خمبات ખંભાત Khambhat كنباية Cambay खंभात
مدينة
Shivling, Ralaj, Khambhat
Nickname(s):  Trambavati Nagari
خمبات
الإحداثيات:
البلد	الهند
الولاية	گجرات
الضلع	أناند
الحكم
• النوع	Nagar Palika
المساحة
• الإجمالية	2٬932٫9 كم² (1٬132٫4 ميل²)
التعداد(2011)
• الإجمالي	99٬164 (M+OG)
• الكثافة	620/km2 (1٬600/sq mi)
اللغات
• الرسمية	گجراتي
منطقة التوقيت	IST (التوقيت العالمي المنسق+5:30)
PIN	388620,388625,388630,388540
Telephone code	02698
تسجيل السيارة	GJ 23
المسقط الإلكتروني	www.khambhatnagarpalika.in

خمبات (گجراتي: ખંભાત، هندي: खंभात(pronunciation ()؛ بالإنگليزية: Khambhat)، تُعهد أيضاً بإسم كامباي Cambay، هي بلدة والتجمع الحضري المحيط في طلوقة خمبات، ضلع أناند في ولاية گجرات الهندية. وكانت في وقت بالماضي مركزاً تجارياً هاماً، إلا حتى ميناءها طـُمِر تدريجياً بالطمي، وتحولت التجارة عنها. تقع خمبات في سهل طميي عند الطرف الشمالي لـخليج خمبات، يتسم بالارتفاع والانخفاض الشديدين للمد والجزر، حتى حتى الفرق بينهما قد يبلغ عشرة أمتار بالقرب من خمبات. Khambhat is known for its halvasan, sutarfeni and kites (patang). And though being a part of sources of oil and gas.

خمبات من الممكن تكون المكان الوحيد في الهند، الذي توجد فيه حـِرَف هراپـّا – the agate bead making is found in the living tradition. Surprisingly Khambat has no stone deposit. But the craft has survived mainly through acquiring stones from the Rajpipla hills, نحو200 كم من البلدة. في فولكلور خمبات، فإن بداية الحرفة تُنسب إلى بابا غور، الناسك الإثيوپي من سنة 1500م who had led a large contingent of Muslims to settle in the town. However, in the archaeological record the origin of the craft can be traced to the nearby Lothal, a Harappan outpost flourished about 4000 years ago.

التاريخ

كانت كامباي مدينة عامرة، ومركز تجارة رائجة، واشتهرت بمصانع الحرير وchintz والمشغولات المضىية فيها. وقد زار الرحالة العربي المسعودي المدينة التي أسماها "كنباية" في عام 915م، ووصففها كميناء رائج. فنطق:

كما ذكرها ماركوپولوفي 1293، حيث أسماها Cambaet, noted it as a busy port. He mentions that the city had its own king. Indigo and fine buckram were particular products of the region, but much cotton and leather was exported through Cambay. الرحالة الإيطالي المعاصر، مارينوسانودو، said that Cambeth was one of India’s main two ocean ports. ويذكر إيطالي آخر، زار المدينة في حوالي 1440، نيكولودى كونتي، حتى أسوار المدينة كان محيطها اثنا عشر ميلاً.

المستكشف البرتغالي دوارتي باربوسا زار المدينة، التي سماها Cambaia، في مطلع القرن السادس عشر. His description of the city is very full, he states:

"دخلنا عن طريق Cuindarim, which is the internal river, there is great and beautiful city that they call Cambaia، يسكنها 'mouros' (المسلمون) و'gentios' (الهندوس). It has many beautiful houses, very high with windows, and covered with tiles in our manner. The streets are laid out well, with pretty squares and large buildings."

He describes the city as very busy and affluent, with merchants coming frequently by sea from the world around.

Owing principally to the gradually increasing difficulty of access by water by the silting up of the gulf, its commerce has long since fallen away, and the town became poor and dilapidated. The spring tides rise upwards of عشرة أمتار and in a channel usually so shallow that it is a serious danger to shipping. وبحلول 1900، كانت التجارة محصورة في تصدير القطن. The town was celebrated for its manufacture of agate and carnelian ornaments, of reputation, principally في الصين.

The houses in many instances are built of stone (a circumstance which indicates the former wealth of the city, as the material had to be brought from a very considerable distance); and remains of سور طوبي يبلغ محيطه خمسة كيلومترات، which formerly surrounded the town, enclose four large reservoirs of good water and three bazaars. To the southeast there are very extensive ruins of subterranean temples and other buildings half-buried in the sand by which the ancient town was overwhelmed. These temples belong to the Jains and contain two massive statues of their deities: one black, the other white. The principal one, as the inscription intimates, is Pariswanath أوParswanath, carved في عهد السلطان أكبر؛ الأسود منقوش عليه تاريخ يناظر 1651م.

دولة كامباي الأميرية

كمبات كان عاصمة دولة كامباي، الدولة الأميرية في الهند البريطانية. وكانت الدولة الوحيدة في وكالة كايرا في قسم گجرات من رئاسة بومباي. وكانت مساحتها 906 كم². وقد تأسست في 1730، في زمن تقطيع أوصال سلطنة المغل. Its Nawabs were descendents of مؤمن خان، آخر الحكام المغل على گجرات، الذي هزَم في 1742 صهره نظام خان، حاكم كمبات، واستقر هناك.

في 1780 استولى جيش الجنرال گودارد رتشاردز على كامباي، إلا حتى الماراثا استعادوها في 1783. وأخيراً تم التنازل عنها للبريطانيين من قِبل الـپشوا بموجب معاهدة في 1803. وتم تزويد الدولة بسكة حديدية في 1901.

الجغرافيا

Khambhat is at . It has an average elevation of 8 metres (26 feet).

Khambhat has warm and humid climate. It is located on the plains. The land on which Khambhat sits is the silt deposited by Mahi river, so Khambhat has very fertile, wet coastal alluvial soil.The area south of Khambhat is muddy wetlands and then coast line comes. Normally April to June is summer. From July, it rains until September. It has muggy climate for most part of the year except winters. Sometimes Khambhat receives heavy rain. And sometimes surrounding areas gets affected from the floods in Mahi river. October to February is winter. max. average temperature remains 25 to 30 and min. average temperature goes untilعشرة to 12. Summer max. average temperature remains 38 and minimum remains around 22. In summer, wind blows high. Khambhat coast's tides are the highest in the world. It goes high up to 35 feet.

الديمغرافيا

As of 2001 India census, Khambhat had a population of 80,439. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Khambhat has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 67%. In Khambhat, 10% of the population is underستة years of age.

الاقتصاد

Mostly here the people have agate business, color stone business (mainly ruby) and have shops which sell eatables and household products.

النقل

السكك الحديدية

Khambhat is Connected with Anand (district headquarter) by Railway Line. Totalثمانية trains departs per day for Anand.

الطرق

Khambhat is connected with Tarapur,Dharmaj,Vataman and Dali by Regional roads.

المدارس

• Kendriya Vidyalaya O.N.G.C Cambay
• R.C. Mission School
• ST. Xavier's High School(Science+Common Stream)
• Madhavlal Shah High School
• S.Z. Vaghela High School(Science+Common Stream)
• S.K. Vaghela High School
• S.D. Kapadiya High School
• M.T. High School
• Metpur High School
• Supath High School
• Bits Education High School(Science Stream)
• Vatsalya International School
• Adarsh Saraswati Vidhya Mandir, NAGRA
• Jalsan highschool, JALSAN
• Harsh Balvatika, NANAKALODRA
• N.A.Patel Shishuvidhyalay, NANAKALODRA
• Chachaldeep Vidyavihar, NANAKALODRA
• SMT.K.M.J.PATEL HIGHSCHOOL,SAYAMA.(ARTS& COMMERCE)
• S.M.T. B.C.J.High School,JALUNDH.PIPLOI.

الكليات

• L.B. Rao Institute of Pharmaceutical Education
• Shri M N College of Pharmacy
• R.P.Arts, K.B.Commerce & B.C.J Science College

السياحة

• Sikotar Mata Mandir,Ralej
• Dariyai Uttarayn (Organized on first Sunday after Uttarayan at Seashore)
• Swaminarayan Mandir
• Jama Mosque
• Muharram of khambhat

معلومات اضافية

In May 2001, India's Union Minister for Human Resource Development, Science and Technology division, Murli Manohar Joshi, announced that the ruins of an ancient civilization had been discovered off the coast of Gujarat, in the Gulf of Khambhat. The site was discovered by NIOT while they performed routine pollution studies using sonar, and was described as an area of regularly spaced geometric structures. It is located 20 km from the Gujarat coast, spans 9 km, and can be found at a depth of 30–40 meters. In his announcement, Joshi represented the site as an urban settlement that pre-dates the Indus Valley Civilization. However, these claims were made without the backing of any experts and have since been debunked by prominent archaeologists.

الهامش

وصلات خارجية

• Media related to كمبات at Wikimedia Commons