إنزيم اقتطاع

إنزيمات الاقتطاع بالإنگليزية: restiction enzymes هي الإنزيمات التي تبتر تتاليات الدنا عند مواضع محددة تعهد بمقرات الاقتطاع، وتوجد إنزيمات الاقتطاع لدى الجراثيم الذي يعتقد بأنه يقيها من غزوالعاثيات وتستخدم تلك الإنزيمات كأدوات في الدراسات الوراثية والتشخيص الوراثي.

مسقط التعهد

5'-GTATAC-3' :::::: 3'-CATATG-5'
A palindromic recognition site reads the same on the reverse strand as it does on the forward strand

EcoRI digestion produces "sticky" ends,

whereas SmaI restriction enzyme cleavage produces "blunt" ends

الأنواع

النوع I

النوع II

Structure of the homodimeric restriction enzyme RI (cyan and green cartoon diagram) bound to double stranded DNA (brown tubes). Two catalytic manganese ions (one from each monomer) are shown as magenta spheres and are adjacent to the cleaved sites in the DNA made by the enzyme (depicted as gaps in the DNA backbone).

النوع III

المصطلحات

اشتقاق الاسم EcoRI
الاختصار	المعنى	الوصف
E	Escherichia	genus
co	coli	species
R	RY13	strain
I	First identified	order of identification in the bacterium

أمثلة

Enzyme	Source	Recognition Sequence	Cut
EcoRI	Escherichia coli	5'GAATTC 3'CTTAAG	5'---G AATTC---3' 3'---CTTAA G---5'
EcoRII	Escherichia coli	5'CCWGG 3'GGWCC	5'--- CCWGG---3' 3'---GGWCC ---5'
BamHI	Bacillus amyloliquefaciens	5'GGATCC 3'Cدعوة للعملGG	5'---G GATCC---3' 3'---Cدعوة للعملG G---5'
HindIII	Haemophilus influenzae	5'AAGCTT 3'TTCGAA	5'---A AGCTT---3' 3'---TTCGA A---5'
TaqI	Thermus aquaticus	5'TCGA 3'AGCT	5'---T CGA---3' 3'---AGC T---5'
NotI	Nocardia otitidis	5'GCGGCCGC 3'CGCCGGCG	5'---GC GGCCGC---3' 3'---CGCCGG CG---5'
HinfI	Haemophilus influenzae	5'GANTCA 3'CTNAGT	5'---G ANTC---3' 3'---CTNA G---5'
Sau3A	Staphylococcus aureus	5'GATC 3'دعوة للعملG	5'--- GATC---3' 3'---دعوة للعملG ---5'
PovII*	Proteus vulgaris	5'CAGCTG 3'GTCGAC	5'---CAG CTG---3' 3'---GTC GAC---5'
SmaI*	Serratia marcescens	5'CCCGGG 3'GGGCCC	5'---CCC GGG---3' 3'---GGG CCC---5'
HaeIII*	Haemophilus aegyptius	5'GGCC 3'CCGG	5'---GG CC---3' 3'---CC GG---5'
HgaI	Haemophilus gallinarum	5'GACGC 3'CTGCG	5'---NN NN---3' 3'---NN NN---5'
AluI*	Arthrobacter luteus	5'AGCT 3'TCGA	5'---AG CT---3' 3'---TC GA---5'
EcoRV*	Escherichia coli	5'GATATC 3'دعوة للعملTAG	5'---GAT ATC---3' 3'---دعوة للعمل TAG---5'
EcoP15I	Escherichia coli	5'CAGCAGN₂₅NN 3'GTCGTCN₂₅NN	5'---CAGCAGN₂₅NN ---3' 3'---GTCGTCN₂₅ NN---5'
KpnI	Klebsiella pneumoniae	5'GGTACC 3'CCATGG	5'---GGTAC C---3' 3'---C CATGG---5'
PstI	Providencia stuartii	5'CTGCAG 3'GACGTC	5'---CTGCA G---3' 3'---G ACGTC---5'
SacI	Streptomyces achromogenes	5'GAGCTC 3'CTCGAG	5'---GAGCT C---3' 3'---C TCGAG---5'
SalI	Streptomyces albus	5'GTCGAC 3'CAGCTG	5'---G TCGAC---3' 3'---CAGCT G---5'
ScaI	Streptomyces caespitosus	5'AGTACT 3'TCATGA	5'---AGT ACT---3' 3'---TCA TGA---5'
SpeI	Sphaerotilus natans	5'Aدعوة للعملGT 3'TGATCA	5'---A دعوة للعملGT---3' 3'---TGATC A---5'
SphI	Streptomyces phaeochromogenes	5'GCATGC 3'CGTACG	5'---GCATG C---3' 3'---C GTACG---5'
StuI	Streptomyces tubercidicus	5'AGGCCT 3'TCCGGA	5'---AGG CCT---3' 3'---TCC GGA---5'
XbaI	Xanthomonas badrii	5'Tدعوة للعملGA 3'AGATCT	5'---T دعوة للعملGA---3' 3'---AGATC T---5'

Key:
* = blunt ends
N = C or G or T or A
W = A or T

انظر أيضا

Detailed articles about certain restriction enzymes: EcoRI, HindIII, BglII.
List of restriction enzyme cutting sites
Homing endonuclease
List of homing endonuclease cutting sites
Isoschizomer.
Star activity
Molecular weight size marker

الهامش

^ PDB 1qps Gigorescu A, Morvath M, Wilkosz PA, Chandrasekhar K, Rosenberg JM (2004). "The integration of recognition and cleavage: X-ray structures of pre-transition state complex, post-reactive complex, and the DNA-free endonuclease". In Alfred M. Pingoud (ed.). Restriction Endonucleases (Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology, Volume 14). Berlin: Springer. pp. 137–178. ISBN .CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ R.J Roberts, 1988, Nucl Acids Res. 16(suppl):271 From p.213 Molecular Cell Biology 4th Edition by Lodish, Berk, Zipursky, Matsudaira, Baltimore and Darnell.
^ Monty Krieger; Matthew P Scott; Matsudaira, Paul T.; Lodish, Harvey F.; Darnell, James E.; Lawrence Zipursky; Kaiser, Chris; Arnold Berk (2004). Molecular Cell Biology (5th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. ISBN .CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "Stu I from Streptomyces tubercidicus". Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
^ Shimotsu H, Takahashi H, Saito H (1980). "A new site-specific endonuclease StuI from Streptomyces tubercidicus". Gene. 11 (3–4): 219–25. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(80)90062-1. PMID 6260571. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

وصلات خارجية

عامة:

MeSH DNA+Restriction+Enzymes
Firman K (2007-11-24). "Type I Restriction-Modification". University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
Goodsell DS (2000-08-01). "Restriction Enzymes". Molecule of the Month. RCSB Protein Data Bank. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
Simmer M, Secko D (2003-08-01). "Restriction Endonucleases: Molecular Scissors for Specifically Cutting DNA". The Science Creative Quarterly. Retrieved 2008-06-06.

قواعد بيانات:

Roberts RJ, Vincze T, Posfai, J, Macelis D. "[[Rebase (database)|REBASE]]". Retrieved 2008-06-06. Restriction Enzyme Database URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

برامج حاسوبية:

Bikandi J, San Millán R, Rementeria A, and Garaizar J. "Restriction enzyme digest of DNA". insilico.ehu.es. Retrieved 2008-06-06.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Palmer M. "WatCut". University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Retrieved 2008-06-06. An on-line tool for restriction analysis, silent mutation scanning, SNP-RFLP analysis
Vincze,T, Posfai J, Roberts RJ. "NEBcutter V2.0". New England Biolabs Inc. Retrieved 2008-06-06. Restriction enzyme finderCS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
"Restriction enzyme digest of DNA software". BioPHP: PHP for Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2008-06-06. Online tool, free source code
"pDRAW32". AcaClone software. Retrieved 2008-06-06. Freeware DNA cloning, sequence analysis and plasmid/DNA plotting software