قاقم
| قاقم Stoat | |
|---|---|
| Conservation status | |
 Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) | |
| التصنيف الفهمي | |
| مملكة: | الحيوان |
| Phylum: | الحبليات |
| Class: | الثدييات |
| Order: | آكلات اللحوم |
| Family: | ابن عرس |
| Subfamily: | Mustelinae |
| Genus: | 'Mustela' |
| Species: | ''M. erminea'' |
| Binomial name | |
|
Mustela erminea لينايوس, 1758 | |
| Stoat range (green—native, red—introduced) | |
قاقم Stoat (الاسم الفهمي:Mustela erminea) أوالقاقم بالإنگليزية: Stoat هونوع من الطيور يتبع جنس الابن عرس من الفصيلة العرسيات. يستوطن أوراسيا وأمريكا الشمالية.
المظهر
Skulls of a long-tailed weasel (top), a stoat (bottom left) and least weasel (bottom right), as illustrated in Merriam's Synopsis of the Weasels of North America
القاقم رقيق ومرن مثل ابن عرس، ويتميز بذيل وحجم أكبر منه، يتميز القاقم بفروبني محمر اعلاه وفروأبيض ادناه، يبلغ طول ذكر القاقم من 16 إلى 31 سم، ومنستة إلى 12 سم بالنسبة لذيله، يتراوح وزن الذكور ما بين 130 و450 غرام اما بالنسبة للإناث فيتراوح وزنها ما بين 130 و280 غرام.
Young stoat
Stoat surplus killing a family of chipmunks, as illustrated by Ernest Thompson Seton
Stoat killing a European rabbit
الموئل
يوجد القاقم في الموائل التالية: الأرض الصالحة للزراعة، الصحراء، الأراضي العشبية التي اجتاحتها الفيضانات ،الغابات المتوسطية، الجبال العشبية، الغابات الصنوبرية، التندرا, التايغا.
A stoat in winter fur
الغذاء
يقتات القاقم على فئران الحقول وبعض الطيور والأرانب في بعض الأحيان
السلالة
{As of|2005|uc=on , 37 subspecies are recognised.
| Subspecies | Trinomial authority | Description | Range | Synonyms |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Northern stoat M. e. erminea (Nominate subspecies) |
Linnaeus, 1758 | A moderately sized to small subspecies, with a relatively short and broad facial region | Kola Peninsula, Scandinavia |
hyberna (Kerr, 1792) maculata (Billberg, 1827) |
|
Middle Russian stoat M. e. aestiva
|
Kerr, 1792 | A moderately sized subspecies with dark, tawny or chestnut summer fur | European Russia (except for the Kola Peninsula), Central and Western Europe |
algiricus (Thomas, 1895) alpestris (Burg, 1920) |
|
Junean stoat M. e. alascensis |
Merriam, 1896 | Similar to M. e. richardsonii, but with a broader skull and more extensive white tips on the limbs | Juneau, Alaska | |
|
Vancouver Island stoat M. e. anguinae |
Hall, 1932 | Vancouver Island | ||
|
Tundra stoat M. e. arctica
|
Merriam, 1826 | A large subspecies, with a dark-yellowish brown summer coat, a deep yellow underbelly and a massive skull, it resembles Eurasian stoat subspecies more closely than any other American subspecies. | ألاسكا, northwestern Canada, Arctic archipelago except Baffin Island |
audax (Barrett-Hamilton, 1904) kadiacensis (Merriam, 1896) |
| M. e. augustidens | Brown, 1908 | |||
|
Western Great Lakes stoat M. e. bangsi |
Hall, 1945 | Region west of the Great Lakes |
cicognani (Mearns, 1891) pusillus (Aughey, 1880) |
|
| Mustela e. celenda | Hall, 1944 | |||
|
Bonaparte's stoat M. e. cigognanii
|
Bonaparte, 1838 | A small subspecies, with a dark brown summer coat, its skull is more lightly built than that of richardsonii. | Region north and east of the Great Lakes |
pusilla (DeKay, 1842) vulgaris (Griffith, 1827) |
| M. e. fallenda | Hall, 1945 | |||
|
Fergana stoat M. e. ferghanae |
Thomas, 1895 | A small subspecies, it has a very light, straw-brownish or greyish coat, which is short and soft. Light spots, sometimes forming a collar, are present on the neck. It does not turn white in winter. | Montane Tien Shan and Pamir-Alaisk system, Afghanistan, الهند, western Tibet and adjacent parts of Tien Shan China |
shnitnikovi (Ognev, 1935) whiteheadi (Wroughton, 1908) |
| Mustela e. gulosa | Hall, 1945 | |||
|
Queen Charlotte stoat M. e. haidarum |
Preble, 1898 | Queen Charlotte Islands | ||
|
Irish stoat M. e. hibernica
|
Thomas and Barrett-Hamilton, 1895 | Larger than aestiva, but smaller than stabilis, it is distinguished by the irregular pattern on the dividing line between dark and pale fur on the flanks, though 13.5% of Irish stoats exhibit the more typical straight dividing line. | Ireland, Isle of Man | |
| M. e. initis | Hall, 1945 | |||
| M. e. invicta | Hall, 1945 | |||
|
Kodiak stoat M. e. kadiacensis |
Merriam, 1896 | Kodiak Island | ||
|
East Siberian stoat M. e. kaneii |
Baird, 1857 | A moderately sized subspecies, it is smaller than M. e. tobolica, with close similarities to M. e. arctica. The colour of the summer coat is relatively light, with varying intensities of browning-yellow tinges. | Eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East including Kamchatka, except the Amur Oblast and Ussuriland, Transbaikalia and Sayan |
baturini (Ognev, 1929) digna (Hall, 1944) |
|
Karaginsky stoat M. e. karaginensis |
Jurgenson, 1936 | A very small subspecies with a light chestnut coloured summer coat | Karaginsky Island along the eastern coast of Kamchatka | |
|
Altai stoat Mustela e. lymani |
Hollister, 1912 | A moderately sized subspecies with less dense fur than M. e. tobolica, the colour of its summer coat consists of weakly developed reddish-brown tones. The skull is similar to that of M. e. aestiva. | Mountains of southern Siberia eastwards to Baikal and contiguous parts of Mongolia | |
| M. e. martinoi | Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951 |
birulai (Martino and Martino, 1930) |
||
|
Swiss stoat M. e. minima |
Cavazza, 1912 | Switzerland | ||
|
Gobi stoat
M. e. mongolica |
Ognev, 1928 | Govi-Altai Province | ||
|
Southwestern stoat M. e. muricus |
Bangs, 1899 | Southwestern extremity of the species' American range (Nevada, Utah, كولورادوand other states) | leptus (Merriam, 1903) | |
|
Japanese stoat
M. e. nippon |
Cabrera, 1913 | Japan | ||
|
M. e. ognevi |
Jurgenson, 1932 | |||
|
Olympic stoat
M. e. olympica |
Hall, 1945 | Olympic Peninsula, واشنطن | ||
|
Polar stoat M. e. polaris |
Barrett-Hamilton, 1904 | Greenland | ||
|
Richardson's stoat M. e. richardsonii |
Bonaparte, 1838 | Similar to M. e. cigognanii, but larger, with a dull chocolate brown summer coat | Newfoundland, Labrador and nearly all of Canada save for the territories of other stoat subspecies |
imperii (Barrett-Hamilton, 1904) microtis (J. A. Allen, 1903) |
|
Hebrides stoat M. e. ricinae |
Miller, 1907 | Hebrides | ||
| M. e. salva | Hall, 1944 | |||
| M. e. seclusa | Hall, 1944 | |||
|
Baffin stoat
M. e. semplei |
Sutton and Hamilton, 1932 | Baffin Land and adjacent parts of the mainland | labiata (Degerbøl, 1935) | |
|
British stoat M. e. stabilis
|
Barrett-Hamilton, 1904 | Larger than mainland European stoats | Great Britain, introduced to New Zealand | |
| M. e. stratori | Merriam, 1896 | |||
|
Caucasian stoat M. e. teberdina |
Korneev, 1941 | A small subspecies with coffee to reddish tawny summer coat | Northern slope of the middle part of the main Caucasus range | balkarica (Basiev, 1962) |
|
Tobolsk stoat M. e. tobolica |
Ognev, 1923 | A large subspecies, it is somewhat larger than aestiva, with long and dense fur. | Western Siberia, eastwards to the Yenisei and Altai and in Kazakhstan |
Stoat (left) and least weasel (right) pelts - note the stoat's larger size and black tail-tip
Stoat skeleton
العلاقات مع البشر
Elizabeth I of England, "the Virgin Queen", painted with an ermine on her arm. In this painting the ermine has black spots over its entire body resembling heraldic ermine.
المصادر
ملاحظات
- ^ Reid, F. & Helgen, K. (2008). . القائمة الحمراء للأنواع المهددة بالانقراض 2008. IUCN سنة 2008. تم استرجاعها في 21 March 2009. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern
- ^ مسقط zipcodezoo.com ابن عرس قصير الذيل تاريخ الولوج 26 أبريل 2012
- ^ نظام المعلومات التصنيفية المتكامل ابن عرس قصير الذيل تاريخ الولوج 05 مايو2012
-
^ Wozencraft, W. C. (16 November 2005). Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds) (ed.). (3rd edition ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. Check date values in:
|date=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: editors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text (link) - ^ Heptner & Sludskii 2002, p. 1010
- ^ Merriam 1896, pp. 12–13
- ^ Merriam 1896, p. 15
- ^ Merriam 1896, pp. 11–12
- ^ Heptner & Sludskii 2002, p. 1014
- ^ Harris & Yalden 2008, p. 459
- ^ Heptner & Sludskii 2002, p. 1012
- ^ Heptner & Sludskii 2002, p. 1013
- ^ Heptner & Sludskii 2002, p. 1011
فهرس
- Ahern, Albert (1922). . St. Louis: C. P. Curran printing company.
- Coues, Elliott (1877). . Government Printing Office.
- Harris, Stephen; Yalden, Derek (2008). Mammals of the British Isles (4th Revised ed.). Mammal Society. ISBN .
- Johnston, Harry Hamilton (1903). . London, Hutchinson.
- Kurtén, Björn (1968). Pleistocene mammals of Europe. Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
- Kurtén, Björn (1980). Pleistocene mammals of North America. Columbia University Press. ISBN .
- Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002). . Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation. ISBN .
- Macdonald, David (1992). The Velvet Claw: A Natural History of the Carnivores. New York: Parkwest. ISBN .
- Merriam, Clinton Hart (1896). . Washington : Govt. Print. Off.
- Verts, B. J.; Carraway, Leslie N. (1998). . University of California Press. ISBN .
أنظر أيضاً
- ابن عرس
قراءات أخرى
http://ecologie.nature.free.fr/pages/mammiferes/hermine.htm
http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Stoat
- The Natural History of Weasels and Stoats: Ecology, Behavior and Management. 2nd Edition.(2007). Carolyn M. King and Roger A. Powell. Oxford University Press. ISBN- 13 978-0-19-530056-7
وصلات خارجية
 |
مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Mustela erminea. |
|
مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Ermine (clothing). |
توجد في فهمالفصائل معلومات أكثر حول:
Mustela erminea
- ARKive
- taxonomy
- Stoat control information
- Stoat 'playing'(?) in snow
- Fiordland Islands NZ stoat eradication
- BBC Wildlife finder including video footage and sound files
- Stoat images
- Smithsonian Institution - North American Mammals: Mustela erminea
- Smithsonian Wild: Mustela erminea
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