مقاطعات هولندا

Map of the Netherlands, linking to the province articles; red dots mark provincial capitals and black dots other notable cities or towns.

المقاطعة الهولندية تمثل الطبقة الادارية بين الحكومة الوطنية والبلديات المحلية، وتتحمل مسئوليات أمور ذات أهمية دون وطنية أوإقليمية. حكومة جميع مقاطعة تتكون من ثلاثة أجزاء رئيسية: Provinciale Staten وهوتعبير عن برلمان مقاطعات ينتخب جميع أربع سنوات؛ Gedeputeerde Staten، مجمع ينتخب من بين أعضاء Provinciale Staten ويكلف بمعظم المهام التطبيقية؛ وCommissaris van de Koning، الذي يُعين من قبل التاج ويترأس Gedeputeerde Staten.

التقسيمات الادارية

هولندا المعاصرة تنقسم إلى إثنتي عشر مقاطعة (provincies بالهولندية)وثلاث بلديات خاصة (bijzondere gemeenten) وراء البحار وهن لسن أجزاءا من مقاطعة.

المقاطعات وعواصمهم

المقاطعات الاثنا عشر مذكورون أدناه مع عواصمهم:

المقاطعة	العاصمة	أكبر مدينة	مفوض الملك	المساحة (كم²)	التعداد	الكثافة (/كم²)
درينته	آسن	آسن	Jacques Tichelaar	&&&&&&&&&&&02652.&&&&&02٬652	&&&&&&&&&0489918.&&&&&0489٬918	&&&&&&&&&&&&0182.&&&&&0182
فليڤولاند	Lelystad	Almere	Leen Verbeek	&&&&&&&&&&&01426.&&&&&01٬426	&&&&&&&&&0394758.&&&&&0394٬758	&&&&&&&&&&&&0250.&&&&&0250
فريسلاند (West Frisian: Fryslân)	Leeuwarden	Leeuwarden	John Jorritsma	&&&&&&&&&&&03361.&&&&&03٬361	&&&&&&&&&0646305.&&&&&0646٬305	&&&&&&&&&&&&0191.&&&&&0191
گلدرلاند	آرنهم	Nijmegen	Clemens Cornielje	&&&&&&&&&&&04995.&&&&&04٬995	&&&&&&&&01999135.&&&&&01٬999٬135	&&&&&&&&&&&&0394.&&&&&0394
گرونينگن (Gronings: Grönnen; West Frisian: Grinslân)	گرونينگن	گرونينگن	Max van den Berg	&&&&&&&&&&&02344.&&&&&02٬344	&&&&&&&&&0574042.&&&&&0574٬042	&&&&&&&&&&&&0246.&&&&&0246
ليمبورگ	ماستريخت	ماستريخت	Theo Bovens (called governor in Limburg)	&&&&&&&&&&&02167.&&&&&02٬167	&&&&&&&&01131938.&&&&&01٬131٬938	&&&&&&&&&&&&0527.&&&&&0527
شمال برابانت (Noord-Brabant)	's-Hertogenbosch	آيندهوڤن	Wim van de Donk	&&&&&&&&&&&04938.&&&&&04٬938	&&&&&&&&02415946.&&&&&02٬415٬946	&&&&&&&&&&&&0487.&&&&&0487
شمال هولندا (Noord-Holland)	هارلم	أمستردام	Johan Remkes	&&&&&&&&&&&02660.&&&&&02٬660	&&&&&&&&02724300.&&&&&02٬724٬300	&&&&&&&&&&&01020.&&&&&01٬020
اوڤريسل	Zwolle	Enschede	Ank Bijleveld	&&&&&&&&&&&03337.&&&&&03٬337	&&&&&&&&01113529.&&&&&01٬113٬529	&&&&&&&&&&&&0331.&&&&&0331
جنوب هولندا (Zuid-Holland)	The Hague	روتردام	Jan Franssen	&&&&&&&&&&&02860.&&&&&02٬860	&&&&&&&&03528324.&&&&&03٬528٬324	&&&&&&&&&&&01207.&&&&&01٬207
اوترخت	اوترخت	اوترخت	Roel Robbertsen	&&&&&&&&&&&01356.&&&&&01٬356	&&&&&&&&01180039.&&&&&01٬180٬039	&&&&&&&&&&&&0855.&&&&&0855
زيلاند	ميدلبورگ	ميدلبورگ	Han Polman	&&&&&&&&&&&01792.&&&&&01٬792	&&&&&&&&&0380186.&&&&&0380٬186	&&&&&&&&&&&&0211.&&&&&0211

Also, though not officially, abbreviated as Den Bosch.
Even though the country's capital Amsterdam lies in North Holland, Haarlem is the capital city of the province.
Amsterdam is the constitutional national capital of the Netherlands.
Dutch: Den Haag, officially also: 's-Gravenhage. The Dutch parliament and the Dutch government have been situated in The Hague since 1588, along with the Supreme Court and the Council of State.

البلديات الخاصة في هولندا

The three special municipalities (officially public bodies) of the Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba became parts of the Netherlands proper on October 10, 2010, but are not part of any province.

البلدية الخاصة	العاصمة	المساحة (كم²)	Population	الكثافة (لكل كم²)
Bonaire (Papiamento: Boneiru)	Kralendijk	&&&&&&&&&&&&0294.&&&&&0294	&&&&&&&&&&015414.&&&&&015٬414	&&&&&&&&&&&&&052.&&&&&052
Sint Eustatius	Oranjestad	&&&&&&&&&&&&&021.&&&&&021	&&&&&&&&&&&03300.&&&&&03٬300	&&&&&&&&&&&&0157.&&&&&0157
Saba	The Bottom	&&&&&&&&&&&&&013.&&&&&013	&&&&&&&&&&&02000.&&&&&02٬000	&&&&&&&&&&&&0154.&&&&&0154

خلفية تاريخية

أعلام المقاطعات في Binnenhof Hofvijver، لاهاي

Nearly all Dutch provinces can trace their origin to a medieval county or duchy, as can the provinces of regions in Belgium. Their status changed when they came under a single ruler who centralised their administration, reducing their powers. There were 17 in total: from these unified Netherlands, seven northern provinces formed the Republic of the Seven United Provinces in the 17th century, namely Holland, Zeeland, Gelderland, Utrecht, Friesland, Overijssel and Groningen. The Republic's lands also included Drenthe (one of the 17, but without the autonomous status of the others), and parts of Brabant, Limburg and Flanders, which were considered to be "conquered lands" and were governed directly by the Staten-Generaal, the parliament, hence their name Generality Lands. They were called Staats-Brabant, Staats-Limburg and Staats-Vlaanderen, meaning "state-owned". Each of these "Netherlands" had a high degree of autonomy, cooperating with each other mainly on defense and foreign relations, but otherwise keeping to their own affairs.

On January 1, 1796,under the Batavian Republic, Drenthe and Staats-Brabant became the eighth and ninth provinces of the Netherlands. The latter, which had been known as Bataafs Brabant, Batavian Brabant, changed its name to Noord Brabant, North Brabant, in 1815 when it became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, which also contained (then) South Brabant, a province now in Belgium. This new unified state featured the provinces in their modern form, as non-autonomous subdivisions of the national state, and again numbering 17, though they were not all the same as the 16th century ones. In 1839, following the separation of Belgium, the original single province of Limburg was divided between the two countries, each now having a province called Limburg. A year later, Holland, the largest and most populous of the Dutch provinces, was also split into two provinces, for a total of 11. The 12th member was to be Flevoland, a province consisting almost entirely of reclaimed land, established on January 1, 1986.

أقسام الفترة الفرنسية

During the Batavian Republic, the Netherlands was from 1798 to 1801 completely reorganised into eight new departments, most named after rivers, inspired by the French revolutionary example, in an attempt to do away with the old semi-autonomous status of the provinces. They are listed below, with their capitals and the territory of the former provinces that they mostly incorporated:

**Batavian Departments**
الاسم	بالهولندية	العاصمة	تضم أراضي
Department of the Ems	Departement van de Eems	Leeuwarden	Northern Friesland, Groningen
Department of the Old IJssel	Departement van de Oude IJssel	Zwolle	Southern Friesland, Drenthe, Overijssel, Northern Gelderland
Department of the Rhine	Departement van de Rijn	Arnhem	Central Gelderland, eastern Utrecht
Department of the Amstel	Departement van de Amstel	Amsterdam	The area around Amsterdam
Department of Texel	Departement van Texel	Alkmaar	Northern Holland minus Amsterdam, northwestern Utrecht
Department of the Delft	Departement van de Delft	Delft	Southern Holland up to the Meuse, southwestern Utrecht
Department of the Dommel	Departement van de Dommel	's-Hertogenbosch	The eastern part of Batavian Brabant, southern Gelderland
Department of the Scheldt and Meuse	Departement van de Schelde en Maas	Middelburg	Zeeland, Holland south of the Meuse and the western part of Batavian Brabant

After only three years, following a coup d'etat, the borders of the former provinces were restored, though not their autonomous status. They were now also called "departments" and Drenthe was added to Overijssel. In 1806 the Kingdom of Holland replaced the republic to further French interests. It was during this administration that Holland was first split in two, with the department of Amstelland to the north and that of Maasland to the south. East Frisia, then as now in Germany, was added to the kingdom as a department in 1807 and Drenthe split off again making a total of 11 departments.

Map of the subdivisions of the Netherlands during French administration. Note that East Frisia is not included in this (later) map.

When the Netherlands finally did become fully part of France in 1810, the departments of the kingdom and their borders were largely maintained, with some joined together. They were however nearly all renamed, again mainly after rivers, though the names differed from their Batavian counterparts. Following are their names and the modern day province they corresponded for the most part to:

**الأقسام الفرنسية لهولندا**
الاسم	الاسم الفرنسي	الاسم الهولندي	المقاطعة الحالية
Department of the Zuiderzee	Département du Zuyderzée	Departement van de Zuiderzee	North Holland & Utrecht
Department of the Mouths of the Meuse	Département des Bouches-de-la-Meuse	Departement van de Monden van de Maas	South Holland
Department of the Mouths of the Scheldt	Département des Bouches-de-l'Escaut	Departement van de Monden van de Schelde	زيلاند
Department of the Two Nethes	Département des Deux-Nèthes	Departement van de Twee Nethen	Western North Brabant & Antwerp
Department of the Mouths of the Rhine	Département des Bouches-du-Rhin	Departement van de Monden van de Rijn	Eastern North Brabant & southern Gelderland
Department of the Upper IJssel	Département de l'Yssel-Supérieur	Departement van de Boven IJssel	Northern Gelderland
Department of the Mouths of the IJssel	Département des Bouches-de-l'Yssel	Departement van de Monden van de IJssel	Overijssel
Department of Frisia	Département de la Frise	Departement Friesland	Friesland
Department of the Western Ems	Département de l'Ems-Occidental	Departement van de Wester Eems	Groningen & Drenthe
Department of the Eastern Ems	Département de l'Ems-Oriental	Departement van de Ooster Eems	(East-Frisia)

With the defeat and withdrawal of the French in 1813, the old provinces and their names were re-established, Holland was reunited and East-Frisia went its separate way. The 17 provinces of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands were for a significant part based on the former French departments and their borders, in particular in what would later become Belgium.

انظر أيضاً

ISO 3166-2:NL
جدول التقسيمات الادارية حسب البلد
قائمة مرتبة للمقاطعات الهولندية
أعلام مقاطعات هولندا
دروع مقاطعات هولندا
سياسات مقاطعات هولندا

الهامش

^ http://www.noord-holland.nl/web/Over-de-provincie/Feiten-en-cijfers.htm
^ Daum, Andreas (2005). . Cambridge University Press. pp. 13, 38. ISBN . Amsterdam is the statuary capital of the Netherlands, while the Dutch government resides in De Hague. (sic) (p. 13) The Netherlands' seat of government is The Hague but its capital is bustling Amsterdam, the national cultural center. (p. 38)
^ Daum, Andreas (2005). . Cambridge University Press. pp. 13, 38. ISBN . Amsterdam is the statuary capital of the Netherlands, while the Dutch government resides in De Hague. (sic) (p. 13) The Netherlands' seat of government is The Hague but its capital is bustling Amsterdam, the national cultural center. (p. 38)
^ "31.954, Wet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba" (in Dutch). Eerste kamer der Staten-Generaal. Retrieved 2010-10-15. De openbare lichamen vallen rechtstreeks onder het Rijk omdat zij geen deel uitmaken van een provincie. (The public bodies (...), because they are not part of a Province).CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Regionale Kerncijfers Nederland" (in Dutch). Statistics Netherlands. 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-13.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
^ "Bevolking per regio naar leeftijd, geslacht en burgerlijke staat" (in Dutch). Statistics Netherlands. 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-13.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)