حصانة دبلوماسية

الحَصانة الدبلوماسية Diplomatic immunity مصطلح قانوني للامتياز الذي يمُنح إلى بعض الناس الذين يعيشون في البلاد الأجنبية. وهويسمح لهم حتى يظلوا خاضعين لسلطة القوانين في بلادهم. فالسفراء أوالوزراء والوكلاء الدبلوماسيون الآخرون يُمْنَحون هذا الامتياز. ومثل هؤلاء الوكلاء لا يمكن القبض عليهم لمخالفة قوانين البلاد التي يُرسلون إليها. ولكن إذا خالفوا القوانين المحلية فإن حكوماتهم قد تطالب باستنادىئهم، وهناك اتفاقات دولية تنظم معاملة الوكلاء الدبلوماسيين والمكان الطبيعي الذي تشغله السفارات وأماكن المندوبين الرسميين، والقنصليات في البلاد الأجنبية.

الحصانة الدبلوماسية في الولايات المتحدة

The following chart outlines the immunities afforded to foreign diplomatic personnel residing in the United States. In general, these rules follow the Vienna Convention and generally apply in other countries as well.

Category		May be arrested or detained	Residence may be entered subject to ordinary procedures	May be issued traffic ticket	May be subpoenaed as witness	May be prosecuted	Official family member
دبلوماسية	Diplomatic agent	No	No	Yes	No	No	Same as sponsor
	Member of administrative and technical staff	No	No	Yes	No	No	Same as sponsor
	طاقم خدمات	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No, for official acts. Otherwise, yes	No
قنصليون	ضباط قنصليون محترفون	Yes, if for a felony and pursuant to a warrant.	Yes	Yes	No, for official acts. Testimony may not be compelled in any case.	No, for official acts. Otherwise, yes	No
	Hضباط قنصليون فخريون	Yes	Yes	Yes	No, for official acts. Yes, in all other cases	No, for official acts. Otherwise, yes	No
	موظفون قنصليون	Yes	Yes	Yes	No, for official acts. Yes, in all other cases	No, for official acts. Otherwise, yes	No
هيئة دولية	Diplomatic-level staff of missions to international organizations	No	No	Yes	No	No	Same as sponsor
	International Organization Staff	Yes	Yes	Yes	No, for official acts. Yes, in all other cases	No, for official acts. Otherwise, yes	No
	Support staff of missions to international organizations	Yes	Yes	Yes	No, for official acts. Yes, in all other cases	No, for official acts. Otherwise, yes	No

الهامش

^ "Legal Aspects of Diplomatic Immunity and Privileges". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
^ Reasonable constraints, however, may be applied in emergency circumstances involving self-defense, public safety, or the prevention of serious criminal acts.
^ This table presents general rules. Particularly in the cases indicated, the employees of certain foreign countries may enjoy higher levels of privileges and immunities on the basis of special bilateral agreements.
^ Note that consular residences are sometimes located within the official consular premises. In such cases, only the official office space is protected from police entry.
^ A small number of senior officers are entitled to be treated identically to "diplomatic agents".