وثيقة حقوق 1689

وثيقة الحقوق ; The Bill of Rights
تأسست	1689
المكان	الأرشيف البرلماني
المؤلفون	برلمان إنگلترة
الغرض	التأكيد على حقوق البرلمان والأفراد، وضمان سيادة سياسية للپروتستانت

وثيقة الحقوق
	پرلمان إنگلترة
Long title	An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown.
Citation	1 William & Mary Sess 2 c 2
Dates
Royal Assent	16 December 1689
Commencement	1689
Status: Amended
Revised text of statute as amended

وثيقة حقوق 1689 Bill of Rights 1689 هي landmark Act in the constitutional law of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown. It received the Royal Assent on 16 December 1689 and is a restatement in statutory form of the Declaration of Right presented by the Convention Parliament to William III and Mary II in February 1689, inviting them to become joint sovereigns of England. The Bill of Rights lays down limits on the powers of the monarch and sets out the rights of Parliament, including the requirement for regular parliaments, free elections, and freedom of speech in Parliament. It sets out certain rights of individuals including the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment and reestablished the right of Protestants to have arms for their defence within the rule of law. It also includes no right of taxation without Parliament’s agreement. Furthermore, the Bill of Rights described and condemned several misdeeds of James II of England.

These ideas reflected those of the political thinker John Locke and they quickly became popular in England. It also sets out – or, in the view of its drafters, restates – certain constitutional requirements of the Crown to seek the consent of the people, as represented in Parliament.

في المملكة المتحدة، فإن وثيقة الحقوق عززها الماگنا كارتا، وPetition of Right, the Habeas Corpus Act 1679 and the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 as some of the basic documents of the uncodified British constitution. A separate but similar document, the Claim of Right Act 1689, applies in Scotland. The Bill of Rights 1689 was one of the models for the وثيقة الحقوق في الولايات المتحدة في 1789، وإعلان الأمم المتحدة لحقوق الإنسان في 1948 والاتفاقية الأوروبية لحقوق الإنسان في 1950.

Along with the Act of Settlement 1701, the Bill of Rights is still in effect in all Commonwealth realms. Following the Perth Agreement in 2011, legislation amending both of them came into effect across the Commonwealth realms on 26 March 2015.

إعلان الحق

نقش من القرن 18، مبني على رسم من صاموِل ويل، لتقديم وثيقة الحقوق إلى وليام الثالث وماري الثانية

انظر أيضاً

UK constitutional law
Crown and Parliament Recognition Act 1689
Financial Revolution
تاريخ الليبرالية
Toleration Act 1689

ملاحظات

^ القانون يُذـَر كالتالي "وثيقة الحقوق" في المملكة المتحدة، as authorised by section 1 of, and the First Schedule to, the Short Titles Act 1896. Owing to the repeal of those provisions, it is now authorised by section 19(2) of the Interpretation Act 1978. في جمهورية أيرلندا، فإن يُذكر بإسم "وثيقة الحقوق 1688"، as authorised by section 1 of, and the First Schedule to, the Short Titles Act 1896 (as amended by section 5(a) of the Statute Law Revision Act 2007). العنوان القصير للقانون كان في السابق "The Bill of Rights".

المراجع

^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة legisgovnX1
^ "Bill of Rights 1689". Parliament UK. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
^ The key landmark is the Bill of Rights (1689), which established the supremacy of Parliament over the Crown. ... The Bill of Rights (1689) then settled the primacy of Parliament over the monarch’s prerogatives, providing for the regular meeting of Parliament, free elections to the Commons, free speech in parliamentary debates, and some basic human rights, most famously freedom from ‘cruel or unusual punishment’. "Britain's unwritten constitution". British Library. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
^ Schwoerer 1990, pp. 531–548.
^ Maurice Adams; Anne Meuwese; Ernst Hirsch Ballin (2017). . Cambridge University Press. p. 97. ISBN – via Google Books.

ببليوگرافيا

Anon. (2010). "The Glorious Revolution". Factsheet General Series. G4. House of Commons Information Office.
Billias, George Athan (2011). . New York: New York University Press. ISBN – via Google Books.
Blick, Andrew. "Magna Carta and contemporary constitutional change". History and Policy.
Carpenter, Edward (1956). . London: Longmans, Green and Company. OCLC 1919768.
Horwitz, Henry (1977). . Manchester University Press. ISBN .
Lock, Geoffrey (1989). "The 1689 Bill of Rights". Political Studies. 37 (4): 540–561. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9248.1989.tb00288.x.
Maier, Pauline (1997). . New York: Knopf. ISBN .
Schwoerer, Lois G. (1990). "Locke, Lockean Ideas, and the Glorious Revolution". Journal of the History of Ideas. 51 (4): 531–548. JSTOR 2709645.
Thatcher, Oliver Joseph, ed. (1907). . University Research Extension.
Walker, Aileen; Gay, Oonagh; Maer, Lucinda (2009). "Bill of Rights 1689". House of Commons Library.
Williams, E. N. (1960). The Eighteenth-Century Constitution. 1688–1815. Cambridge University Press. OCLC 1146699.