كدورو
كـُدورّو Kudurru كان نوع من الوثائق الحجرية اِستُخدِم كحجر حدود وكسجلات منح أراضي لحكام تابعين كمكافأة من الحكام الكيشيين في بلاد بابل القديمة بين القرنين 16 و12 قبل الميلاد. الحدثة هي أكدية for "frontier" or "boundary" (cf. بالعبرية: גדר gader, fence, boundary; العربية: جدر jadr, جدار jidar 'wall'; pl. جدور judūr). The kudurrus are the only surviving artworks for the period of Kassite rule in Babylonia مع أمثلة محفوظة في اللوڤر والمتحف البريطاني والمتحف العراقي.
The kudurrus recorded the land granted by the king to his vassals as a record of his decision. The original kudurru would be stored in a temple while the person granted the land would be given a clay copy to use as a boundary stone to confirm legal ownership.
The kudurrus would contain symbolic images of the deities who were protecting the contract, the contract, and the divine curse that would be placed on a person who broke the contract. Some kudurrus also contained an image of the king who granted the land. As they contained a great deal of images as well as a contract, kudurrus were engraved on large slabs of stone.
قائمة الكدورو
كدوروالفترة الكيشية، بترتيب زمني تقريبي:
- Enlil-bānī land grant kudurru
- Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
- Kudurru of Kaštiliašu
- Tablet of Akaptaḫa، صك ملكية نارو، أو"نصب"، أوما شابه
- Land grant to Ḫunnubat-Nanaya kudurru
- Land grant to Marduk-apla-iddina I by Meli-Shipak II
- Estate of Takil-ana-ilīšu kudurru
- Land grant to Ḫasardu kudurru
- Stele of Meli-Šipak
- Land grant to Marduk-zākir-šumi kudurru
- Land grant to Munnabittu kudurru
- Kudurru of Gula
كدوروات ما بعد الكيشيين:
- Kudurru for Ritti-Marduk
- Eanna-shum-iddina kudurru
- Marduk-nadin-ahhe kudurru
- لوح إله الشمس
- Marduk-zakir-šumi I kudurru
- Marduk-apal-iddina II kudurru
انظر أيضاً
- Kurgan stelae
- Runestone
الهامش
- ^ Bahn, Paul G. (2000). The Atlas of World Archaeology. New York: Checkmark Books. p. 78. ISBN .
المراجع
- Encyclopædia Britannica Online article on kudduru
- BBC Ancient History Online Gallery of Mesopotamian Art
- US State Department Gallery of Iraqi Cultural Heritage
