سنتوريون
A centurion ( //; باللاتينية: centurio; باليونانية: κεντυρίων, kentyríōn or ἑκατόνταρχος, hekatóntarkhos) was a professional officer of the Roman army after the Marian reforms of 107 BC. Most centurions commanded groups of centuries of around 100 legionaries, but senior centurions commanded cohorts or took senior staff roles in their legion. Centurions were also found in the Roman navy. In the Byzantine Army, they were also known by the name kentarch (κένταρχος, kentarchos). Their symbol of office was the vine staff, with which they disciplined even Roman citizens protected from other forms of beating by the Porcian Laws.
Role
In the Roman infantry, centurions initially commanded a centuria or "century". Centuries, or centuriae, developed from the Roman tribal system under the Servian reforms and could contain 200 to 1000 legionaries. Later, generals and Caesars further manipulated these numbers with double and half-strength units. Julius Caesar, for instance, made the first century double strength.
انظر أيضاً
سنتوريون تاريخيون
- St Agathius
- St Alexander
- Aulus Pudens
- Cassius Chaerea
- St Cornelius
- Gaius Crastinus
- Gordius
- St Longinus
- Rory Williams
- Lucius Artorius Castus
- Lucius Vorenus
- St Marcellus
- Petronius
- Sempronius Densus
- Spurius Ligustinus
- Titus Pullo
- Verus
متعلقات
- Primus pilus
- Vine staff
- List of Roman army unit types
- Military establishment of the Roman Empire
- Evocatus, related Roman rank
- Praefectus Castrorum
References
- ^ New College Latin Dictionary
- ^ The Roman Legions
- ^ The Complete Roman Army
- ^ The Roman War Machine
- ^ The centuries (centuriae) commanded by the centurion theoretically derive from centum ("hundred"), but that connection is now disputed. It certainly meant "company" or "tribe".
- ^ Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press. pp. 1120–1121. ISBN .
وصلات خارجية
- The Wiktionary definition of سنتوريون
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. 5 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Centurion, illustrated article by Ross Cowan about the centurions of the Late Republic and Early Empire
