تشارلز هارد تاونز
| تشارلز هارد تاونز | |
|---|---|
|
تشارلز تاونز في 2007. | |
| ولدَ في |
يوليو28, 1915 گرينڤيل، كارولينا الجنوبية، الولايات المتحدة |
| توفي في |
27 يناير 2015 اوكلاند، كاليفورنيا، الولايات المتحدة |
| مكان الإقامة | الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية |
| القومية | أمريكي |
| مجال البحث | الفيزياء |
| المؤسسات |
معامل بل معهد تحليلات الدفاع كلومبيا MIT بركلي |
| خريج |
جامعة فورمان ديوك معهد كاليفورنيا للتكنولوجيا |
| مشرف الدكتوراه | وليام سميث |
| طلاب الدكتوراه |
جيمس گوردون روبرت بويد علي جوان ريموند تشياو |
| اشتهر بسبب | اختراع الميزر Maser |
| الجوائز |
جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء (1964) جائزة تمپلتن (2005) |
| الديانة | Christian |
تاونز عام 1968.
تشارلز هارد تاونز Charles Hard Townes (و.28 يوليو1915 - ت. 27 يناير 2015) هوعالم فيزيائي أمريكي ، حاز جائزة نوبل للفيزياء عام 1964 .
Dr. Charles Hard Townes statue facing Falls Park on the Reedy River, Greenville, South Carolina
ويشتهر بتطبيقات المازر maser وله بحوث رائدة في مجال الإلكترونيات الكمومية quantum electronics والمتعلقة بأجهزة الليزر والميزر، كما درس في مجال العزم المغزلي للنواة الذرية nuclear spin.
جوائز
Townes has been widely recognized for his scientific work and leadership.
- 1956 - elected Full Member of the National Academy of Sciences.
- 1961 - awarded the David Sarnoff Electronics Award given by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and the Rumford Medal awarded by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
- 1962 - The John Carty Award given by the National Academy of Science.
- 1963 - Young Medal and Prize, for distinguished research in the field of optics presented by the Institute of physics.
- 1964 - The جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء with N. G. Basov and Aleksandr Prokhorov for contributions to fundamental work in quantum electronics leading to the development of the maser and laser.
- 1979 - He was awarded the Niels Bohr international medal awarded for contributions to the peaceful use of atomic energy.
- 1980 - Townes was inducted by his home state into the South Carolina Hall of Science and Technology, and has also been awarded a South Carolina Hall of Science and Technology Citation.
- 1982 - He received the National Medal of Science, presented by President Ronald Reagan.
- 1994 - elected Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
- 1996 - awarded the Frederic Ives Medal by the OSA
- 1998 - awarded the Henry Norris Russell Lectureship by the American Astronomical Society.
- 2000 - awarded the Lomonosov Medal by the Russian Academy of Sciences.
- 2003 - awarded the Telluride Tech Festival Award of Technology in Telluride, Colorado.
- 2005 - awarded the Templeton Prize for "Progress Toward Research or Discoveries about Spiritual Realities."
- He has also been awarded the LeConte Medallion.
- 2006 - Along with associate Raj Reddy, Townes was awarded the Vannevar Bush Award for Lifetime Contributions and Statesmanship to Science
- 2008 - On May 24 Townes received an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from the University of Redlands.
مقدمة
- ما بين 1966 و1970 كان رئيس اللجنة الاستشارية الفهمية لناسا الخاصة بمشروع مشروع أپولوللهبوط على القمر.
الفهرس
- M. Bertolotti, History of the Laser, Taylor and Francis, 2004.
- J.L. Bromberg, The Laser in America, 1950-1970, MIT Press, 1991.
- R.Y. Chiao, Amazing Light : A Volume Dedicated To Charles Hard Townes On His 80th Birthday, Springer, 1996.
- J. Hecht, Beam: The Race to Make the Laser, Oxford University Press, 2005.
- J. Hecht, Laser Pioneers, Academic Press, 1991.
- N. Taylor, Laser: The Inventor, the Nobel Laureate, and the Thirty-Year Patent War, Citadel, 2003.
- A.L. Schawlow and C.H. Townes, "Infrared and Optical Masers," Phys. Rev. 112, 1940 (1958).
- C.H. Townes, Making Waves, AIP Press, 1995.
- C.H. Townes, How the Laser Happened: Adventures of a Scientist, Oxford University Press, 2000.
- C.H. Townes and A.L. Schawlow, Microwave Spectroscopy, McGraw-Hill, 1955.
- F. Townes, Misadventures of a Scientist's Wife, Regent Press, 2007.
أنظر أيضاً
- قائمة باحثي العلوم والأديان
المصادر
وصلات خارجية
- http://www.hno.harvard.edu/gazette/2005/06.16/05-laser.html
- Charles Hard Townes
- Amazing Light: Visions of Discovery (Symposium in honor of Charles Townes
- Infrared Spatial Interferometer Array
- Research page
- Oral History interview transcript with Charles H. Townes 20 and 21 May 1987, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives
- Dedication Program for the Charles H. Townes Center for Science, Furman University, November 1, 2008
