هجوم ربيع 1945 في إيطاليا
هجوم ربيع عام 1945 في إيطاليا هي آخر الحملات التي قامت بها قوات الحلفاء في إيطاليا في الحرب العالمية الثانية ما بينتسعة أبريل إلى 2 مايو1945 بغرض الاستيلاء على ما تظل من أراضيها في يد القوات الألمانية، وانتهت بالاستسلام النهائي للقوات الألمانية في إيطاليا.
خطة الهجوم
المعركة
Aftermath
Secret surrender negotiations between representatives of the Germans and Western Allies had taken place in Switzerland (Operation Crossword) in March but had resulted only in protests from the Russians that the Western Allies were attempting to negotiate a separate peace.
On 28 April, von Vietinghoff (who by then was in Bolzano under siege by partisans) sent emissaries to Allied Army headquarters. On 29 April, they signed an instrument of surrender to the effect that hostilities would formally end on 2 May. Confirmation from von Vietinghoff of the arrangements did not reach Allied 15th Army Group headquarters until the morning of 2 May. It emerged that Kesselring had had his authority as Commander of the West extended to include Italy and had replaced von Vietinghoff with General Schulz from Army Group G on hearing of the plans. However, after a period of confusion during which the news of Hitler's death arrived, Schulz obtained Kesselring's agreement to the surrender and von Vietinghoff was reinstated to see it through.
See also
- Italian Campaign (World War II)
- European Theatre of World War II
- Gothic Line order of battle
Notes
- Footnotes
- ^ Total army group strength including Lines of Communication and support troops totalled 1,333,856
- ^ In addition the army group had 91,000 Lines of Communication and anti-aircraft troops and controlled a further 100,000 local police
-
^ Fromتسعة April 1945 until the end of Operation Grapeshot, thus casualties exclude those suffered during the preliminary operations.
5th Army: 7,965 casualties. American: 6,834 (1,288 killed, 5,453 wounded and 93 missing) casualties; South African: 537 (89 killed, 445 wounded and ثلاثة missing) casualties; Brazilian: 594 (65 killed, 482 wounded and 47 missing) casualties.
8th Army: 7,193 casualties. British: 3,068 (708 killed, 2,258 wounded and 102 missing) casualties; New Zealand: 1,381 (241 killed and 1,140 wounded) casualties; Indian: 1,076 (198 killed, 863 wounded and 15 missing) casualties; Colonial: 46 (11 killed and 35 wounded) casualties; Polish: 1,622 (260 killed, 1,355 wounded andسبعة missing) casualties.
Italians fighting with both armies: 1,100 (242 killed, 828 wounded and 30 missing) casualties. - ^ British estimated around 30,000 casualties were inflicted upon the Axis forces during this offensive, while a German staff officer estimated 32,000 casualties suffered during Operation Grapeshot.
- Citations
- ^ Jackson, p. 230.
-
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةJackson223 - ^ Jackson, p. 236.
- ^ Jackson, p. 334
-
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةBlaxland, p277 - ^ Blaxland. pp279-80
وصلات خارجية
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Spring 1945 offensive in Italy. |
