أباطرة الثكنات
أباطرة الثكنات Barracks emperor (ويُسمَّون أيضاً "الأباطرة العسكريون") كانوا أباطرة رومان استولوا على السلطة بفضل قيادتهم للجيش. وكان أباطرة الثكنات أمراً شائعاً بشكل خاص في الفترة من 235 حتى 284، أثناء أزمة القرن الثالث. وقد بلغ عددهم تقريباً أربعة عشر امبراطوراً من الثكنات في 33 عاماً، أي حتى متوسط فترة حكم جميع منهم تزيد قليلاً عن سنتين. عدم الاستقرار الناتج في المخط الامبراطوري وحالة الحرب الأهلية شبه الثابتة والتمردات، جميع أولئك هدد بتدمير الامبراطورية الرومانية من الداخل وهجرها عرضة للهجمات من الخارج.
القائمة
| الحكم | الحاكم | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|
| February/March 235 to March/April 238 | Maximinus Thrax | Murdered by troops |
| مطلع 238 | گورديان الأول | governor in Africa, declared co-emperor with his son Gordian II by popular demand. Committed suicide after defeat in battle against the governor of Numidia |
| earlyJanuary March 238 to lateJanuary/April 238 | گورديان الثاني | Son of and co-emperor with Gordian I. Killed in battle against the governor of Numidia |
| أبريل إلى يوليو238 | پوپينوس وبالبينوس | Senators elected as co-emperors by Roman Senate upon the failure of the African rebellion. Murdered by the Praetorians |
| May 238 to February 244 | گورديان الثالث | Grandson of Gordian I - elected by Senate at 13. Either killed in battle against Persians under Shapur I in modern-day Iraq (Roman histories do not mention the battle) or murdered by the Praetorian Prefect Philip, who succeeded him as Philip the Arab |
| 240 to 240 | Sabinianus | Proclaimed himself emperor; defeated in battle |
| February 244 to September/October 249 | فيليپ العربي | قُتل في معركة على يد دكيوس بالقرب من مدينة ڤـِرونا الحالية |
| 248 to 248 | پكانتيوس | Proclaimed himself emperor; murdered by his own soldiers |
| 248 to 248 | يوتاپيانوس | Claimant |
| 248 to 248 | سلبناكوس | Usurper |
| 249 حتى يونيو251 | دكيوس | عيّنه فيليپ العربي ليهزم پكانتيوس. Proclaimed emperor by the Danubian armies. Killed in battle against the Goths |
| 249 to 252 | Priscus | Proclaimed himself emperor in the Eastern provinces with Gothic support |
| 250 to 250 | Licinianus | Claimant |
| early251 to 1 July 251 | هرنيوس إتروسكوس | Co-emperor with his father Decius. Killed in battle against Goths |
| 251 to 251 | هوستليان | Younger brother of Herennius Etruscus, whom he succeeded as emperor. His authority did not extend far beyond Rome, where he soon died in an outbreak of plague |
| June 251 to August 253 | Gallus | Proclaimed emperor by the army after the deaths of Decius and Herennius Etruscus. Co-ruled with his son Volusianus. Murdered by his own soldiers |
| July 251 to August 253 | Volusianus | Co-emperor with his father Trebonianus Gallus. Murdered by his own soldiers |
| August 253 to October 253 | إميليانوس | Governor of Moesia Superior and Pannonia who defeated a Gothic army and was proclaimed emperor by his soldiers. Murdered by his own soldiers when they saw that they could not defeat the army of Valerian, who came to avenge Trebonianus Gallus |
| 253 to June 260 | ڤالريان | Governor of the Rhine provinces. Co-emperor with Gallienus; captured by Persians: died in captivity |
| 253 to September 268 | Gallienus | Co-emperor with Valerian 253 to 260, sole emperor from 260 to 268; murdered |
| 258 or June 260 | Ingenuus | Proclaimed himself emperor |
| 260 | رگاليانوس | Proclaimed emperor |
| 260 to 261 | ماكريانوس الأكبر | Proclaimed emperor; defeated and killed in battle |
| 260 to 261 | Quietus | Claimant |
| 261 to 261 or 262 | Mussius Aemilianus | Proclaimed emperor |
| 268 to 268 | أوريولوس | Proclaimed himself emperor; استسلم لـكلاوديوس الثاني گوثيكوس |
أباطرة الثكنات المبكرون
حين نمد مفهوم أباطرة الثكنات ليضم أي امبراطور عيّنه الجيش notion of a barracks emperor is extended to any emperor that was appointed by the army, more emperors whose reign predates the 3rd century can be included:
- The first known emperor that was appointed by the Praetorian Guards after the murder of كاليگولا، كان كلاوديوس.
- A notable case took place after the murder of emperor Pertinax. Praetorian Guards had come to the point when they simply sold the throne off, by auctioning it to the highest bidder, selling it to one of the richest Romans at the time, ديديوس يوليانوس.
