1870s–1930)
	الحرب العالمية الثانية (1930s–1945)
	الحرب الباردة (1945–1989)
	ما بعد الحرب الباردة (1989–)
	موضوعات
	التاريخ العسكري

This is a list of Swedish monarchs, that is, the Kings and ruling Queens of Sweden, including regents and viceroys of the Kalmar Union, up to the present time.

التاريخ

الملوك والملكات الحاكمون للسويد 1523-1907

أقدم سجل لما يُعتبر عموماً ملك سويدي ظهر في عمل تاكيتوس گرمانيا Germania، ح. 100 م (ملك السويون Suiones). إلا أنه، بسبب قلة وضعف مصداقية المصادر قبل القرن الحادي عشر، فقوائم التتابع تبدأ تقليدياً في القرن العاشر بالملك أولوف سكوتكونونگ، ووالده إريك المنتصر، اللذين كانا أيضاً أول ملوك سويديين يُعمَّدوا. There are, however, lists of Swedish pagan monarchs with far older dates, but in many cases these kings appear in sources of disputed historical reliability. These records notably deal with the legendary House of Yngling, and based on the Danish chronicler Saxo Grammaticus, Erik Segersäll and Olof Skötkonung have often been classified as belonging to the Swedish house of Ynglings. However, according to Icelandic sources this line of kings was broken (see Ingjald and Ivar Vidfamne), and trace them back to Sigurd Ring and Ragnar Lodbrok (whom Saxo, on the other hand, considered to belong to the House of Yngling). As there is no evidence that Eric and Olof ever used the Yngling name themselves, modern historians instead refer to their family as the House of Munsö, the Old Dynasty or the House of Uppsala.

In the 16th century, Johannes Magnus constructed a mythical line of Swedish kings, beginning with Magog, the son of Japheth, to demonstrate the antiquity of the Swedish throne. On the basis of his list, Eric XIV and Charles IX adopted their high ordinals; previous monarchs with those names are traditionally numbered counting backward from Eric XIV and Charles IX. In contemporary Swedish usage, medieval kings are usually not given any ordinal at all.

Sweden has been ruled by queens regnant on three separate occasions: by Margaret (1389–1412), Christina (1632–1654) and Ulrika Eleonora (1718–1720) respectively.

In addition to the list below, the Swedish throne was also claimed by the kings of the الكومنولث الپولندي-اللتواني from 1599 to 1660. Following his abdication Sigismund continued to claim the throne from 1599 to his death in 1632. After his death the claim was continued by his sons, Vladislaus IV (from 1632 to 1648) and John II Casimir (from 1648 to 1660).

The Swedish monarchs have been of the House of Bernadotte since 1818, based on the Swedish Act of Succession of 1810. The Constitution of 1809 assumed that the monarch would appoint his Cabinet as he saw fit, but growing calls for democratisation during the end of the 19th century made such an idea impossible to sustain. 1917 marks the end of any real political power for the Swedish monarch. The Constitution of 1974 codifies this development by removing all decision-making powers from the monarch, making it both de facto and de jure a ceremonial position. Today, it is the Government, not the King, which holds chief executive power.

In 1980, the rule of succession was changed from agnatic to absolute primogeniture, to the benefit of Princess Victoria (و. 1977), the current heir apparent.

Monarchs and Regents of Sweden

For lists of the prehistoric kings of Sweden see List of legendary kings of Sweden

House of Munsö

الاسم	الميلاد	الزيجات	الوفاة
Eric the Victorious (Erik Segersäll) c. 970 – c. 995	945?, son of Björn Eriksson	Sigrid the Haughty or 'Świętosława' of Poland	Sotdöd (died in sickness) in Old Uppsala c. 995, aged about 50
Olof Skötkonung c. 995 – c. 1022	c. 980, son of Eric the Victorious	Estrid of the Obotrites	c. 1022, aged about 42
Anund Jacob (Anund Jakob) c. 1022–1050	25 July 1008 or 1010 son of Olof Skötkonung and Estrid of the Obotrites		c. 1050, aged about 40
Emund the Old (Emund den gamle) 1050–1060	Illegitimate son of Olof Skötkonung	Astrid Njalsdotter	1060

House of Stenkil and contemporary

House of Stenkil

الاسم	الميلاد	الزيجات	الوفاة
Stenkil (Stenkil Ragnvaldsson) 1060–1066	Probably from Västergötland, son of Ragnvald Ulfsson (according to Hervarar saga)	Ingamoder Emundsdotter	Sotdöd (died in sickness) in "Svitjod", 1066
Eric and Eric 1066–1067			1067, died in the fighting between each other
Halsten Stenkilsson (Halsten) 1067–1070	c. 1050 son of Stenkil		1084, aged about 34
Anund Gårdske 1070–1075	Coming from Garðaríki, (Kievan Rus'), although probably with ancestral links to Scandinavia
Håkan the Red (Håkan Röde) 1075–1079	Levene, Västergötland, c. 1040, son of Stenkil
Inge the Elder (Inge den äldre) 1079–1084, 1087–1105	son of Stenkil and Ingamoder Emundsdotter	Helena, sister of Blot-Sweyn	Died in sickness, 1105. First buried in Hånger, but then moved to Varnhem Abbey
Blot-Sweyn (Blot-Sven) 1084–1087			1087, ambushed by Inge the Elder's troops
1087–1105, Inge the Elder (Inge den äldre) (second period)
Philip Halstensson (Filip Halstensson) 1105–1118	son of king Halsten	Ingegerd, daughter of Harald Hardrada	Assumed to be buried in Vreta Abbey with his brother Inge II
Inge the Younger (Inge den yngre) 1110–1125	son of king Halsten	Ulvhild Håkansdotter	Östergötland, 1125, Accusations has it that he was poisoned by his wife with an "evil drink". Assumed to be buried in Vreta Abbey with his brother Philip
Ragnvald Knaphövde 1125–1126	Assumed to be related in some way to the House of Stenkil		1126, killed before accepted in Västergötland by the supporters of Magnus the Strong
1126-30 Magnus I of Sweden of the House of Estrid was ruling over the West Geats, and soon-to-be King Sverker was already ruling over the East Geats.

بيتا سڤركر وإريك

      بيت إستريد
      بيت إريك
      بيت سڤركر

الاسم	الميلاد	الزيجات	الوفاة
سڤركر الأول الأكبر (also called Clubfoot, Sverker den äldre أوKlumpfot; king from 1125 in Östergötland), 1130–25 ديسمبر 1156	of East Geatish ancestry, son of Cornube or Kol	Ulvhild Håkansdotter, Richeza of Poland	Murdered by his own coach on Christmas Day 1156 while going to church. Some appoint ماگنس هنريكسن to be behind the murder, buried at أبرشية ألڤاسترا
إريك (التاسع) القديس (Erik den helige), 1156–18 May 1160	ح. 1120, some appoint him to have West Geatish roots	Christina of Denmark	قتله ماگنس هنريكسن as he came out of the church in Uppsala, 18 May 1160, aged about 40, enshrined في كاتدرائية اوپسالا
ماگنس الثاني, 1160–1161	ابن هنري وIngrid Ragvaldsdotter (حفيدة Inge the Elder)	Married to his stepsister Brigida Haraldsdotter، ابنة Harald IV (Gille) من النرويج	Died in the battle of Örebro ضد كارل السابع، 1161
كارل الأول (كارل سڤركرسون)، 1161–12 أبريل 1167	1130، ابن سڤركر الأول الأكبر وUlvhild Håkansdotter	Christina Hvide, 1163	قتله كانوته الأول إريكسون في ڤيسينگسو, 12 أبريل 1167، عن عمر يناهز 37 عاماً، ودُفِن في أبرشية ألڤاسترا
كانوته الأول إريكسون (كنوت إريكسون) (1167–1173 not in Östergötland; from 1173 also in Östergötland), 1167–1195/1196	before 1150, son of Eric the Saint and كريستينا (probably a granddaughter of Inge the Elder)	Cecilia Johansdotter	Died peacefully in 1195 or 1196, buried at Varnhem Abbey
سڤركر الأصغر (Sverker den yngre), 1196–31 January 1208	ولد قبل 1167, من الممكن في 1164 ابن الملك كارل السابع والملكة Christine Stigsdatter of Hvide	Benedicta Ebbesdotter of Hvide Ingegerd Birgersdotter of Bjelbo daughter of Birger Brosa	Died in the Battle of Gestilren, 17 July 1210، عن عمر يناهز 45، ودفن في أبرشية ألڤاسترا
إريك (العاشر) (إريك كنوتسون), 31 يناير 1208–10 April 1216	1180 ابن Canute I Ericson	Richeza of Denmark (the daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark)	توفي فجأة بالحمى في قلعة ناس، Visingsö,عشرة أبريل 1216, aged about 36, buried at Varnhem Abbey
يوهان الأول الطفل (Johan Sverkersson unge), Spring 1216–10 March 1222	1201 son of سڤركر الثاني		Died on Visingsö,عشرة March 1222, aged about 21, buried at أبرشية ألڤاسترا
إريك (الحادي عشر) الألثغ والأعرج (Erik läspe och halte), Summer 1222–28 or 29 November 1229	1216 son of king Erik X of Sweden and Richeza of Denmark	Catherine of Ymseborg	2 February 1250, aged about 34, buried at Varnhem Abbey
كانوته الثاني الطويل (Knut Långe) 28 or 29 November 1229 – 1234	son of Holmger who was "nepos" (nephew?) of Canute I Ericson	Helena Pedersdatter Strange	1234, buried at Sko kloster
إريك (الحادي عشر) الألثغ والأعرج (Erik läspe och halte), 1234–2 February 1250	1216 son of king Erik X of Sweden and Richeza of Denmark	Catherine of Ymseborg	2 February 1250, aged about 34, buried at Varnhem Abbey

House of Bjälbo

The House of Bjälbo is sometimes referred to as the House of Folkung

الاسم	الميلاد	الزيجات	الوفاة
Valdemar (Valdemar Birgersson) Spring 1250–22 July 1275	1239 son of Birger jarl and Ingeborg Eriksdotter (a daughter of Eric X)	Sophia of Denmark, daughter of Eric IV of Denmark	Died while imprisoned by his brother Magnus at Nyköping Castle, 26 December 1302, aged about 63, buried at Vreta Abbey or Riddarholmen Church
Magnus III Barnlock (Magnus Ladulås) 22 July 1275–18 December 1290	1240 son of Birger jarl and Ingeborg Eriksdotter (the daughter of Eric X)	Helwig of Holstein	Visingsö, 18 December 1290, aged about 50, buried in Riddarholmen Church
Birger (Birger Magnusson) 18 December 1290–March/April 1318	1280 son of Magnus III Ladislaus and Helwig of Holstein	Martha of Denmark, 1298	31 May 1321, in exile in Denmark, after murdering his brothers at Nyköping Banquet, aged about 41, buried at Ringsted, Zealand
Mats Kettilmundsson Regent 27 June 1318–8 July 1319 (not of the House of Bjälbo)	Unknown birthyear	None	May 1326, in Åbo, as hövitsman of Finland
Magnus IV Ericson (Magnus Eriksson) ثمانية July 1319–15 February 1364	Norway, 1316 son of Erik Magnusson (brother of Birger) and Ingeborg Håkonsdotter	Blanche of Namur,1335	Drowned in a shipwreck when seeking refuge with his son in Bømlofjord, Norway, 1 December 1374, aged about 58
Eric (XII) (Erik Magnusson) 17 October 1356–20 June 1359 (rival king until 1359; joint-rule with father months before death)	1339 son of Magnus IV Eriksson and Blanche of Namur	Beatrice of Bavaria	Generally believed that he and his wife died in the plague, 20 June 1359, aged about 20
Hacon (Håkan Magnusson) 15 February 1362–15 February 1364 (joint-rule with father)	1340 son of Magnus IV Eriksson and Blanche of Namur	Margrete Valdemarsdotter,تسعة April 1363 in Copenhagen	Oslo, 11 September 1380, aged about 40, buried in Oslo

House of Mecklenburg

الاسم	صورة	الميلاد	الزيجات	الوفاة
Albert of Sweden (Albrekt av Mecklenburg) 15 February 1364–24 February 1389		Mecklenburg, c. 1338, son of Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg and Euphemia of Sweden	Richardis of Schwerin	Mecklenburg, 1 April 1412, aged about 74, buried in Mecklenburg

ملوك أثناء فترة اتحاد كالمار وأوصياء (Riksföreståndare)

الاسم	الميلاد	الزيجات	الوفاة
Margaret (Margareta Valdemarsdotter) 24 February 1389-28 October 1412	Vordingborg Castle, 1353 daughter of Valdemar IV and Helvig of Sønderjylland	Haakon VI of Norway	Flensburg Fjord, 28 October 1412, aged about 55, buried in Roskilde Cathedral
Eric (XIII) (Erik av Pommern) 23 July 1396-24 September 1439 (deposed 1434-1435 and 1436)	Rügenwalde, Pomerania, 1382, son of Wartislaw VII, Duke of Pomerania and Mary of Mecklenburg-Schwerin	Philippa of England	Rügenwalde Castle, ثلاثة May 1459, aged about 77, buried in Rügenwalde, Pomerania
13 January 1435-4 May 1436 : Regent Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson (rikshövitsman) October 1438–Autumn 1440 : Regent Karl Knutsson Bonde later King Charles II
Christopher (Kristoffer av Bayern) Autumn 1441-6 January 1448	Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz in Bavaria, February 26, 1418 son of Duke John of Pfalz-Neumarkt and Catherine Vratislava	Dorothea of Brandenburg	Helsingborg,خمسة January orستة January 1448, aged 29, buried at Roskilde Cathedral
January-20 June 1448 : Regents Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna) and Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
Charles VIII (Karl Knutsson Bonde) 20 June 1448-24 February 1457,تسعة August 1464-30 January 1465 and 12 November 1467-15 May 1470	Ekholmen Castle, 1408 or 1409 son of Knut Tordsson (Bonde) and Margareta Karlsdotter (Sparre av Tofta)	Birgitta Turesdotter (Bielke) (died before he became king) Katarina Karlsdotter Kristina Abrahamsdotter	15 May 1470, aged about 61 or 62, buried at Riddarholmen Church
March-23 June 1457 : Regents Jöns Bengtsson (Oxenstierna), archbishop of Upsala, and Erik Axelsson (Tott)
كرستيان الأول (Kristian I) 23 June 1457-23 June 1464	Oldenburg, Lower Saxony, February 1426, son of Dietrich of Oldenburg and Helvig of Schauenburg	Dorothea of Brandenburg	Copenhagen, 21 May 1481, aged 55, buried at Roskilde Cathedral
9 August 1464-30 January 1465 Charles II (Karl Knutsson Bonde) (الفترة الثانية) 26 December 1464-11 August 1465 : Regent Kettil Karlsson (Vasa), bishop of Linköping 11 August 1465–18 October 1466 : Regent Jöns Bengtsson (Oxenstierna) 18 October 1466–12 November 1467 : Regent Erik Axelsson (Tott)
12 November 1467 - 15 May 1470 Charles II (Karl Knutsson Bonde) (الفترة الثالثة) 16 May 1470–6 October 1497 : Regent Sten Sture the Elder (Sten Sture den äldre)
John II ("Hans") ستة October 1497-August 1501	Aalborg Castle, 2 February 1455, ابن كرستيان الأول and Dorothea of Brandenburg	Christina of Saxony	Aalborg Castle, 20 February 1513, aged 58, buried in Odense
12 November 1501-14 December 1503 : Regent Sten Sture the Elder 21 January 1504-31 December 1511 or 2 January 1512 : Regent Svante Nilsson (Svante Nilsson, herre till Ekesjö) Middle of January-23 July 1512 : Regent Erik Arvidsson Trolle 23 July 1512-3 February 1520 : Regent Sten Sture the Younger (Sten Sture den yngre)
كرستيان الثاني الطاغية (Kristian Tyrann) 1 November 1520-23 August 1521	Nyborg Castle, 1 July 1481 son of Hans and Christina of Saxony	Isabella of Austria	Kalundborg Castle, 25 January 1559, aged 77، دفن في أودنسه

House of Vasa

الاسم	الميلاد	الزيجات	الوفاة
Gustav I (Gustav Vasa) ستة June 1523 - 29 September 1560 also as regent Gustav Eriksson (Vasa), 1521–1523	Rydboholm Castle or Lindholmen in Uppland, 12 May 1496 son of Erik Johansson and Cecilia Månsdotter	Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg (1531–1535) Margareta Leijonhufvud (1536–1551) Katarina Stenbock (1552–1560)	Tre Kronor (castle), 29 September 1560, aged 64, buried in Uppsala Cathedral
Eric XIV (Erik XIV) 29 September 1560 - 29 September 1568	Tre Kronor (castle), 13 December 1533 son of Gustav I and Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg	Karin Månsdotter	Died (Poisoned) while imprisoned in Örbyhus Castle, 26 February 1577. Aged 43, buried at Västerås Cathedral
John III (Johan III) 30 September 1568 - 17 November 1592	Stegeborg Castle, Östergötland, 20 December 1537 son of Gustav I and Margaret Leijonhufvud	Catherine Jagellonica (1562 – 1583), Gunilla Bielke (1585–1597)	Tre Kronor (castle), 17 November 1592, aged 54, buried at Uppsala Cathedral
Sigmund (Sigismund) 17 November 1592 - 24 July 1599	Gripsholm Castle, 20 June 1566, son of John III and Catherine Jagellonica of Poland.	Anna of Austria (1592–1598), Constance of Austria (1605–1631)	Warsaw, Poland, 30 April 1632, aged 65, buried at Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland
Charles IX (Karl IX) 22 March 1604 - 30 October 1611 also as regent Duke Charles, 1599–1604	Tre Kronor (castle), أربعة October 1550 son of Gustav I and Margaret Leijonhufvud	Maria of Palatinate-Simmern (1579–1589), Christina of Holstein-Gottorp (1592–1611)	Nyköping Castle, 30 October 1611, aged 61, buried at Strängnäs Cathedral
Gustav II Adolph (Gustav II Adolf) 30 October 1611 -ستة November 1632	Tre Kronor (castle),تسعة December 1594, son of Charles IX and Christina of Holstein-Gottorp.	Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg	6 November 1632, in the Battle of Lützen, Electorate of Saxony, aged 37, buried in Riddarholmen Church
Christina (Kristina) 6 November 1632 -ستة June 1654	Stockholm,ثمانية December 1626, daughter of Gustavus Adolphus and Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg	Unmarried	Rome, 19 April 1689, aged 62, buried at St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City

House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch of the House of Wittelsbach

الاسم	الميلاد	الزيجات	الوفاة
Charles X Gustav (Karl X Gustav) ستة June 1654 - 13 February 1660	Nyköping Castle,ثمانية November 1622, son of John Casimir, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Kleeburg and Catharina of Sweden (daughter of Charles IX)	Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp	Gothenburg, 13 February 1660, aged 37, buried in Riddarholmen Church
Charles XI (Karl XI) 13 February 1660 -خمسة April 1697	Tre Kronor (castle), 24 November 1655 son of Charles X and Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp	Ulrike Eleonora of Denmark	Tre Kronor (castle),خمسة April 1697, aged 41, buried in Riddarholmen Church
Charles XII (Karl XII) خمسة April 1697 - 30 November 1718	Tre Kronor (castle), 17 June 1682 son of Charles XI and Ulrika Eleonora the Elder	Unmarried	Fredrikshald, Norway, 30 November 1718, aged 36, buried in Riddarholmen Church
Ulrica Eleanor (Ulrika Eleonora) خمسة December 1718 - 29 February 1720	Tre Kronor (castle), 23 January 1688 daughter of Charles XI and Ulrika Eleonora the Elder	Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel	Stockholm, 24 November 1741, aged 53, buried in Riddarholmen Church

House of Hesse

الاسم	صورة	الميلاد	الزيجات	الوفاة
Frederick (Fredrik I av Hessen) 24 March 1720 - 25 March 1751		Kassel, (in today's Germany), 23 April 1676 son of Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Maria Amalia of Courland	Louise Dorothea of Prussia Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden	Stockholm, 25 March 1751, aged 74, buried in Riddarholmen Church

House of Holstein-Gottorp, a branch of the House of Oldenburg

الاسم	الميلاد	الزيجات	الوفاة
Adolph Frederick (Adolf Fredrik) 25 March 1751 - 12 February 1771	Gottorp, Schleswig, (in today's Germany), 14 May 1710 son of Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin and Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach	Louisa Ulrika of Prussia	Stockholm Palace, 12 February 1771, aged 60, buried in Riddarholmen Church
Gustav III 12 February 1771 - 29 March 1792	Stockholm, 24 January [ن.ق. 13 January] 1746 son of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia	Sophia Magdalena of Denmark	Assassinated (shot in the back when he was on a masked ball at the opera, 16 March 1792). Died in Stockholm Palace, 29 March 1792, aged 46, buried in Riddarholmen Church
Gustav IV Adolph 29 March 1792 -عشرة May 1809 with Charles, Duke of Södermanland as regent 1792–1796	Stockholm Palace, 1 November 1778 son of Gustav III and Sophie Magdalena	Frederica of Baden	St. Gallen, Switzerland,سبعة February 1837, aged 58, buried in Riddarholmen Church
Charles XIII (Karl XIII) 6 June 1809 -خمسة February 1818	Stockholm,سبعة October 1748 son of Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia	Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp	Stockholm,خمسة February 1818, aged 69, buried in Riddarholmen Church

House of Bernadotte

الاسم	الميلاد	الزيجات	الوفاة
Charles XIV John (Karl XIV Johan) 5 February 1818 -ثمانية March 1844	Pau, France, 26 January 1763 son of Jean Henri Bernadotte and Jeanne de Saint-Vincent	Désirée Clary	Stockholm Palace,ثمانية March 1844, aged 81, buried in Riddarholmen Church
Oscar I 8 March 1844 -ثمانية July 1859	Paris, France, أربعة July 1799, son of Charles XIV John and Désirée Clary	Josephine of Leuchtenberg	Stockholm Palace,ثمانية July 1859, aged 60, buried in Riddarholmen Church
Charles XV (Karl XV) 8 July 1859 - 18 September 1872	Stockholm Palace, ثلاثة May 1826 son of Oscar I and Josephine of Leuchtenberg	Louise of the Netherlands	Malmö, 18 September 1872, aged 46, buried in Riddarholmen Church
Oscar II 18 September 1872 -ثمانية December 1907	Stockholm, 21 January 1829 son of Oscar I and Josephine of Leuchtenberg	Sofia of Nassau	Stockholm,ثمانية December 1907, aged 78, buried in Riddarholmen Church
Gustaf V 8 December 1907 - 29 October 1950	Drottningholm Palace, 16 June 1858 son of Oscar II and Sofia of Nassau	Victoria of Baden	Drottningholm Palace, 29 October 1950, aged 92, buried in Riddarholmen Church
Gustaf VI Adolf 29 October 1950 - 15 September 1973	Stockholm, 11 November 1882 son of Gustav V and Victoria of Baden	Princess Margaret of Connaught Lady Louise Mountbatten	Helsingborg, 15 September 1973, aged 90, buried at Royal Burial Ground
Carl XVI Gustaf 15 September 1973 - present	Haga Palace, 30 April 1946 son of Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten and Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha	Silvia Sommerlath	Living

References

^ Lagerqvist in Sverige och dess regenter under 1000 år ISBN 91-0-075007-7 p. 23
^ Note that the birth date is Decemberثمانية in the Julian calendar, which was in effect in Sweden at the time, corresponding to December 18 in the Gregorian calendar.

The Cambridge History of Scandinavia. Vol.I. Cambridge University Press, 2003 (ISBN 0-521-47299-7).
Morby John E. Dynasties of the World. Oxford University Press, 2002 (ISBN 0-19-860473-4).
Liljegren, Bengt. Rulers of Sweden. Historiska Media, 2004 (ISBN 91-85057-63-0).
Lagerqvist Lars O., Åberg Nils. Kings and Rulers of Sweden. Vincent Publications, 2002 (ISBN 91-87064-35-9).