گرينلاندية

Greenlandic; Grøndlandsk sprog;
	kalaallisut
موطنها	گرينلاند، مملكة الدنمارك
العرق	الإنويت الگرينلانديون
الناطقون الأصليون	56,200, 88% of ethnic population (2007)e18
عائلة اللغات	الإسكيمو-أليوت إسكيمو إنويت Greenlandic; Grøndlandsk sprog; ; ; ;
الصيغ المبكرة	Old Greenlandic Middle Greenlandic ;
اللهجات	Kalaallisut; Tunumiit oraasiat; Inuktun;
نظام الكتابة	Latin; Scandinavian Braille
الوضع الرسمي
لغة رسمية في	گرينلاند
لغة أقلية ; معترف بها في	دانمارك
ينظمها	The Greenland Language Secretariat Oqaasileriffik
أكواد اللغات
ISO 639-1	kl
ISO 639-2	kal
ISO 639-3	kal
Glottolog	None; kala1399
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

الگرينلاندية Greenlandic هي إحدى لغات الإسكيمو-ألوت يتحدث بها نحو56,000 إنويت گرينلانديون في گرينلاند. وهي وثيقة الارتباط بلغات الإنويت في كندا مثل إنوكتيتوت. وهي إحدى اللغات الرسمية المستعملة في جزيرة جرينلاند يبلغ عدد الناطقين بها حوال 50 ألفا وتليها اللغة الدنماركية وتعتبر اللغة الإنجليزية الثالثة.

شجرة عائلة اللغات

توزيع عائلة لغات الإسكيمو-ألوت.

انظر أيضاً

لغات الإنويت
- نحوالإنويت
- Inuit phonology

ملاحظات

الهامش

^ Law of Greenlandic Selfrule (see chapter 7)[1] (دنماركية)
^ نطقب:Glottolog

أدبيات مذكورة

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Bittner, Maria (1995). "Quantification in Eskimo". In Emmon W. Bach (ed.). Quantification in natural languages. 2. Springer. ISBN .

Bittner, Maria (2005). "Future discourse in a tenseless language". Journal of Semantics. 12 (4): 339–388. doi:10.1093/jos/ffh029.

Bjørnum, Stig (2003). Grønlandsk grammatik (in الدانمركية). Atuagkat. ISBN .

Fortescue, Michael (1980). "Affix Ordering in West Greenlandic Derivational Processes". International Journal of American Linguistics. 46 (4): 259–278. doi:10.1086/465662. JSTOR 1264708.

Fortescue, Michael (1984). West Greenlandic. Routledge. ISBN .

Fortescue, Michael (1991). "Switch reference anomalies and 'topic' in west greenlandic: A case of pragmatics over syntax". In Jef Verschueren (ed.). Levels of Linguistic Adaptation: selected papers of the International Pragmatics Conference, Antwerp, August 17–22, 1987, volume II. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. ISBN .

Fortescue, Michael (1991). Inuktun: An introduction to the language of Qaanaaq, Thule. Institut for Eskimologi, Københavns Universitet. ISBN .

Fortescue, Michael & Lise Lennert Olsen (1992). "The Acquisition of West Greenlandic". In Dan Isaac Slobin (ed.). The Crosslinguistic study of language acquisition, vol 3. Routledge. pp. 111–221. ISBN .

Fortescue, Michael (1993). "Eskimo word order variation and its contact-induced perturbation". Journal of Linguistics. 29 (02): 266–289. doi:10.1017/S0022226700000335. JSTOR 4176235.

van Geenhoven, Veerle (1998). Semantic incorporation and indefinite descriptions: semantic and syntactic aspects of noun incorporation in West Greenlandic. Stanford: CSLI Publications. ISBN .

van Geenhoven, Veerle (2002). "Raised Possessors and Noun Incorporation in West Greenlandic,". Natural Language & Linguistic Theory. 20 (4): 759–821. doi:10.1023/A:1020481806619.

Goldbach, Ib & Thyge Winther-Jensen (1988). "Greenland: Society and Education". Comparative Education. 24 (2, Special Number (11)): 257–266. doi:10.1080/0305006880240209.

Grønlands sprognævn (1992). Icelandic Council for Standardization. Nordic cultural requirements on information technology. Reykjavík: Staðlaráð Íslands. ISBN .

(2005) "Is Inuktitut tenseless?" in 2005 CLA Annual Conference. Claire Gurski Proceedings of the 2005 Canadian Linguistics Association Annual Conference.

Iutzi-Mitchell, Roy D. & Nelson H. H. Graburn (1993). "Language and educational policies in the North: Status and Prospectus report on the Eskimo–Aleut languages from an international symposium". International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 1993 (99): 123–132. doi:10.1515/ijsl.1993.99.123.

Jacobsen, Birgitte (2000). "The Question of 'Stress' in West Greenlandic:An Acoustic Investigation of Rhythmicization, Intonation, and Syllable Weight". Phonetica. 57 (1): 40–67. doi:10.1159/000028458. PMID 10867570.

Kappel Schmidt, Bodil (2003). "West Greenlandic Antipassive". Nordlyd. Proceedings of the 19th Scandinavian Conference of Linguistics. 31 (2): 385–399. Archived from the original on 2008-12-02. Retrieved 2010-01-10.

Mahieu, Marc-Antoine & Nicole Tersis (2009). Variations on polysynthesis: the Eskaleut languages. Typological studies in language, 86. John Benjamins. ISBN .

Malouf, Robert (1999). "West Greenlandic noun incorporation in a monohierarchical theory of grammar". In Gert Webelhuth; Andreas Kathol; Jean-Pierre Koenig (eds.). (PDF). Studies in constraint-based lexicalism. Stanford: CSLI Publications. ISBN .

Mennecier, Philippe (1995). Le tunumiisut, dialecte inuit du Groenland oriental: description et analyse. Collection linguistique, 78 (in الفرنسية). Société de linguistique de Paris, Peeters Publishers. ISBN .

Mithun, Marianne (1984). "The evolution of noun incorporation". Language. 60 (4): 847–895. doi:10.2307/413800. JSTOR 413800.

Mithun, Marianne (1986). "On the nature of noun incorporation". Language. 62 (1): 32–38. doi:10.2307/415599. JSTOR 415599.

Petersen, Robert (1990). "The Greenlandic language: its nature and situation". In Dirmid R. F. Collis (ed.). Arctic languages: an awakening. Paris: Unesco. pp. 293–308. ISBN .

Rischel, Jørgen (1974). "Topics in West Greenlandic Phonology". Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag. ISBN .

Rischel, Jørgen (1985). "Was There a Fourth Vowel in Old Greenlandic?". International Journal of American Linguistics. 51 (4): 553–555. doi:10.1086/465970.

Rosen, Sara T. (1989). "Two types of noun incorporation: A lexical analysis". Language. 65 (2): 294–317. doi:10.2307/415334. JSTOR 415334.

Sadock, Jerrold (1980). "Noun incorporation in Greenlandic: A case of syntactic word-formation". Language. 57 (2): 300–319. doi:10.1353/lan.1980.0036. JSTOR 413758.

Sadock, Jerrold (1986). "Some notes on noun incorporation". Language. 62 (1): 19–31. doi:10.2307/415598. JSTOR 415598.

Sadock, Jerrold (1999). "The Nominalist Theory of Eskimo: A Case Study in Scientific Self Deception". International Journal of American Linguistics. 65 (4): 383–406. doi:10.1086/466400. JSTOR 1265857.

Sadock, Jerrold (2003). A Grammar of Kalaallisut (West Greenlandic Inuttut). Munich: Lincom Europa. ISBN .

Shaer, Benjamin (2003). "Toward the tenseless analysis of a tenseless language" in 2nd Conference on the Semantics of Under-represented Languages in the Americas. Proceedings of SULA 2: 139–56, GLSA, University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Trondhjem, Naja Frederikke (2009). "11. The marking of past time in Kalaallisut, the Greenlandic language". In Mahieu, Marc-Antoine & Nicole Tersis (ed.). Variations on polysynthesis: the Eskaleut languages. Typological studies in language, 86. John Benjamins. pp. 171–185. ISBN .

Underhill, Robert (1976). "The Case for an Abstract Segment in Greenlandic". International Journal of American Linguistics. 42 (4): 349–358. doi:10.1086/465439. JSTOR 1264267.

Woodbury, Anthony C. (1983). "Switch-reference, syntactic organization, and rhetorical structure in Central Yup'ik Eskimo". In John Haiman; Pamela Munro (eds.). Switch-reference and universal grammar. Typological studies in language, 2. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp. 291–316. ISBN .

للاستزادة

Fortescue, M. D. (1990). From the writings of the Greenlanders = Kalaallit atuakkiaannit. [Fairbanks, Alaska]: University of Alaska Press. ISBN 0-912006-43-9