شجرة التين
| أشجار التين Fig trees | |
|---|---|
| Sycamore Fig, Ficus sycomorus | |
| التصنيف الفهمي | |
| مملكة: | نباتية |
| (unranked): | نباتات مزهرة |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | ورديات |
| Order: | ورديات (رتبة)ورديات |
| Family: | Moraceae |
| Tribe: |
Ficeae Gaudich. |
| Genus: |
''Ficus'' L. |
| Species | |
|
About 800, see text | |
شجرة التين (
//)
Ficus، هي صنف يضم حوالي 850 نوع من الأشجار الخشبية. وثمار هذا النوع من الأشجار مصدر لفاكهة التين.
الوصف
A Ficus carica
البيئة والاستخدامات
Coppersmith Barbet feeding on فاكهة تين أبيض (Ficus virens)
أوراق التين المقدس (F. religiosa)
الدلالات الثقافية والروحية
التلقيح وثمار التين
التين syconium (فاكهة)
ثمرة تين هجرية ناضجة
| القيمة الغذائية لكل 100 غ (3.5 أونصة) | |
|---|---|
| الطاقة | 310 kجول (74 ك.ثمنة) |
الكربوهيدرات |
19 ج |
| Sugars | 16 ج |
| ألياف غذائية | 3 ج |
دهون |
0.3 ج |
پروتين |
0.8 ج |
| |
| Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database | |
| القيمة الغذائية لكل 100 غ (3.5 أونصة) | |
|---|---|
| الطاقة | 1,041 kجول (249 ك.ثمنة) |
الكربوهيدرات |
64 ج |
| Sugars | 48 ج |
| ألياف غذائية | 10 ج |
دهون |
1 ج |
پروتين |
3 ج |
| |
| Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database | |
أنواع مختارة
- Ficus abutilifolia (Miq.) Miq. (= F. soldanella Warb.)
- Ficus adhatodifolia Schott
- Ficus aguaraguensis
- Ficus albert-smithii
- Ficus albipila — Abbey Tree, Phueng Tree, tandiran
- Ficus altissima
- Ficus amazonica
- Ficus americana
- Ficus andamanica
- Ficus angladei
- Ficus apollinaris Dugand (= F. petenensis Lundell)
- Ficus aripuanensis
- Ficus arpazusa
-
Ficus aspera
- Ficus aspera var. parcelli
- Ficus aurea — Florida Strangler Fig
- Ficus auriculata[] — Roxburgh Fig
- Ficus barbata — Bearded Fig
- Ficus battieri[]
- Ficus beddomei — Thavital
- Ficus benghalensis — Indian Banyan, Bengal Fig, East Indian Fig, borh (Pakistan), vad/vat/wad, nyagrodha, "indian fig"
- Ficus benjamina — Weeping Fig, Benjamin's Fig
- Ficus bibracteata
- Ficus bizanae
- Ficus blepharophylla
- Ficus bojeri
- Ficus broadwayi
- Ficus bubu Warb.
- Ficus burtt-davyi Hutch.
- Ficus calyptroceras
- Ficus capreifolia Del.
- Ficus carchiana C.C.Berg
- Ficus carica — Common Fig, anjeer (Iran, Pakistan), dumur (Bengali)
- Ficus castellviana
- Ficus catappifolia
- Ficus citrifolia — Short-leaved Fig, Wild Banyantree
- Ficus clusiifolia[]
- Ficus congesta
-
Ficus cordata Thunb.
- Ficus cordata ssp. salicifolia (Vahl) Berg
- Ficus coronata — Creek Sandpaper Fig
- Ficus costaricana (Liebm.) Miq.
- Ficus cotinifolia
- Ficus crassipes — Round-leaved Banana Fig
- Ficus crassiuscula Standl.
- Ficus craterostoma Warb. ex Mildbr. & Burr.
- Ficus cristobalensis
- Ficus cyclophylla
- Ficus dammaropsis — Highland Breadfruit, kapiak (Tok Pisin)
- Ficus dendrocida
- Ficus deltoidea — Mistletoe Fig
- Ficus destruens
- Ficus drupacea
- Ficus ecuadorensis C.C.Berg
-
Ficus elastica — Indian Rubber Plant, Rubber Fig, "rubber tree", "rubber plant"
- Ficus elastica cv. 'Decora'
- Ficus elastica var. variegata
- Ficus elasticoides[]
- Ficus elliotiana[]
- Ficus enormis[]
- Ficus erecta — Japanese fig, イヌビワ
- Ficus faulkneriana
- Ficus fischeri Warb. ex Mildbr. & Burr. (= F. kiloneura Hornby)
- Ficus fistulosa
- Ficus fraseri — Shiny Sandpaper Fig, White Sandpaper Fig, "figwood", "watery fig"
- Ficus fulvo-pilosa Summerh.
- Ficus gardneriana[]
- Ficus gibbosa
- Ficus gigantosyce Dugand
- Ficus gilletii[]
- Ficus glabra[]
- Ficus glaberrima
- Ficus glumosa (Miq.) Del. (=F. sonderi Miq.)
- Ficus godeffroyi (endemic to Samoa, known as Mati.)
- Ficus gomelleira[]
- Ficus greenwoodii Summerh.
- Ficus greiffiana
- Ficus grenadensis
- Ficus grossularioides — White-leaved Fig
- Ficus guajavoides Lundell
- Ficus guaranitica
- Ficus guianensis
- Ficus hartii
- Ficus hebetifolia
- Ficus hederacea
- Ficus heterophylla
- Ficus hirsuta
- Ficus hirta Vahl
- Ficus hispida
- Ficus hispita L.
- Ficus ilicina (Sond.) Miq.
- Ficus illiberalis
-
Ficus insipida
- Ficus insipida ssp. insipida
- Ficus insipida ssp. scabra
- Ficus kerkhovenii — Johore Fig
- Ficus luschnathiana (Miq.) Miq.
- Ficus infectoria — Wavy-leaved Fig, plaksa
- Ficus ingens (Miq.) Miq.
- Ficus krukovii
- Ficus lacor
- Ficus lacunata
- Ficus laevigata
- Ficus laevis
- Ficus lapathifolia
- Ficus lateriflora
- Ficus lauretana
- Ficus loxensis C.C.Berg
- Ficus lutea Vahl (= F. vogelii, F. nekbudu, F. quibeba Welw. ex Fical.)
- Ficus lyrata — Fiddle-leaved Fig
- Ficus macbridei[]Standl.
- Ficus maclellandii — Alii Fig or Banana-Leaf Fig
- Ficus macrocarpa[]
- Ficus macrophylla — Moreton Bay Fig
- Ficus magnifolia
- Ficus malacocarpa
- Ficus mariae[]
- Ficus masonii Horne ex Baker
- Ficus mathewsii
- Ficus matiziana
- Ficus mauritiana
- Ficus maxima
- Ficus maximoides C.C.Berg
- Ficus meizonochlamys
- Ficus mexiae
-
Ficus microcarpa — Chinese Banyan, Malayan Banyan, Curtain Fig, "Indian laurel"
- Ficus microcarpa var. hillii — Hill's Fig
- Ficus microcarpa var. nitida — often considered a subspecies of F. retusa or a distinct species
- Ficus microchlamys
- Ficus minahasae — longusei (Sulawesi[])
- Ficus mollior F.Muell. ex Benth.
- Ficus monckii
- Ficus montana — Oakleaf Fig
- Ficus muelleri
- Ficus muelleriana
- Ficus mutabilis
- Ficus mutisii Dugand
- Ficus mysorensis
-
Ficus natalensis Hochst. — mutuba (Luganda)
- Ficus natalensis ssp. leprieurii
- Ficus natalensis ssp. natalensis
- Ficus neriifolia
- Ficus nervosa
- Ficus noronhae
- Ficus nota — tibig
- Ficus nymphaeifolia[]
- Ficus oapana C.C.Berg
- Ficus obliqua — Small-leaved Fig
- Ficus obtusifolia
- Ficus obtusiuscula (Miq.) Miq.
- Ficus opposita — Sweet Sandpaper Fig, Sweet Fig, "figwood", "watery fig"
- Ficus organensis (Miq.) Miq.
- Ficus padifolia
- Ficus pakkensis
- Ficus pallida
- Ficus palmata
- Ficus pandurata
- Ficus pantoniana — Climbing Fig
- Ficus panurensis
- Ficus pertusa
- Ficus petiolaris (= F. palmeri)
- Ficus pilosa
- Ficus piresiana Vázq.Avila & C.C.Berg
- Ficus platypoda — Desert Fig, Rock Fig
- Ficus pleurocarpa — Banana Fig, Gabi Fig, Karpe Fig
-
Ficus polita Vahl
- Ficus polita ssp. polita
- Ficus prolixa G.Forst. (= F. mariannensis Merr.)
- Ficus pseudopalma Blanco
- Ficus pulchella
-
Ficus pumila — Creeping Fig
- Ficus pyriformis
- Ficus racemosa — Cluster Fig, Goolar Fig, udumbara (Sanskrit), umbar (India)
- Ficus ramiflora
- Ficus religiosa — Sacred Fig, arali, bo, pipal, pippala, pimpal (etc.), pou (Cambodia), Ashvattha
- Ficus retusa — Taiwan Fig, Ginseng Fig, "Indian laurel", "Cuban-laurel"
- Ficus rieberiana C.C.Berg
- Ficus roraimensis
- Ficus roxburghii[]
- Ficus rubiginosa — Port Jackson Fig, Little-leaved Fig, Rusty Fig, damun (Sydney Language)
- Ficus rumphii Blume — Rumpf's Fig
- Ficus salicifolia Vahl (= F. pretoriae Burtt Davy) — Willow-leaved Fig
- Ficus salzmanniana
- Ficus sansibarica Warb.
- Ficus sarmentosa[]
- Ficus saussureana
- Ficus scabra G.Forst.
- Ficus schippii
- Ficus schultesii
- Ficus schumacheri
- Ficus septica Burm. F. var. septica Moraceae — Hauli Tree in Philippines
- Ficus sphenophylla
- Ficus stahlii
- Ficus stuhlmannii Warb.
- Ficus subpuberula
- Ficus superba
- Ficus sur Forssk. (= F. capensis)
-
Ficus sycomorus — Sycamore Fig, Fig-mulberry
- Ficus sycomorus ssp. sycomorus
- Ficus sycomorus ssp. gnaphalocarpa (Miq.) C.C. Berg
- Ficus tecolutlensis
- Ficus tettensis Hutch. (= F. smutsii Verdoorn)
- Ficus thonningii
- Ficus tinctoria — Dye Fig, Humped Fig
- Ficus tobagensis
- Ficus tomentella[]
- Ficus tomentosa
- Ficus tonduzii Standl.
-
Ficus tremula Warb.
- Ficus tremula ssp. tremula
- Ficus triangularis
- Ficus trichopoda Bak. (= F. hippopotami Gerstn.)
- Ficus trigona L.f.
- Ficus trigonata
- Ficus triradiata — Red-stipule Fig
- Ficus ulmifolia
- Ficus umbellata[]
- Ficus ursina
-
Ficus variegata Bl.
- Ficus variegata var. chlorocarpa King
- Ficus variolosa
- Ficus velutina
- Ficus verruculosa Warb.
-
Ficus virens — White Fig, pilkhan, an-borndi (Gun-djeihmi)
- White Fig, New South Wales
- Ficus virgata
- Ficus wassa
- Ficus watkinsiana — Watkins' Fig, Nipple Fig, Green-leaved Moreton Bay Fig
- Ficus yoponensis Desv.
معرض الصور
Ficus abutilifolia.
Ficus altissima.
Figs of a variegated Ficus aspera.
Mistletoe Fig, Ficus deltoidea.
Ficus erecta.
Ficus ilicina.
Ficus lutea.
Ficus mollis.
Ficus mauritiana.
Ficus pseudopalma.
Ficus variegata in Mong Kok, Hong Kong.
Giant Ficus obliqua, Border Ranges National Park, Australia.
Ficus auriculata.
Fruits on the trunk of a Ficus in الهند.
Fruits of Clown Fig tree at Flamingo Gardens, Davie, Florida.
Trunk of Sacred Fig at Flamingo Gardens.
Fruits of Sacred Fig at Flamingo Gardens.
قائمة أشهر أشجار التين
- Ashvattha — شجرة العالم لدى الهندوس, held to be a supernatural F. religiosa
- Bodhi tree — a F. religiosa
- Charybdis Fig Tree of the Odyssey, presumably a F. carica
- Curtain Fig Tree — a F. virens
- Ficus Ruminalis — a F. carica
- Plaksa — another supernatural fig in Hinduism; usually identified as F. religiosa but probably F. infectoria
- Santa Barbara's Moreton Bay Fig Tree — a F. macrophylla
- Sri Maha Bodhi — another F. religiosa. Planted in 288 BC, the oldest human-planted tree on record
- The Great Banyan — a F. benghalensis, a clonal colony and once the largest organism known
- Vidurashwatha — "Vidura's Sacred Fig tree", a village in India named after a famous F. religiosa that until recently stood there
انظر أيضا
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الهوامش
- ^ L". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2009-01-16. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
- ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ^ Brazil. Described by Carauta & Diaz (2002): pp.38–39
- ^ Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina: Carauta & Diaz (2002): pp.64–66
- ^ Brazil: Carauta & Diaz (2002): pp.67–69
- ^ Changitrees
المصادر
- Berg, C.C. & Corner, E.J.H. (2005): Moraceae. In: Flora Malesiana Ser. I, vol. 17, part 2.
- California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. (CRFG) (1996): Fig. Retrieved November 1, 2008.
- Carauta, Pedro; Diaz, Ernani (2002): Figueiras no Brasil. Editora UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro. ISBN 85-7108-250-2
- Condit, Ira J. (1969): Ficus: the exotic species. University of California, Division of Agricultural Sciences. 363 pp.
- Denisowski, Paul (2007): Chinese-English Dictionary — Fig. Retrieved November 1, 2008.
- Harrison, Rhett D. (2005): Figs and the diversity of tropical rain forests. Bioscience 55(12): 1053–1064. DOI:10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[1053:FATDOT]2.0.CO;2 PDF fulltext
- Kislev, Mordechai E.; Hartmann, Anat & Bar-Yosef, Ofer (2006a): Early Domesticated Fig in the Jordan Valley. Science 312(5778): 1372. DOI:10.1126/science.1125910 (HTML abstract) Supporting Online Material
- Kislev, Mordechai E.; Hartmann, Anat & Bar-Yosef, Ofer (2006b): Response to Comment on "Early Domesticated Fig in the Jordan Valley". Science 314(5806): 1683b. DOI:10.1126/science.1133748 PDF fulltext
- Lev-Yadun, Simcha; Ne'eman, Gidi; Abbo, Shahal & Flaishman, Moshe A. (2006): Comment on "Early Domesticated Fig in the Jordan Valley". Science 314(5806): 1683a. DOI:10.1126/science.1132636 PDF fulltext
- Lewington, Anna & Parker, Edward (1999): Ancient trees: Trees that live for 1000 years: 192. London, Collins & Brown Limited.
- Rønsted, Nina; Weiblen, George D.; Cook, James M.; Salamin, Nicholas; Machado, Carlos A. & Savoainen, Vincent (2005): 60 million years of co-divergence in the fig-wasp symbiosis. Proc. R. Soc. B 272(1581): 2593–2599. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2005.3249 PDF fulltext
- Shanahan, M.; Compton, S.G.; So, Samson & Corlett, Richard (2001): Fig-eating by vertebrate frugivores: a global review. Biological Reviews 76(4): 529–572. DOI:10.1017/S1464793101005760 PDF fulltext Electonic appendices
وصلات خارجية
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Ficus. |
- Figweb Major reference site for the genus Ficus
- Video: Interaction of figs and fig wasps Multi-award-winning documentary
- Fruits of Warm Climates: Fig
- California Rare Fruit Growers: Fig Fruit Facts
- North American Fruit Explorers: Fig
- BBC: Fig fossil clue to early farming
- Figs أربعة Fun: The Weird Sex Life of the Fig
مرئيات
- How the fig tree strangles other plants for survival in the rainforest
